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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
  • 1970-1974  (165)
  • 1
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    Six-color photometry of Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione and Tethys (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Six-color photometric observations made during Saturn's 1972/73 opposition enable us to separate the solar phase and orbital phase contributions to the observed light variations of Iapetus, Titan, Rhea, Dione and Tethys. Titan shows no orbital variations, but has phase coefficients which range from negligible values in the infrared to 0.014 mag/deg in the ultraviolet. Rhea has a bright leading side, a light curve amplitude of about 0.2 mag, and surprisingly large phase coefficients. Combined with other available information, the observations suggest a very porous, texturally complex surface layer. Dione has a leading side which is a few tenths of a magnitude brighter than the trailing side, but the light curve amplitude has little wavelength dependence and the phase coefficients are significantly smaller than those of Rhea, suggesting a less intricate surface texture. The leading side of Tethys is probably a few tenths of a magnitude brighter than the trailing side. Our Iapetus observations generally supplement the earlier work by Millis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Nov. 197
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Aircraft observations of Venus' near-infrared reflection spectrum - Implications for cloud composition (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A comparison of aircraft-based measurement data on Venus' near-infrared (1.2- to 4.1-micron) reflection spectrum with computer generated spectra of a number of cloud candidates shows a 75-% or more concentrated water solution of sulfuric acid to give the only acceptable match to the profile of Venus' strong 3-micron absorption feature. However, the measurement data obtained also show a modest decline in reflectivity from 2.3-micron to 1.2-micron wavelength, which is inconsistent with the flat spectrum of sulfuric acid in this spectral region. It is hypothesized that this decline is due to impurities in the sulfuric acid droplets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Sept
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  • 3
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    Jupiter's radiation belts and upper atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Models of Jupiter's radiation belts have been constructed to determine the distribution of particles and their energies which will produce the observed decimetric radio emission. Data on the spectrum and the variation of emission with Jovian longitude have been used to show that the relativistic particles have a nearly isotropic distribution with high energies (of order 100 MeV) within 2 Jovian radii and a very flat distribution in the equatorial plane of low energy particles further out in the magnetosphere. Subtraction of the emission predicted by this model from the total radio emission shows that the thermal contribution in the frequency range between 3000 and 10,000 MHz is somewhat less than had been previously expected. (The brightness temperature of the planetary disk is 180 K at 3,000 MHz, for example.) This suggests that the ammonia mixing ratio in Jupiter's upper atmosphere may be as high as 0.002.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Exploration of the planetary system; Symposium; Sep 05, 1973 - Sep 08, 1973; Torun; Poland
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  • 4
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    Elevation profiles of the moon (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Five MHz radar data obtained from the Apollo 17 mission are used to determine elevation profiles of the moon. A change in range of one quarter of a wavelength (15 m for the 5 MHz radar) changes the round-trip radar range one half wavelength or 180 deg, thus allowing determination of the relative surface profile or slope with a high degree of precision. The technique of deriving the range or altimetry measurement from the range-Doppler data record on film yields a better understanding of the range accuracy. The presence of fade intervals can be observed directly and their effect on the profile measurement reduced to a minimum. The maria used to generate the center of maria are Western Procellarum, Serenitatis, and Crisium. The location of the center of mare relative to the center of figure and center of mass is identified.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 5
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    Petrology of the highlands massifs at Taurus-Littrow - An analysis of the 2-4 mm soil fraction (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The petrography, phase chemistry, and Ar-40/Ar-39 ages of 2-4 mm fragments from the soils of both mare and highlands stations sampled by Apollo 17 are studied. It is found that the massifs consist of a complex stratigraphy of interlayered noritic breccias of varying metamorphic grades, melt rocks, and anorthositic rocks. A stratigraphic correlation of the lithologies within the North Massif and the South Massif is carried out. The petrogenesis of rock types with respect to thermal and impact history is discussed. The observed spinel cataclasites may represent relatively deep material sampled by the Serenitatis event.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Science Conference; Mar 18, 1974 - Mar 22, 1974; Houston, TX
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  • 6
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    Surface electrical properties experiment, part 2 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: For abstract, see N75-15570.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-141472
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
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    Surface electrical properties experiment, part 1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The work is reported which was performed on the Surface Electrical Properties Experiment Data Acquisition System. Areas discussed include: data handling and processing, installation and external signal application, operation of the equipment, and digital output. Detailed circuit descriptions are included.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-141471
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  • 8
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    Radiative property data for Venusian entry: A compendium (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A compilation of experimental and calculated data on the radiative properties of species important in Venusian entry is presented. Molecular band systems, atomic lines, free-bound continua, and free-free continua are considered for the principal radiating species of shock-heated carbon dioxide. Data pertinent to the species in the ablation layer are included. The Venus atmosphere so closely approximates pure carbon dioxide (CO2) that the inviscid layer radiation is due almost entirely to thermally excited CO2. Data are included on the violet band system of the cyanogen radical CN. Recommendations are made as to best property values for radiative heating calculations. A review of the basic equations and the relationships of the various emission-absorption gas properties is included.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-SP-348 , LC-74-600096
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  • 9
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    Rb-Sr age and content of potassium, rubidium strontium, barium, and rare earths in surface material from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Luna 16 automatic station returned from the Sea of Fertility a 35 cm long column of lunar surface material. 1 g of the Luna 16 lunar surface material, taken at a depth of 22 cm, consists of fine material: surface material and fine fragments of rocks from 1 to 4 mm in diameter. Analyses made on 17 mg of the fine lunar surface material are presented. The results obtained for the Luna 16 surface material are plotted on the diagram of the isotopic evolution of strontium and show that this surface material is most depleted of radiogenic Sr-87 of all the known lunar surface materials and that the point characterizing Lunar 16 lies somewhat to the right of the line corresponding to an age of 4.6 billion years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 436-440
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  • 10
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    Petrology of basalt and single-mineral fragments in the soil of the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Basalt and single-mineral particles, ranging from 150 to 425 microns, from the Luna-16 sample are studied by electron microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and petrographic techniques. Three basalt species of different structure are identified. The structure and composition of the individual minerals (in particular of pyroxenes) indicate that the basalts have crystallized under conditions similar to those established for Apollo-11 samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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