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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyimides ; reflectivity ; moisture absorption ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Water absorption in thin films (〈1000 Å) of a commercial polyimide was evaluated by monitoring dimensional changes induced by a humid environment. Film thickness was measured using x-ray reflectivity, which is a nondestructive technique offering angstrom resolution in the measurements of thin film or multilayer thickness. The effect of several variables on the absorption of moisture were monitored in polyimide films adhered to polished silicon substrates, including total dry film thickness, exposure time, and the contribution of a coupling agent. The percentage increase in film thickness due to moisture uptake is found to be a weak function of dry film thickness, decreasing as dry film thickness increases, and to be somewhat affected by the use of an interfacial coupling agent. The observed behavior points to the polymer/substrate interface as a strong factor controlling the absorption of moisture in the polyimide/silicon system, and is believed to reflect the presence of a highly moisture-saturated interfacial layer. A bilayer model is proposed, and the feasibility of using this model to describe the observed behavior is considered. Published 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 155-162, 1998
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-04-02
    Description: Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors. These cells displayed a stable phenotype and remained as a monolayer in vitro. These adult stem cells could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages. Individual stem cells were identified that, when expanded to colonies, retained their multilineage potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pittenger, M F -- Mackay, A M -- Beck, S C -- Jaiswal, R K -- Douglas, R -- Mosca, J D -- Moorman, M A -- Simonetti, D W -- Craig, S -- Marshak, D R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 2;284(5411):143-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Osiris Therapeutics, 2001 Aliceanna Street, Baltimore, MD 21231-3043, USA. mpittenger@osiristx.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10102814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/*cytology ; Adult ; Apoptosis ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes/*cytology ; Fibroblasts/cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mesoderm/*cytology ; Middle Aged ; Osteocytes/*cytology ; Phenotype ; Stem Cells/*cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 111 (1999), S. 619-632 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title reaction is examined with classical and statistical (RRKM, SACM) mechanics on an ab initio three-dimensional global potential energy surface of the lowest adiabatic electronic state of NO2. The energy-resolved rate constants obtained within different theoretical frameworks are compared with each other and with the available experimental data. The question of the transition state definition in this barrierless reaction is analyzed and the applicability of the statistical hypothesis is discussed. Although the rate of internal vibrational energy redistribution is estimated to be larger than 5 ps−1 at the quantum dissociation threshold, which is much larger than the dissociation rate, a substantial fraction of classical trajectories remains regular. This causes statistical transition-state-like theories to overestimate the actual dissociation rate defined from the full classical dynamics calculations. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 50 (1999), S. 443-484 
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this overview we discuss the vibrational spectrum of phosphaethyne, HCP, in its electronic ground state, as revealed by complementary experimental and theoretical examinations. The main focus is the evolution of specific spectral patterns from the bottom of the potential well up to excitation energies of approximately 25,000 cm-1, where large-amplitude, isomerization-type motion from H-CP to CP-H is prominent. Distinct structural and dynamical changes, caused by an abrupt transformation from essentially HC bonding to mainly PH bonding, set in around 13,000 cm-1. They reflect saddle-node bifurcations in the classical phase space-a phenomenon well known in the nonlinear dynamics literature-and result in characteristic patterns in the spectrum and the quantum-number dependence of the vibrational fine-structure constants. Two polar opposites are employed to elucidate the spectral patterns: the exact solution of the Schrodinger equation, using an accurate potential energy surface and an effective or resonance Hamiltonian (expressed in a harmonic oscillator basis set and block diagonalized into polyads), which is defined by parameters adjusted to fit either the measured or the calculated vibrational energies. The combination of both approaches-together with classical mechanics and semiclassical analyses-provides a detailed spectroscopic picture of the breaking of one bond and the formation of a new one.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 11 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: High-resolution textural signatures of an earthquake-induced historical ‘homogenite’ layer are presented, as well as its 3D distribution. This homogeneous deposit is correlated with the AD 1822 event (VII–VIII MSK intensity), the main historical earthquake of the French outer Alps, using 210Pb dating and historical chronicles. During this earthquake a violent lake water oscillation was reported (seiche effect). In the present study we discuss the influence of lake water oscillations during earthquake-induced subaqueous slide, through a pluridisciplinary analysis of subbottom sediments including high-resolution seismic, sidescan sonar and short gravity coring.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 103 (1972), S. 482-491 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Au-diffundierten, Phosphor-dotierten Si-Scheiben wurden durch Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie feine Ausscheidungsteilchen beobachtet, von denen angenommen wurde, daß sie aus einer Au−P-Verbindung bestehen. Um die für eine Identifizierung dieser Ausscheidung mittels Elektronenbeugung notwendigen Daten der Kristallstruktur zu eihalten, wurde eine geringe Menge von Au2P3-Einkristallen durch eine Gasphasentransportreaktion der Elemente hergestellt. Die erhaltenen Kristalle wurden chemisch und durch Röntgenbeugung untersucht. Weiters wurden Aussagen über die Morphologie und die Stabilität der Au2P3-Kristalle erhalten.
    Notes: Abstract Fine precipitate particles assumed to consist of a Au−P compound were observed by transmission electron microscopy in Au-diffused phosphorus-doped Si-wafers. To obtain crystal structure data required for an electron diffraction identification of this precipitate, a small amount of Au2P3 single crystals was grown from the elements by a vapor transport method and analyzed by chemical and X-ray diffraction methods. In addition, information on the morphology and stability of Au2P3 crystals was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 122-130 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Tetracycline ; Development ; Calcification ; Statolith ; Nematocysts ; Aurelia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet de la tétracycline HCl sur la synthèse de statolithes de sulfate de calcium chezAurelia a été étudié. La tétracycline inhibe la synthèse de statolithes et nématocystes à un stade précoce de strobilation. La tétracycline, cependant, n'est pas incorporée dans les statolithes ou nématocystes en formation. Comme la tétracycline ne se combine pas avec le calcium des statolithes de sulfate de calcium dihydraté d'Aurelia, l'explication des effets d'inhibition sur la différenciation de statolithes et nématocystes ne semble pas liée avec un facteur en rapport avec l'incorporation. Des étudesin vitro de quatre systèmes inorganiques de calcium et de tétracycline montrent que le sulfate de calcium dihydraté (gypse) n'incorpore pas la tétracycline: il en est de même de son équivalent isostructural, le phosphate de calcium hydrogéné dihydraté (brushite). Le carbonate de calcium et le phosphate de calcium (apatite) incorpore la tétracycline. L'explication des différences de comportement du calcium peut être liée à la structure cristalline des composés respectifs, et, en particulier, au fait que l'ion Ca est prêt ou non à réagir avec la tétracycline.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die Wirkung von Tetracyclinchlorhydrat auf die Synthese von Calciumsulfat-Statolithen beiAurelia berichtet. Wird das Tetracyclin in einem Frühstadium der Strobilation verabreicht, so hemmt es die Synthese der Statolithen und der Nematocysten. Das Tetracyclin wird jedoch nicht in die sich bildenden Statolithen oder Nematocysten eingebaut. Da sich das Tetracyclin nicht mit dem Calcium der Calciumsulfatdihydrat-Statolithen derAurelia verbindet, so kann dessen Hemmwirkung auf die Statolithen und die sich differenzierenden Nematocysten offenbar nicht mit einem einbaubedingten Faktor erklärt werden. Untersuchunge, die in vitro mit vier verschiedenen anorganischen Calciumsalzen und Tetracyclin ausgeführt wurden, zeigten, daß weder Calciumsulfatdihydrat (Gips), noch dessen isotrukturelles Aequivalent Calciumhydrogenphosphatdihydrat (Bruschit) Tetracyclin einbauen. Dagegen inkorporieren Calciumcarbonat und Calciumphosphat (Apatit) das Tetracyclin. Die Erklärung für dieses unterschiedliche Verhalten der Calciumsalze findet sich in der Kristallstruktur der betreffenden Verbindungen, d.h. es hängt davon ab, ob das Calciumion ür die Reaktion mit Tetracyclin leicht verfügbar ist.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of tetracycline HCl on synthesis of calcium sulphate statoliths inAurelia is reported. Tetracycline inhibits synthesis of statoliths and nematocysts when administered at an early stage of strobilation. The tetracycline, however, is not incorporated into the developing statoliths or nematocysts. As the tetracycline does not combine with the calcium of the calcium sulfate dihydrate statoliths ofAurelia, an explanation for its inhibitory effects on statoliths and nematocyst differentiation apparently does not rest with an incorporation-related factor. In vitro studies of four inorganic calcium systems and tetracycline revealed that calcium sulfate dihydrate (gypsum) did not incorporate tetracycline nor did its isostructural equivalent, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (brushite). Calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate (apatite) did incorporate tetracycline. The explanation for these different behaviors of calcium can be found in the crystal structure of the respective compounds, namely, whether or not the Ca ion is readily available to react with tetracycline.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Cell wall proteins ; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii ; Gamete-specific genes ; Gene expression patterns ; Hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Gametic differentiation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a two-step process, which is controlled by the sequential action of the two extrinsic signals, nitrogen starvation and blue light. The gamete-specific genes GAS28 and GAS29 are expressed in the late phase of gametogenesis. Their light-induced expression is restricted to cells that have completed the first, nitrogen starvation-activated, phase of differentiation. A comparison of the two genes revealed striking similarities as well as differences. Their most prominent shared feature is an extended sequence homology of over 90% in their 5′-untranslated regions, suggesting a role in translational regulation. GAS28 and GAS29 both encode hydroxyproline-rich proteins (HRGPs) of very similar sizes that exhibit typical features of volvocalean cell wall constituents. GAS28 shows a high degree of homology with the Volvox pherophorin gene family, suggesting a relationship between these genes.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS:24.60.Dr Statistical compound-nucleus reactions – 25.70.Gh Compound nucleus – 25.70.Jj Fusion and fusion-fission reaction – 25.70.-z Low and intermediate energy heavy-ion reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: Fusion-fission and fully energy-damped binary processes of the 35Cl+24Mg reaction were investigated using particle-particle coincidence techniques at a 35Cl bombarding energy of Elab≈ 8 MeV/nucleon. Inclusive data were also taken in order to determine the partial wave distribution of the fusion process. The fragment-fragment correlation data show that the majority of events arises from a binary-decay process with a relatively large multiplicity of secondary light-charged particles emitted by the two primary excited fragments in the exit channel. No evidence is observed for ternary-breakup processes, as expected from the systematics recently established for incident energies below 15 MeV/nucleon and for a large number of reactions. The binary-process results are compared with predictions of statistical-model calculations. The calculations were performed using the Hauser-Feshbach method, based on the available phase space at the scission point of the compound nucleus. This new method uses temperature-dependent level densities and its predictions are in good agreement with the presented experimental data, thus consistent with the fusion-fission origin of the binary fully-damped yields.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1997-12-09
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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