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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-07-31
    Description: BRCA1 encodes a tumor suppressor that is mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers. Here, it is shown that BRCA1 interacts in vitro and in vivo with hRad50, which forms a complex with hMre11 and p95/nibrin. Upon irradiation, BRCA1 was detected in discrete foci in the nucleus, which colocalize with hRad50. Formation of irradiation-induced foci positive for BRCA1, hRad50, hMre11, or p95 was dramatically reduced in HCC/1937 breast cancer cells carrying a homozygous mutation in BRCA1 but was restored by transfection of wild-type BRCA1. Ectopic expression of wild-type, but not mutated, BRCA1 in these cells rendered them less sensitive to the DNA damage agent, methyl methanesulfonate. These data suggest that BRCA1 is important for the cellular responses to DNA damage that are mediated by the hRad50-hMre11-p95 complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Q -- Chen, C F -- Li, S -- Chen, Y -- Wang, C C -- Xiao, J -- Chen, P L -- Sharp, Z D -- Lee, W H -- CA 30195/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Jul 30;285(5428):747-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 15355 Lambda Drive, San Antonio, TX 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10426999" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Nucleus/*metabolism ; Cell Survival ; *DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair Enzymes ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Gamma Rays ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Humans ; Methyl Methanesulfonate/pharmacology ; Mutagens/pharmacology ; Mutation ; *Nuclear Proteins ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Recombination, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1995-11-03
    Description: The BRCA1 gene product was identified as a 220-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein in normal cells, including breast ductal epithelial cells, and in 18 of 20 tumor cell lines derived from tissues other than breast and ovary. In 16 of 17 breast and ovarian cancer lines and 17 of 17 samples of cells obtained from malignant effusions, however, BRCA1 localized mainly in cytoplasm. Absence of BRCA1 or aberrant subcellular location was also observed to a variable extent in histological sections of many breast cancer biopsies. These findings suggest that BRCA1 abnormalities may be involved in the pathogenesis of many breast cancers, sporadic as well as familial.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Y -- Chen, C F -- Riley, D J -- Allred, D C -- Chen, P L -- Von Hoff, D -- Osborne, C K -- Lee, W H -- CA58318/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- EY05758/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA58183/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Nov 3;270(5237):789-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio 78245, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7481765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; BRCA1 Protein ; Base Sequence ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/ultrastructure ; Cell Fractionation ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cytoplasm/*chemistry ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Ovarian Neoplasms/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant/chemistry/pathology ; Transcription Factors/*analysis/genetics/metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1709-1711 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 51 (1995), S. 1712-1714 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 29 (1997), S. 893-898 
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The modified coupled averaged propagation equations describing the orthogonally polarized soliton propagation in a random birefringent fibre are derived. These include the third-order dispersion and Raman shift terms. Using these equations, the effects of the third-order dispersion and Raman shift terms are found to reduce the soliton interactions in a polarization-division multiplexing transmission system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1998-04-28
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 1999-04-13
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1975-12-23
    Description: We examine two-dimensional motion of a stably stratified fluid containing two solutes with different molecular diffusivities in an inclined slot. The two solutes have continuous opposing gradients with the slower-diffusing one more dense at the bottom. It is found that, in the steady state, there exists a slow upward flow along the slope driven by the slight buoyancy difference near the wall, not unlike the solution found by Phillips (1970) for a single solute. The magnitude of the flow is less than that in Phillips’ solution by a factor of approximately (1-λ)/(1-λτ), where λ is the ratio of the density gradient and τ−1 is the ratio of the diffusivity of the faster-diffusing solute to that of the slower-diffusing one. For the time-dependent flow resulting from switching on the diffusivities at t = 0, there may be a dramatic reversal of the flow near the walls depending on the relative magnitude of λ and τ. If λ is somewhat greater than τ, the initial flow is downward, along the slope, reaching a maximum magnitude about one order of magnitude greater than the steady-state value. Then the ‘reverse’ flow gradually diminishes and approaches the steady state rather slowly. For λ ≳ τ, the approach to the steady state is monotonic; there is no ‘reverse’ flow near the wall. The existence of the downward flow, which was observed by Turner & Chen (1974), may lead to double-diffusive instabilities which eventually result in horizontal convecting layers. © 1975, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1977-11-01
    Description: The two-dimensional motion of a stably stratified fluid containing two solutes with different molecular diffusivities in an inclined slot has recently been examined by Chen (1975, hereafter referred to as I). The two solutes have continuous opposing gradients with the slower-diffusing one more dense at the bottom. It is found that, in the steady state, there exists a slow upward flow along the slope driven by the slight buoyancy difference near the wall, not unlike the solution found by Wunsch (1970) and Phillips (1970) for a single solute. For the time-dependent flow resulting from switching on the diffusivities at t = 0, there may be a flow reversal near the wall depending on the relative magnitude of λ and τ (where λ is the ratio of the density gradient and τ−1 is the ratio of the diffusivity of the faster-diffusing solute T to that of the slower-diffusing one S). By examining the distributions of S and T across the slot, it becomes apparent that in cases with flow reversal double-diffusive instability is likely to occur. In this paper, we examine the stability of time-dependent double-diffusive convection in an inclined slot both analytically and experimentally. The time-dependent perturbation equations are numerically integrated starting with an initial distribution of small random disturbances in the vorticity. The growth or decay of the kinetic energy of the perturbations serves to indicate whether the flow is unstable or stable. The results show that the flow becomes more unstable (a) with increasing λ at a given angle of inclination with respect to the vertical and (b) with increasing angle of inclination at a given value of λ. Experiments were carried out in a 2.54 cm wide slot using sugar and salt solutions at angles of inclination of 30°, 45° and 60°. Results obtained confirm the trends predicted by the analysis. Good agreement was obtained between the predicted and the experimental values of the critical wavelength for the case λ = 0.7. © 1977, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1995-11-25
    Description: The effect of surface tension on the onset of convection in a horizontal double-diffusive layer was studied both experimentally and by linear stability analysis. The experiments were conducted in a rectangular tank with base dimension of 25 x 13 cm and 5 cm in height. A stable solute (NaCl) stratification was first established in the tank, and then a vertical temperature gradient was imposed. Vertical temperature and concentration profiles were measured using a thermocouple and a conductivity probe and the flow patterns were visualized by a schlieren system. Two types of experiments were carried out which illustrate the effect of surface tension on the onset of convection. In the rigid-rigid experiments, when the critical thermal Rayleigh number, RT, is reached, large double-diffusive plumes were seen simultaneously to rise from the heated bottom and descend from the cooled top. In the rigid-free experiments, owing to surface-tension effects, the first instability onset was of the Marangoni type. Well-organized small plumes were seen to emerge and persist close to the top free surface at a relatively small RMT (where subscript M denotes ‘Marangoni’). At larger RbT 〉 RtT (where subscript t denotes ‘top’) these plumes evolved into larger double-diffusive plumes. The onset of double-diffusive instability at the bottom region occurred at a still higher RbT 〉 RtT (where subscript b denotes ‘bottom’), A series of stability experiments was conducted for a layer with an initial top concentration of 2wt% and different concentration gradients. The stability map shows that in the rigid-free case the early Marangoni instability in the top region reduces significantly the critical RT for the onset of double-diffusive convection. Compared with the rigid-rigid case, the critical RT in the top region is reduced by about 60 % and in the bottom region by about 30%. The results of the linear stability analysis, which takes into account both surface-tension and double-diffusive effects, are in general agreement with the experiments. The analysis is then applied to study the stability characteristics of such a layer as gravity is reduced to microgravity level. Results show that even at 10-4go, where g0is the gravity at sea level, the double-diffusive effect is of equal importance to the Marangoni effect. © 1995, Cambridge University Press. All rights reserved.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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