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BACTERIAL COUNTS ON SURFACES OF CARCASSES AND IN GROUND BEEF FROM CARCASSES SPRAYED OR NOT SPRAYED WITH HYPOCHLOROUS ACID (1979)

JOHNSON, M. G. ; TITUS, T. C. ; McCASKILL, LINDA H. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 44 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Bacterial counts were compared for samples from three groups of beef from two different sources. Group 1 samples were from choice forequarters as received, then sprayed with HOC1 (200 mg/L, pH 6.0–6.5, 7.03 kg/cm2, 12 set at 16°C). Group 2 samples served as controls and were from choice forequarters from the same lot as group 1 but not sprayed. Group 3 samples were from frozen boneless lean domestic and imported beef, Surface strip and ground beef samples from groups 1 and 2 had aerobic plate counts (APC) and lactic acid bacteria counts (LABC) that were not significantly different, P 〈 0.001. Conversely, strip and ground beef samples from group 3 had APC and LABC that were significantly higher, P 〉 0.001, than those for the control, group 2, samples. Also, the coli-form and coagulase positive S. aureus counts were also significantly higher for the group 3 ground beef samples. Thus, the hypochlorous acid spray treatment of beef forequarters did not appear to yield ground beef with better bacteriological quality than the unsprayed forequarters from the same source, perhaps because the initial bacterial count was already so low. The higher surface APC of the lean boneless beef, group 3, was reflected in the higher initial APC of the ground beef prepared from that source.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1979.tb10033.x

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TEMPORAL VARIATION IN THE NUTRIENT EXPORT OF RIVERS DRAINING INTO THE BAY OF QUINTE, ONTARIO, CANADA (1979)

Minns, C. K. ; Johnson, M. G.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of the American Water Resources Association 15 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1752-1688

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography

Notes: : Annual exports of total phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total nitrogen are presented for the period 1965–1974, for five rivers draining into the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario.The export values are typical for the physiography and land use though the results indicate that soluble reactive phosphorus exports for the four largest rivers have been declining. Also the variation in export of total phosphorus and total nitrogen is highly correlated with variation in annual runoff. This is noted as being a factor deserving more attention in future efforts to classify nutrient export values in relation to land use and geology.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1979.tb01084.x

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Effects of single or split applications of nitrogen fertilizer to in situ sugar-beet seed plants in the spring of their second year's growth (1977)

Longden, P. C. ; Johnson, M. G.

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of Agricultural Science. 1977; 89(3): 609-620. Published 1977 Dec 01. doi: 10.1017/s0021859600061402.

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Publication Date: 1977-12-01

Description: SummaryNine field experiments (1970–5) investigated the effects of single or split applications of nitrogen fertilizer in February, March, April and May to in situ sugar-beet seed plants in their second year's growth. All experiments were within commercial crops of existing multigerm and monogerm varieties grown on fertile, deep soils in south Lincolnshire, north Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire and on shallow limestone soils in the Cotswolds.Yield of seed averaged over years and sites ranged from 4·3 to 4·6 t/ha and so was not affected by nitrogen treatments, which also did not noticeably delay harvest. The usable proportion of seed from multigerm crops was 350–650 g/kg, and from monogerm ones 90–200 g/kg but neither was affected by nitrogen treatment. Application of nitrogen in May reduced laboratory germination by about 3% and seedling emergence in the field by about 5 seedlings per 100 fruits sown. The proportion of single seedlings fmonogermity') was not affected by nitrogen treatments, although it was affected by the monogerm or multigerm nature of the crop. An attempt to assess seed vigour was made by determining average seedling weight when grown in the field in the year following harvest, but results were inconsistent. Leaf petiole nitrate concentrations declined progressively throughout the season, but were increased by about a quarterin the month following nitrogen application. At all times they were large and probably not limiting growth. The test had no value for predicting nitrogen application rates or times.In practice it appears that the spring top dressing of nitrogen fertilizer should be made as a single application at the end of February or as soon as possible thereafter.

Print ISSN: 0021-8596

Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Published by Cambridge University Press

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Establishment and growth of sugar beet as affected by seed treatment and fluid drilling (1979)

Longden, P. C. ; Johnson, M. G. ; Darby, R. J. ; [et al.]

Cambridge University Press

In: Journal of Agricultural Science. 1979; 93(3): 541-552. Published 1979 Dec 01. doi: 10.1017/s0021859600038946.

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Publication Date: 1979-12-01

Description: SUMMARYSeed treatments and methods of sowing sugar beet were tested in the laboratory and in field trials in 1975, 1976 and 1977 on a range of soil types including a sand, several loams and a peat.‘Advancing’ the seed by controlled imbibition of water followed by drying before sowing, gave 2–3 % more emergence. Seedlings appeared 3–4 days earlier and were up to 50 % heavier at the four to six leaf stage, but by final harvest yields of sugar per unit area were similar from advanced and untreated seed. ‘Priming’ in osmotic solutions of salts or polyethylene glycol, to bring all seeds to the point of germination, before drying back and sowing gave inconsistent effects in the field with emergence percentage frequently being below that of the control. Steeping seed in water, aimed at removing germination inhibitors, improved germination and reduced the time to, and duration of, germination when tested in the laboratory but gave poorer results than the untreated control in the field. ‘Chitting’ the seed in the laboratory greatly improved emergence characteristics but treatment effects in the field were very variable. Chitted seeds were sown in carrier gels in the field to try to protect the radicles from damage but seedling establishment was no better from fluid drilling than from normal dry seed sown ‘raw’ or pelleted in clay, even when only chitted seeds were put into the fluid. Possible reasons for this are discussed.Fluid-drilled seeds consistently gave quicker emergence and larger seedlings. Even when these were 30–50 % heavier, differences had usually become negligible by the end of the average 230 days long growing season, so that sugar yields were not consistently affected by the treatments tested.

Print ISSN: 0021-8596

Electronic ISSN: 1469-5146

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition