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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (433)
  • 1995-1999  (433)
  • 1
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    Design of a surface alloy catalyst for steam reforming (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-02
    Description: Detailed studies of elementary chemical processes on well-characterized single crystal surfaces have contributed substantially to the understanding of heterogeneous catalysis. Insight into the structure of surface alloys combined with an understanding of the relation between the surface composition and reactivity is shown to lead directly to new ideas for catalyst design. The feasibility of such an approach is illustrated by the synthesis, characterization, and tests of a high-surface area gold-nickel catalyst for steam reforming.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Besenbacher -- Chorkendorff I -- Clausen -- Hammer -- Molenbroek -- Norskov -- Stensgaard I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 20;279(5358):1913-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉F. Besenbacher and I. Stensgaard, Center for Atomic-scale Materials Physics, Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. I. Chorkendorff and J. K. Norskov, Center for Atomic-scale Materials Physics, Department.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9506937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Decay of the GRB 990123 optical afterglow: implications for the fireball model (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-03-26
    Description: Broad-band (ultraviolet to near-infrared) observations of the intense gamma ray burst GRB 990123 started approximately 8.5 hours after the event and continued until 18 February 1999. When combined with other data, in particular from the Robotic Telescope and Transient Source Experiment (ROTSE) and the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), evidence emerges for a smoothly declining light curve, suggesting some color dependence that could be related to a cooling break passing the ultraviolet-optical band at about 1 day after the high-energy event. The steeper decline rate seen after 1.5 to 2 days may be evidence for a collimated jet pointing toward the observer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castro-Tirado -- Zapatero-Osorio -- Caon -- Cairos -- Hjorth -- Pedersen -- Andersen -- Gorosabel -- Bartolini -- Guarnieri -- Piccioni -- Frontera -- Masetti -- Palazzi -- Pian -- Greiner -- Hudec -- Sagar -- Pandey -- Mohan V -- Yadav -- Nilakshi -- Bjornsson -- Jakobsson -- Burud I -- et -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Mar 26;283(5410):2069-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, IAA-CSIC, Granada, Spain. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain. Astronomical Observatory, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. Nordic Optical Telescope, La Palma, T.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10092226" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 3
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    Biomimetic Pathways for Assembling Inorganic Thin Films (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Living organisms construct various forms of laminated nanocomposites through directed nucleation and growth of inorganics at self-assembled organic templates at temperatures below 100°C and in aqueous solutions. Recent research has focused on the use of functionalized organic surfaces to form continuous thin films of single-phase ceramics. Continuous thin films of mesostructured silicates have also been formed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces through a two-step mechanism. First, under acidic conditions, surfactant micellar structures are self-assembled at the solid/liquid interface, and second, inorganic precursors condense to form an inorganic-organic nanocomposite. Epitaxial coordination of adsorbed surfactant tubules is observed on mica and graphite substrates, whereas a random arrangement is observed on amorphous silica. The ability to process ceramic-organic nanocomposite films by these methods provides new technological opportunities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Aksay -- Trau -- Manne -- Honma I -- Yao -- Zhou -- Fenter -- Eisenberger -- Gruner -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):892-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The authors are at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-5263, USA. I. A. Aksay, M. Trau, and I. Honma are in the Department of Chemical Engineering and the Princeton Materials Institute; S. Manne and N. Yao are in the Princeton Materials Institute; and L. Zhou, P. Fenter, P. M. Eisenberger, and S. M. Gruner are in the Department of Physics and the Princeton Materials Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688064" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 4
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    Role of IQGAP1, a target of the small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1, in regulation of E-cadherin- mediated cell-cell adhesion (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-08-07
    Description: The small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) Cdc42 and Rac1 regulate E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. IQGAP1, a target of Cdc42 and Rac1, was localized with E-cadherin and beta-catenin at sites of cell-cell contact in mouse L fibroblasts expressing E-cadherin (EL cells), and interacted with E-cadherin and beta-catenin both in vivo and in vitro. IQGAP1 induced the dissociation of alpha-catenin from a cadherin-catenin complex in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of IQGAP1 in EL cells, but not in L cells expressing an E-cadherin-alpha-catenin chimeric protein, resulted in a decrease in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesive activity. Thus, IQGAP1, acting downstream of Cdc42 and Rac1, appears to regulate cell-cell adhesion through the cadherin-catenin pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuroda, S -- Fukata, M -- Nakagawa, M -- Fujii, K -- Nakamura, T -- Ookubo, T -- Izawa, I -- Nagase, T -- Nomura, N -- Tani, H -- Shoji, I -- Matsuura, Y -- Yonehara, S -- Kaibuchi, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Aug 7;281(5378):832-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Signal Transduction, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0101, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9694656" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cadherins/*metabolism ; *Cell Adhesion ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*metabolism ; GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; GTPase-Activating Proteins ; L Cells (Cell Line) ; Mice ; Mutation ; Proteins/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; *Trans-Activators ; alpha Catenin ; beta Catenin ; cdc42 GTP-Binding Protein ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Metapopulation dynamics, abundance, and distribution in a microecosystem (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-09-25
    Description: The experimental fragmentation of landscapes of a natural ecosystem resulted in declines in the abundance and distribution of most species in the multispecies animal community inhabiting the landscapes and the extinction of many species. These declines caused the deterioration of the positive interspecific relation between local population abundance and distributional extent in this community. However, when patches were connected by habitat corridors, an immigration "rescue effect" arrested declines in both abundance and distribution and maintained the observed positive relation between them. These results demonstrate the importance of metapopulation dynamics and landscape connectivity for the persistence of populations in fragmented landscapes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gonzalez -- Lawton -- Gilbert -- Blackburn -- Evans-Freke I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Sep 25;281(5385):2045-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. Gonzalez, J. H. Lawton, T. M. Blackburn, National Environment Research Council Centre for Population Biology, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK. F. S. Gilbert and I. Evans-Freke, School of Biological Sciences, University Park, Nottingh.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9748167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 6
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    Test of general relativity and measurement of the lense-thirring effect with two earth satellites (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-04-08
    Description: The Lense-Thirring effect, a tiny perturbation of the orbit of a particle caused by the spin of the attracting body, was accurately measured with the use of the data of two laser-ranged satellites, LAGEOS and LAGEOS II, and the Earth gravitational model EGM-96. The parameter &mgr;, which measures the strength of the Lense-Thirring effect, was found to be 1.1 +/- 0.2; general relativity predicts &mgr; identical with 1. This result represents an accurate test and measurement of one of the fundamental predictions of general relativity, that the spin of a body changes the geometry of the universe by generating space-time curvature.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciufolini I -- Pavlis -- Chieppa -- Fernandes-Vieira -- Perez-Mercader -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2100-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉I. Ciufolini, Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, and Dipartimento Aerospaziale, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," via Eudossiana 16, 00184 Rome, Italy. E. Pavlis, Joint Center for Earth System Technolo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516109" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 7
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    Particle nucleation in the tropical boundary layer and its coupling to marine sulfur sources (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-10-02
    Description: New particle formation in a tropical marine boundary layer setting was characterized during NASA's Pacific Exploratory Mission-Tropics A program. It represents the clearest demonstration to date of aerosol nucleation and growth being linked to the natural marine sulfur cycle. This conclusion was based on real-time observations of dimethylsulfide, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid (gas), hydroxide, ozone, temperature, relative humidity, aerosol size and number distribution, and total aerosol surface area. Classic binary nucleation theory predicts no nucleation under the observed marine boundary layer conditions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Clarke -- Davis -- Kapustin -- Eisele -- Chen -- Paluch I -- Lenschow -- Bandy -- Thornton -- Moore -- Mauldin -- Tanner -- Litchy -- Carroll -- Collins -- Albercook -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Oct 2;282(5386):89-92.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉A. D. Clarke, V. N. Kapustin, K. Moore, M. Litchy, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA. D. Davis, F. Eisele, G. Chen, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atl.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9756483" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 8
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    Digital logic gate using quantum-Dot cellular automata (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-04-09
    Description: A functioning logic gate based on quantum-dot cellular automata is presented, where digital data are encoded in the positions of only two electrons. The logic gate consists of a cell, composed of four dots connected in a ring by tunnel junctions, and two single-dot electrometers. The device is operated by applying inputs to the gates of the cell. The logic AND and OR operations are verified using the electrometer outputs. Theoretical simulations of the logic gate output characteristics are in excellent agreement with experiment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Amlani I -- Orlov -- Toth -- Bernstein -- Lent -- Snider -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 9;284(5412):289-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA. Neuromorphic Information Technology Graduate Center, Budapest, Kende-u.13, H-1111, Hungary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10195887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 9
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    Impact of El Nino and logging on canopy tree recruitment in borneo (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-12-11
    Description: Dipterocarpaceae, the dominant family of Bornean canopy trees, display the unusual reproductive strategy of strict interspecific mast-fruiting. During 1986-99, more than 50 dipterocarp species dispersed seed only within a 1- to 2-month period every 3 to 4 years during El Nino-Southern Oscillation events. Synchronous seed production occurred across extensive areas and was essential for satiating seed predators. Logging of dipterocarps reduced the extent and intensity of these reproductive episodes and exacerbated local El Nino conditions. Viable seed and seedling establishment have declined as a result of climate, logging, and predators. Since 1991, dipterocarps have experienced recruitment failure within a national park, now surrounded by logged forest.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Curran -- Caniago I -- Paoli -- Astianti -- Kusneti -- Leighton -- Nirarita -- Haeruman -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 10;286(5447):2184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology and School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. U.S. Agency for International Development-Natural Resource Management, Pontianak, West Kalimantan 78121, Indonenia. D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10591655" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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  • 10
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    Evidence for a ubiquitous seismic discontinuity at the base of the mantle (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-11-13
    Description: A sharp discontinuity at the base of Earth's mantle has been suggested from seismic waveform studies; the observed travel time and amplitude variations have been interpreted as changes in the depth of a spatially intermittent discontinuity. Most of the observed variations in travel times and the spatial intermittance of the seismic triplication can be reproduced by a ubiquitous first-order discontinuity superimposed on global seismic velocity structure derived from tomography. The observations can be modeled by a solid-solid phase transition that has a 200-kilometer elevation above the core-mantle boundary under adiabatic temperatures and a Clapeyron slope of about 6 megapascal per kelvin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidorin I -- Gurnis -- Helmberger -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Nov 12;286(5443):1326-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Seismological Laboratory 252-21, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10558981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
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