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  • Chemistry  (40)
  • pest management  (3)
  • 1975-1979  (20)
  • 1965-1969  (23)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: III. Stimulation ofTrichogramma achaeae,T. pretiosum, andMicroplitis croceipes with host-seeking stimuli at time of release to improve their efficiency (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 431-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: kairomones ; Trichogramma achaeae ; Trichogramma pretiosum ; Microplitis croceipes ; Heliothis Spp. ; host-seeking stimuli ; insect behavior ; releasers ; pest management ; biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Frass from larvae of the corn earworm,Heliothis zea (Boddie) and scales fromH. zea moths (that are known to contain the host-seeking stimulus, tricosane) stimulate and orient host-seeking activity in femaleMicroplitis croceipes (Cresson), a larval parasite ofH. zea, andTrichogramma spp., egg parasites ofH. zea. When larval frass, moth scales, and tricosane were used as sign stimuli (releasers) forM. croceipes, T. pretiosum (Riley), andT. achaeae Nagaraji and Nagarkatti, respectively, at time of their release from laboratory containers, parasite performance improved, resulting in significantly increased rates of parasitization over that of unstimulated parasites. Stimulation ofM. croceipes with larval frass had an overriding effect on this parasite's innate tendency to disperse upon release, thereby increasing the numbers remaining and prolonging their retention in the target area. Supplying the appropriate host-seeking stimuli to these 3 hymenopterous parasites ofH. zea at time of their release to improve their efficiency greatly increases the probability of their effective utilization in pest management systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988584
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects: II. Mechanisms causing increase in rate of parasitization byTrichogramma spp. (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 1 (1975), S. 349-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma achaeae ; Heliothis zea ; biological control ; kairomones ; pest management ; parasitoids ; host finding ; insect behavior ; pheromones ; behavior chemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract When the effect of the kairomone, tricosane, on parasitization byTrichogramma achaeae Nagaraja and Nagarkatti of eggs ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) was studied in petri dish tests, the greatest percentage parasitization ( $$\mathop X\limits^\_$$ = 64%) was obtained if the entire filter paper was treated. Treatment of smaller areas (about the eggs) resulted in decreased parasitism. In the greenhouse, highest parasitization ( $$\mathop X\limits^\_$$ = 71%) byT. pretiosum (Riley) ofH. zea eggs placed on pea seedlings grown in pie pans was obtained if the whole pan was treated; lowest parasitism ( $$\mathop X\limits^\_$$ = 29%) occurred when the pans were untreated. Parasitization was intermediate ( $$\mathop X\limits^\_$$ = 52%) in other pans treated only at selected spots. Dissections ofH. zea eggs collected from kairomonetreated and untreated field plots revealed that eggs ofTrichogramma spp. were more efficiently distributed (less superparasitism) among host eggs in treated plots. These kairomones increase parasitization ofTrichogramma spp. by releasing and continuously reinforcing an intensified searching behavior rather than by attracting and guiding the parasite directly to the host.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988837
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 5 (1979), S. 673-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Trichogramma ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae ; kairomone ; Heliothis zea ; biological control ; pest management ; parasitoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A kairomone from adultHeliothis zea (Boddie) scales is an important factor in the host selection process ofTrichogrammapretiosum Riley. If the host density is sufficiently high (i.e., 1 egg/500 cm2) and higher), a complete coverage or solid treatment of kairomone spray may be the optimum for increasing parasitization rates, but this is not the case at lower host densities (e.g., 1 egg/2000 cm2). At the lower densities, the kairomone must be distributed in such a way as to retain the parasitoids in the target area without inhibiting their movement from one ovi-position site to the next. Simulated moth scale particles appear to fill this need since their density can be regulated to provide the optimum frequency of parasitoid stimulation and thus maximum rates of parasitization at prevailing host densities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00986552
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. XXXI. Zur Reaktion von N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylchlorformamidiniumchlorid mit P-III-Verbindungen (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 320 (1978), S. 389-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: α-Substituted Phosphonates. XXXI. The Reaction of N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl Chloroformamidinium Chloride with P(III) CompoundsN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethyl chloroformamidiniumchloride (4) does not react with triethyl phosphite (TEP) or isopropyl diphenylphosphinate to give the expected bisphosphoryl derivatives 7 and 11, respectively, but primarily the monophosphorylated amidinium salts 6 and 10 respectively. The phosphine oxide 10 is stable, while 6 undergoes an elimination of ethyl chloride to the betain 8. Even under more drastic conditions the reaction of 4 or 8 with TEP does not lead to the expected bis(dimethylamino)bisphosphonate 7, but to the monoaminated bisphosphonate 1, involving a reduction step. Similar reduction has been observed under mild conditions in Michaelis-Arbusov reaction of dichloromethylenimonium chloride, yielding the expected trisphosphonate 2 and the bisphosphonate 1 as a by-product.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200305
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. VII. Zur Reaktion von Orthoameisensäureestern mit Phosphor-III-Verbindungen (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 311 (1969), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Phosphortrichlorid und verschiedenen Orthoameisensäureestern bzw. Orthopropionsäureester wurden Dialkoxyalkanphosphonsäuredialkylester 2 bzw. 3 gewonnen. Phosphorigsäure-dialkyl- bzw. -diphenyl-ester-chloride reagieren mit Orthoameisensäureester zu Diäthoxymethanphosphonsäureestern mit verschiedenen Substituenten an Phosphor und Kohlenstoff (4), Phosphorigsäure-alkyl-bzw. -arylester-dichloride analog zu Derivaten mit verschiedenen Resten am Phosphor (10). Cyclische Phosphorigsäureester-chloride geben neben ringoffenen Phosphonsäureestern hauptsächlich höhermolekulare Produkte.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19693110406
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    α-Substituierte Phosphonate. VIII. Zur Reaktion von Dimethylformamidderivaten mit Phosphorigsäurediestern und Phosphinoxiden (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 311 (1969), S. 577-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aus Dimethylformamiddimethylacetal (3) und Phosphorigsäuredialkylestern bzw. sek. Phosphinoxiden sind Bis-phosphono- bzw. -phosphinyldimethyl-amino-methane (8 bzw. 14) zugänglich. 8 entsteht auch aus Phosphorigsäure-trialkylestern und Dimethylformamid-dichlorid. Bei der Reaktion von Phosphorigsäuredialkylestern mit Dimethylformamid-dithioacetalen sind α-di-substituierte Phosphonsäureester zugänglich, die sich entweder in 8 oder in Phosphinyl-phosphonsäureester umwandeln lassen.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19693110407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über α-substituierte Phosphonate. IX. Derivate des Formylphosphonsäurediäthylesters (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 311 (1969), S. 925-929 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: O,N-Acetale 1 des bisher unbekannten Formylphosphonsäureesters wurden aus Phosphorigsäuredialkylester und Dimethylformamidacetal bzw. aus Na-Phosphorigsäuredialkylester und Dimethylformamid-Dimethylsulfat-Komplexen dargestellt. 1 ist entweder direkt oder über die hieraus mit thionylchlorid erhältlichen Immoniumsalze 4 in Bis-phosphonsäureester 5 überführbar.Aus Tetramethylformamidinium-methylsulfat und Na-Phosphorigsäuredialkylester wurde das N,N-Acetal 9 des Formylphosphonsäureesters dargestellt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19693110610
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notiz zur Synthese unsymmetrisch substituierter Derivate der Diäthoxymethanphosphonsäure [1]Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult. Alfred Rieche zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 319 (1977), S. 343-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19773190223
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    O, O- und S, S-Acetale von Formylphosphoniumsalzen (1978)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 320 (1978), S. 128-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: O,O- and S,S-Acetals of FormylphosphoniumsaltsFor the synthesis of O,O- resp. S,S-acetals (4) of formylphosphoniumsalts, which are not known as free formylderivatives, is described a simple method, consisting in reaction of tert. phosphin with orthoester and acetyl-halide. O,O-Diarylacetals of the type 4 can be synthesized from tert. phosphine and diaryloxychlormethane.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19783200116
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bestimmung der Relativen Autoxydationsgeschwindigkeiten verschiedener Kohlenwasserstoffe durch Konkurrenzreaktion (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 35 (1967), S. 236-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die relativen Autoxydationsgeschwindigkeiten der cis/trans-Isomeren von Decalin, 1,2-Dimethylcyclohexan und 1,3-Dimethylcyclohexan wurden durch Konkurrenzreaktion mit Sauerstoff bei 105-130° bestimmt. Tertiäre C—H-Bindungen in äquatorialer Stellung werden leichter angegriffen als solche in axialer Stellung; ke: ka liegt zwischen 2,0 und 2,5.Für 34 repräsentative Kohlenwasserstoffe wurden die relativen Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten nach der Methode der Konkurrenzreaktion ermittelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19670350503
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