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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oceanography Flow charts (2000)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 408 (2000), S. 153-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Space-borne instruments have revolutionized research on the circulation patterns and strengths of the oceans. For instance, a satellite can observe all of the world's oceans in less than ten days. With radar technology, it can measure the shape of the sea surface and provide observations on the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35041669
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oceanic signals in observed motions of the Earth's pole of rotation (1998)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 391 (1998), S. 476-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Motion of the Earth's pole of rotation relative to its crust, commonly referred to as polar motion, can be excited by a variety of geophysical mechanisms. In particular, changes in atmospheric wind and mass fields have been linked to polar motion over a wide range of timescales, but substantial ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35126
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  • 3
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    Quality assessment of spaceborne sea surface salinity observations over the northern North Atlantic (2015)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 120 (1). pp. 94-112.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-09-28
    Description: Spaceborne sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements provided by the European Space Agency's (ESA) “Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity” (SMOS) and the National Aeronautical Space Agency's (NASA) “Aquarius/SAC-D” missions, covering the period from May 2012 to April 2013, are compared against in situ salinity measurements obtained in the northern North Atlantic between 20°N and 80°N. In cold water, SMOS SSS fields show a temperature-dependent negative SSS bias of up to −2 g/kg for temperatures 〈5°C. Removing this bias significantly reduces the differences to independent ship-based thermosalinograph data but potentially corrects simultaneously also other effects not related to temperature, such as land contamination or radio frequency interference (RFI). The resulting time-mean bias, averaged over the study area, amounts to 0.1 g/kg. A respective correction applied previously by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the Aquarius data is shown here to have successfully removed an SST-related bias in our study area. For both missions, resulting spatial structures of SSS variability agree very well with those available from an eddy-resolving numerical simulation and from Argo data and, additionally they also show substantial salinity changes on monthly and seasonal time scales. Some fraction of the root-mean-square difference between in situ, and SMOS and Aquarius data (approximately 0.9 g/kg) can be attributed to short time scale ocean processes, notably at the Greenland shelf, and could represent associated sampling errors there.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    On the generation and role of eddy variability in the central North Atlantic Ocean: Results from surface drifters satellite altimetry and numerical modelling (1994)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 99 (C10). pp. 20381-20391.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: Sources of near-surface oceanic variability in the central North Atlantic are identified from a combined analysis of climatology, surface drifter, and Geosat altimeter data as well as eddy-resolving math formula and math formula Community Modeling Effort North Atlantic model results. Both observational and numerical methods give a consistent picture of the concentration of mesoscale variability along the mean zonal flow bands. Three areas of high eddy energy can be found in all observational data sets: the North Equatorial Current, the North Atlantic Current, and the Azores Current. With increasing horizontal resolution the numerical models give a more realistic representation of the variability in the first two regimes, while no improvement is found with respect to the Azores Current Frontal Zone. Examination of the upper ocean hydrographic structure indicates baroclinic instability to be the main mechanism of eddy generation and suggests that the model deficiencies in the Azores Current area are related to deficiencies in the mean hydrographic fields. A linear instability analysis of the numerical model output reveals that instability based on the velocity shear between the mixed layer and the interior is also important for the generation of the mid-ocean variability, indicating a potential role of the mixed layer representation for the model. The math formula model successfully simulates the northward decrease of eddy length scales observed in the altimeter data, which follow a linear relationship with the first baroclinic Rossby radius. An analysis of the eddy-mean flow interaction terms and the energy budget indicates a release of mean potential energy by downgradient fluxes of heat in the main frontal zones. At the same time the North Atlantic Current is found to be supported by convergent eddy fluxes of zonal momentum.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Initialization and ensemble generation for decadal climate predictions: A comparison of different methods (2019)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    In:  Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 11 . pp. 149-172.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Five initialization and ensemble generation methods are investigated with respect to their impact on the prediction skill of the German decadal prediction system "Mittelfristige Klimaprognose" (MiKlip). Among the tested methods, three tackle aspects of model‐consistent initialization using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), the filtered anomaly initialization (FAI) and the initialization method by partially coupled spin‐up (MODINI). The remaining two methods alter the ensemble generation: the ensemble dispersion filter (EDF) corrects each ensemble member with the ensemble mean during model integration. And the bred vectors (BV) perturb the climate state using the fastest growing modes. The new methods are compared against the latest MiKlip system in the low‐resolution configuration (Preop‐LR), which uses lagging the climate state by a few days for ensemble generation and nudging toward ocean and atmosphere reanalyses for initialization. Results show that the tested methods provide an added value for the prediction skill as compared to Preop‐LR in that they improve prediction skill over the eastern and central Pacific and different regions in the North Atlantic Ocean. In this respect, the EnKF and FAI show the most distinct improvements over Preop‐LR for surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content, followed by the BV, the EDF and MODINI. However, no single method exists that is superior to the others with respect to all metrics considered. In particular, all methods affect the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in different ways, both with respect to the basin‐wide long‐term mean and variability, and with respect to the temporal evolution at the 26° N latitude.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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    Format: text
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