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  • Articles  (27)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (13)
  • Springer Nature  (9)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (3)
  • American Geophysical Union  (2)
  • American Geophysical Union (AGU)
  • American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
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  • Articles  (27)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-03-24
    Description: PGC1α drives NAD biosynthesis linking oxidative metabolism to renal protection Nature 531, 7595 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature17184 Authors: Mei T. Tran, Zsuzsanna K. Zsengeller, Anders H. Berg, Eliyahu V. Khankin, Manoj K. Bhasin, Wondong Kim, Clary B. Clish, Isaac E. Stillman, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Eugene P. Rhee & Samir M. Parikh The energetic burden of continuously concentrating solutes against gradients along the tubule may render the kidney especially vulnerable to ischaemia. Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3% of all hospitalized patients. Here we show that the mitochondrial biogenesis regulator, PGC1α, is a pivotal determinant of renal recovery from injury by regulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) biosynthesis. Following renal ischaemia, Pgc1α−/− (also known as Ppargc1a−/−) mice develop local deficiency of the NAD precursor niacinamide (NAM, also known as nicotinamide), marked fat accumulation, and failure to re-establish normal function. Notably, exogenous NAM improves local NAD levels, fat accumulation, and renal function in post-ischaemic Pgc1α−/− mice. Inducible tubular transgenic mice (iNephPGC1α) recapitulate the effects of NAM supplementation, including more local NAD and less fat accumulation with better renal function after ischaemia. PGC1α coordinately upregulates the enzymes that synthesize NAD de novo from amino acids whereas PGC1α deficiency or AKI attenuates the de novo pathway. NAM enhances NAD via the enzyme NAMPT and augments production of the fat breakdown product β-hydroxybutyrate, leading to increased production of prostaglandin PGE2 (ref. 5), a secreted autacoid that maintains renal function. NAM treatment reverses established ischaemic AKI and also prevented AKI in an unrelated toxic model. Inhibition of β-hydroxybutyrate signalling or prostaglandin production similarly abolishes PGC1α-dependent renoprotection. Given the importance of mitochondrial health in ageing and the function of metabolically active organs, the results implicate NAM and NAD as key effectors for achieving PGC1α-dependent stress resistance.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-09-21
    Description: Cross-ethnic meta-analysis identifies association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Nature Communications, Published online: 20 September 2017; doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00471-1 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disease. Here, Wray and colleagues identify association of the GPX3-TNIP1 locus with ALS using cross-ethnic meta-analyses.
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-1723
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 200-201 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENT work on chemotaxis in bacteria (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi-murium) has focused on transducers, a set of membrane proteins that process information about changes in concentration of various sugars and amino acids. Cells lacking any one of these proteins are defective in taxis for ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1270-1272 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] PHOTO-POLAROGRAPHY, originating from the synthesis of photo-chemistry and polarography, records photokinetic-currents caused by photo-depolarizers, as well as their dark reactions. Photo-depolarizers in a restricted sense can be defined as follows. They originate from a photo-reaction, for ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] There are conflicting opinions on whether olfactory acuity is a reliable, reproducible index of appetite, hunger, or satiety. According to Goetzl2, freely selected meals, as well as administration of sucrose solutions, were preceded by increased olfactory acuity and followed by decreased acuity. ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 38 (1992), S. 1871-1880 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic behaviour of an adiabatic tubular plant reactor during the startup is demonstrated, together with the impact of a feed-pump failure of one of the reactants. A dynamic model of the reactor system is presented, and the system response is calculated as a function of experimentally-determined, time-dependent, manipulated variables. The values of model parameters are estimated by using the SimuSolv (1991) computer program. The data set collected during the reactor start-up is used for the parameter estimation procedure. An excellent agreement is obtained between the experimental and the calculated system response. Many continuously-operated commercial reactors require a complete conversion of one of the main reactants at the reactor exit. It is shown that for an industrial tubular reactor a much higher initial reactor temperature is required during the startup, compared to the reactor inlet temperature during normal steady-state operation, to ensure a complete reactant conversion. Much more research is necessary to determine whether this is a generally valid rule.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 503-515 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The safeguarding methodology of chemical plants is usually based on controlling the instantaneous values of process state variables within a certain operating window, the process being brought to shutdown when operating constraints are exceeded. This method does not necessarily prevent chemical reactors suffering from a runaway during dynamic operations because (a) excessive amounts of unreacted chemicals can still accumulate in the process, and (b) no means are provided to the operating personnel to identify hazardous process deviations. A model-based startup and safeguarding procedure is developed for an industrial adiabatic tubular reactor to improve process safety during startup. The trajectories of manipulated variables are calculated by minimizing the amount of one of the main reactants in the reactor effuent. It is concluded that proper control of the initial reactor temperature profile is critical for a safe startup while the impact of other manipulated variables is relatively smaller than that of the initial reactor temperature profile.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 148-158 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Rules are presented for the startup of an adiabatic tubular reactor, based on a qualitative analysis of the dynamic behavior of continuously-operated vapor- and liquid-phase processes. The relationships between the process dynamics, operating criteria, and operating constraints are investigated, since a reactor startup cannot be isolated from an entire plant startup. Composition control of the process material is critical to speed up plant startup operations and to minimize the amount of offgrade materials. The initial reactor conditions are normally critical for a successful startup. For process conditioning, a plant should have an operating mode at which the reactor can be included in a recycle loop together with its feed system and downstream process section. Experimental data of an adiabatic tubular reactor startup and thermal runaway demonstrate some operational problems when such an intermediate operating stage is missing. The derived rules are applied to an industrial, highly heat-integrated reactor section, and the resulting startup strategy is summarized in an elementary-step diagram.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 848-856 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Physico-chemical Analysis of the Hydrolysis of N-(2-Cyanethylene-)ureaBy means of pulse-polarography, infrared and n.m.r.-spectroscopy and electronattachment-mass-spectroscopy the hydrolysis of N-(2-cyanethylene-)urea (BA 1) under relatively mild conditions has been evidenced (pH 5,6 to 9.0; T = 37° C and 22° C). With rising pH value the rate of hydrolysis increases. At pH 5.6 the hydrolysis is very slow (half life time ca. 6 days), but condensation products are already demonstrable. At pH 9.0 nearly all of BA 1 molecules are hydrolysed within 2 days under splitting of the heterocycle and formation of various hydrolysis products. On the middle pH range from 7.3 to 8.3 the formation of 2-cyanaziridine was followed and after cycle splitting various resultant products were observed. The half life time of BA 1 hydrolysis at pH 7.3 and T = 37° C has been determined to 103 ± 1 hours (0.144 m BA 1, phosphate buffer).
    Notes: Mit Pulspolarographie, Infrarot- und NMR-Spektroskopie sowie Elektronenanlagerungs-Massenspektrographie wurde die Hydrolyse von N-(2-Cyanäthylen-)harnstoff (BA 1) unter noch relativ milden Bedingungen (pH 5,6 bis 9,0; T = 37°C und 22°C) nachgewiesen. Die Hydrolysegeschwindigkeit nimmt mit steigendem pH-Wert zu. Bei pH 5,6 erfolgt die Hydrolyse sehr langsam (Halbwertszeit etwa 6 Tage), wobei auch schon Kondensationsprodukte nachweisbar sind. Bei pH 9,0 ist bereits nach 2 Tagen BA 1 unter Ringspaltung weitgehend hydrolysiert, und eine Reihe Kondensationsprodukte sind entstanden. Im mittleren pH-Bereich von 7,3 bis 8,3 wurde das Auftreten von 2-Cyanaziridin, aber auch schon Ringspaltung und hydrolytische Folgeprodukte beobachtet. Die Halbwertszeit der BA 1-Hydrolyse konnte bei pH 7,3, 37°C für eine 0,144 molare Lösung in Phosphatpuffer zu 103 ± 1 h bestimmt werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 522-525 
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polarographic Differentiation between 6-Azalumazines and 1,2,4-Triazines
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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