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  • 1980-1984  (15)
  • 1
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    Observations of Optical Lighting Emissions from above Thunderstorms Using U-2 Aircraft (1983)
    American Meteorological Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0003-0007
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-0477
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Published by American Meteorological Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Lightning observations from the Space Shuttle (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Motion pictures were taken at night from the space shuttle that show lightning discharges spreading horizontally at speeds of .00001 m/sec for distances over 60 km. Tape recordings were made of the accompanying optical pulses detected with a photocell optical system. The observations show that lightning is often a mesoscale phenomenon that conveys large amounts of electric charge and energy derived from an extensive cloud system into a cloud-to-ground discharge. Several video tape recordings of lightning discharges were obtained on shuttle flights since the termination of the NOSL program. The size and location of the lightning illuminated cloud images is now being analyzed, and comparisons are made with meteorological data concerning the cloud system obtained from the McIDAS.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 111
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Nocturnal thunderstorms were observed from above and features of cloud structure and lightning which are not generally visible from the ground are discussed. Most, lightning activity seems to be associated with clouds with strong convective cauliflower tops. In both of the storms lightning channels were visible in the clear air above the cloud. It is shown that substances produced by thunderstorm electrical discharges can be introduced directly into the stratosphere. The cause and nature of the discharges above the cloud are not clear. They may be produced by accumulations of space charge in the clear air above the cloud. The discharges may arise solely because of the intense electric fields produced by charges within the cloud. In the latter case the ions introduced by these discharges will increase the electrical conductivity of the air above the cloud and increase the conduction current that flows from the cloud to the electrosphere. More quantitative data at higher resolution may show significant spectral differences between cloud to ground and intracloud strokes. It is shown that electric field change data taken with an electric field change meter mounted in an airplane provide data on lightning discharges from above that are quite similar to those obtained from the ground in the past. The optical signals from dart leaders, from return strokes, and from continuing currents are recognizable, can be used to provide information on the fine structure of lightning, and can be used to distinguish between cloud to ground and intracloud flashes.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center NASA(MSFC FY-84 Atmospheric Processes Res. Rev.; p 91-92
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Lightning to the ionosphere (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is pointed out that most lightning discharges take place within clouds or between clouds and the ground. There are a few reports, however, of a much rarer form of lightning that has been observed to come out of the top of the thunderstorm cloud and extend vertically for some distance into the clear air above it. A description is presented of the observations of such an incident made by a NASA pilot. The incident occurred when the pilot was flying a T-38 jet aircraft at an altitude of about 40,000 feet over Amarillo in Texas. The pilot found himself behind an extremely fast-moving very large cold front. A large number of lightning flashes could be seen. While most of the lightning flashes were typical, approximately every 50th or 100th discharge would go from the top of a cloud vertically upwards through the clear air towards the ionosphere. Explanations for these observations are discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Weatherwise; Apr. 198
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Photographs of lightning from the Space Shuttle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The equipment used in the Nighttime Daytime Optical Survey of Lightning experiment, carried out on the second and fourth Space Shuttle missions, is described. Attention is then given to one of the more spectacular lightning photographs, that of a Y-shaped discharge taken by Thomas K. Mattingly II on the night of June 29, 1982, over southern Brazil. Since the orientation of the camera with respect to the earth is not known, the scale of the photograph cannot be determined accurately. If the camera had been looking directly down from the vehicle at its altitude of 300 km, the Y-shaped pattern would be approximately 60 km long and 40 km wide. If, as is thought probable, the camera was not looking directly down, the pattern would have somewhat greater dimensions. The photographs show that illumination from lightning discharges can cover a rather wide area.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 64
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Observations of optical lightning emissions from above thunderstorms using U-2 aircraft (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In order to determine how to achieve orders of magnitude improvement in spatial and temporal resolution and in sensitivity of satellite lightning sensors, better quantitative measurements of the characteristics of the optical emissions from lightning as observed from above tops of thunderclouds are required. A number of sensors have been developed and integrated into an instrument package and flown aboard a NASA U-2 aircraft. The objectives have been to acquire optical lightning data needed for designing the lightning mapper sensor, and to study lightning physics and the correlation of lightning activity with storm characteristics. The instrumentation and observations of the program are reviewed and their significance for future research is discussed.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society; vol. 64
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Low light level TV images of lightning from space (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 65; 373
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Nighttime observations of thunderstorm electrical activity from a high altitude airplane (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Photographs from a NASA U-2 airplane flying over nocturnal thunderstorms show frequent lightning activity in the upper part of the cloud. In some cases, unobscured segments of lightning channels 1 km or longer are visible in clear air around and above the cloud. Multiple images of lightning channels indicate multiple discharges in the same channel. Photographs taken through a diffraction grating show that the lightning has a spectrum similar to that observed in the lower troposphere. Lightning spectra obtained with a slitless line-scan spectrometer show strong singly ionized nitrogen emissions at 463.0 and 500.5 nm. Field changes measured with an electric field-change meter correlate with pulses measured with a photocell optical system. Optical signals corresponding to dart leader, return stroke, and continuing current events are readily distinguished in the scattered light emerging from the cloud surface. The variation of light intensity with time in lightning events is consistent with predicted modification of optical lightning signals by clouds. It appears that satellite based optical sensor measurements cannot provide reliable information on current rise times in return strokes. On the other hand, discrimination between cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes and the counting of ground strokes is possible using the optical pulse pairs which have been identified with leader, return-stroke events in the cloud-to-ground flashes studied.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-86455 , NAS 1.15:86455
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Mesoscale observations of lightning from Space Shuttle (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Motion pictures have been taken at night by astronauts on the space shuttle showing lightning discharge that spread horizontally at speeds of 100,000/msec for distances over 60 km. Tape recordings have been made of the accompanying optical pulses detected with a photocell optical system. The observations show that lightning is often a mesoscale phenomena that can convey large amounts of electric charge to Earth from an extensive cloud system via a cloud to ground discharge.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-86451 , NAS 1.15:86451
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    NASA thunderstorm overflight program: Atmospheric electricity research. An overview report on the optical lightning detection experiment for spring and summer 1983 (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This report presents an overview of the NASA Thunderstorm Overflight Program (TOP)/Optical Lightning Experiment (OLDE) being conducted by the Marshall Space Flight Center and university researchers in atmospheric electricity. Discussed in this report are the various instruments flown on the NASA U-2 aircraft, as well as the ground instrumentation used in 1983 to collect optical and electronic signatures from the lightning events. Samples of some of the photographic and electronic signatures are presented. Approximately 4132 electronic data samples of optical pulses were collected and are being analyzed by the NASA and university researchers. A number of research reports are being prepared for future publication. These reports will provide more detailed data analysis and results from the 1983 spring and summer program.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-TM-86468 , NAS 1.15:86468
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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