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  • Springer  (37)
  • American Physical Society  (20)
  • American Geophysical Union  (14)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (4)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2000-2004  (51)
  • 1980-1984  (24)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Decomposition and nanocrystallization in reactively sputtered amorphous Ta–Si–N thin films (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 1986-1991 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process of reactively sputtered thin amorphous Ta–Si–N films is investigated by anomalous small angle x-ray scattering (ASAXS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Changes in the microstructure in Ta40Si14N46 films, density variations in the amorphous matrix, decomposition, formation, and growth of nanocrystals after vacuum anneals at different temperatures in the range between 800 and 1000 °C are observed and the results of the different techniques are compared. From a Fourier analysis of ASAXS intensities the nanostructure of the investigated ternary system is derived using a model of hard spheres according to Guinier and Fournet. ASAXS investigations indicate that the noncrystalline samples can be described by a monophase fit and the crystallized samples by a bimodal-phase fit, the latter results being consistent with XRD which identifies TaN and Ta5Si3 phases. Detailed analysis shows that TaN nanograins of approximately 2 nm size develop after a decomposition process. Larger grains of Ta5Si3 are observed in addition to the TaN grains if annealing is performed at temperatures higher than 950 °C. The aim of these investigations is to give a generally applicable explanation of the barrier failure mechanism for Ta–Si–N diffusion barriers, which is actually observed at temperatures below the crystallization temperature if the films are used in contact with Cu or Al. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1388173
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Superspace formulation of general massive gauge theories and geometric interpretation of mass-dependent Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 7304-7332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A superspace formulation is proposed for the osp(1,2)-covariant Lagrangian quantization of general massive gauge theories. The superalgebra osp(1,2) is considered as subalgebra of the superalgebra sl(1,2)∼osp(2,2) which may be considered as the algebra of generators of the conformal group in a superspace with two anticommuting coordinates. The mass-dependent (anti)Becchi–Rouet–Stora–Tyutin symmetries of proper solutions of the quantum master equations in the osp(1,2)-covariant formalism are realized in that superspace as invariance under translations combined with mass-dependent special conformal transformations. The Sp(2) symmetry—in particular the ghost number conservation—and the new ghost number conservation are realized in the superspace as invariance under symplectic rotations and dilatations, respectively. The new ghost number conservation is generally broken by the choice of a gauge. The transformations of the gauge fields and the full set of necessarily required (anti)ghost and auxiliary fields under the superalgebra sl(1,2) are determined both for irreducible and first-stage reducible theories with closed gauge algebra. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1288496
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanocrystallization of amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 diffusion barrier thin films (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 3618-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The nanocrystallization process in thin amorphous-Ta40Si14N46 films, annealed in the range between 800 and 1000 °C for 1 h, is investigated by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field and energy-dispersive x-ray analyses. At 800 °C clusters of about 2 nm in size indicate that compositional inhomogeneities have developed while the film has still remained structurally amorphous. The sample annealed at 900 °C contains a high density of nanograins of TaN measuring about 2 nm as well as amorphous structures measuring 75–100 nm having a high tantalum content. After annealing at 1000 °C, an almost entirely crystalline structure is observed with 4-nm-sized particles of cubic TaN and 15-nm-sized grains of Ta5Si3. Possible mechanisms driving these structural changes are discussed. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1377626
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrode modification by electron-induced patterning of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 3323-3325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Self-assembled monolayers of ω-(4′-methyl-biphenyl-4-yl)-dodecyl thiol [CH3–C6H4-C6H4–(CH2)12–SH,BP12] on gold were patterned via exposure to 300 eV electrons. Subsequent copper deposition in an electrochemical cell revealed behavior opposite to that of electron beam patterned monolayers of alkanethiols. Whereas alkanethiols act as a positive resist and lead to copper deposition only on irradiated parts, the biphenyl based thiol acts as a negative resist. At the irradiated areas the layer exhibits blocking behavior and copper deposition is observed only on the nonirradiated parts. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1415771
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lava bubble-wall fragments formed by submarine hydrovolcanic explosions on Lō'ihi Seamount and Kīlauea Volcano (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 61 (2000), S. 437-449 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Key words Lava bubble-wall fragments ; Lō'ihi Seamount ; Kīlauea Volcano
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Glassy bubble-wall fragments, morphologically similar to littoral limu o Pele, have been found in volcanic sands erupted on Lō'ihi Seamount and along the submarine east rift zone of Kīlauea Volcano. The limu o Pele fragments are undegassed with respect to H2O and S and formed by mild steam explosions. Angular glass sand fragments apparently form at similar, and greater, depths by cooling-contraction granulation. The limu o Pele fragments from Lō'ihi Seamount are dominantly tholeiitic basalt containing 6.25–7.25% MgO. None of the limu o Pele samples from Lō'ihi Seamount contains less than 5.57% MgO, suggesting that higher viscosity magmas do not form lava bubbles. The dissolved CO2 and H2O contents of 7 of the limu o Pele fragments indicate eruption at 1200±300 m depth (120±30 bar). These pressures exceed that generally thought to limit steam explosions. We conclude that hydrovolcanic eruptions are possible, with appropriate pre-mixing conditions, at pressures as great as 120 bar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008910
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jede endliche Gruppe ist Automorphismengruppe einer endlichen ErweiterungK¦ℚ (1983)
    Springer
    Archiv der Mathematik 41 (1983), S. 139-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-8938
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196869
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray emission from the W UMa system TZ Bootis (1983)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 97 (1983), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract HEAO-B (Einstein) satellite measurements with the Imaging Proportional Counter revealed the W UMa binary system TZ Bootis as an X-ray source. It is estimated that the luminosity ratioL x/Lvof this system is about 10−3.8 indicating that TZ Bootis is in the transition region between A- and W-type W UMa systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653484
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of the ‘red’ globular cluster NGC 1806 in the large magellanic cloud (1982)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 84 (1982), S. 133-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A structural study of the old globular cluster NGC 1806 in the LMC has been carried out by star counts onB- andV-ESO 3.6 m telescope plates with three different limiting magnitude levels. The star density distribution was obtained directly from the surface strip count function with the Plummer formalism and the generalized Schuster law according to Lohmann. This yields beside the central density the structural parametern and the characteristic length parameterR 0 for each individual colour and magnitude level. The results show that the blue stellar content of NGC 1806 — the horizontal branch stars — is more concentrated towards the cluster center than the red giant and subgiant objects. Also such a dynamical mass segregation is observed for the red giants compared with the subgiants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713631
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large Magellanic Cloud loop nebulae and their stellar contents (1980)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 69 (1980), S. 495-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Linear correlations between the diameter log Φ of ring-shaped nebulae and the total number logN of embedded stars for two absolute magnitude levels of −2m and +2m for the LMC have been found. This shows that less luminous stars are also contributing towards the illumination of the nebulae. A method for the determination of relative ages of these loop nebulae is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00661933
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the η production in proton-proton collisions with the COSY time-of-flight spectrometer (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 16 (2003), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS. 25.40.Ve Other reactions above meson production thresholds (energies 400 MeV) – 13.75.Cs Nucleon-nucleon interactions (including antinucleons, deuterons, etc.) – 14.40.Aq π, K, and η mesons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: The reaction pp → ppη was measured at excess energies of 15 and 41 MeV at an external target of the Jülich Cooler Synchrotron COSY with the time-of-flight spectrometer. About 25000 events were measured for the excess energy of 15 MeV and about 8000 for 41 MeV. Both protons of the process ppη were detected with an acceptance of nearly 100% and the η was reconstructed by the missing-mass technique. For both excess energies the angular distributions are found to be nearly isotropic. In the invariant-mass distributions strong deviations from the pure phase space distributions are seen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2002-10079-7
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