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Narrow row cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under saline conditions (1982)

Francois, L. E.

Springer

Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 149-156

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), although known to be one of the most salt tolerant crops, shows a significant reduction in plant size and yield when grown on highly saline soils. A field plot study was therefore conducted to determine the feasibility of increasing yield on highly saline soils by increasing population density by decreasing the distance between rows. Three row widths and four salinity levels were imposed on a nonsaline Pachappa fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxerall). Canopy closure, plant height, earliness, and several yield components were measured. A significant yield increase was obtained at all salinity levels by decreasing the distance between rows from 102 to 86 or 71 cm.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446003

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Sprinkling-induced foliar injury to pepper plants: Effects of irrigation frequency, duration and water composition (1982)

Maas, E. V. ; Clark, R. A. ; Francois, L. E.

Springer

Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 101-109

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary This study was conducted to determine the conditions and causes of foliar salt absorption and injury from sprinkler irrigation with saline water. Bell pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L. cv. Yolo Wonder B) grown in covered nutrient solution cultures in the greenhouse were sprinkled daily with NaCl and CaCl2 waters for up to 10 weeks. Unsprinkled plants grown in nonsaline, and in one experiment, saline cultures were compared with plants sprinkled with waters containing different concentrations of NaCl and/or CaCl2. Both the frequency and duration of sprinkling (up to 32 min each day) were tested. The results showed that Ca2+, Na+, and Cl− were readily absorbed through the leaves at rates that were essentially linear functions of salt concentration and duration of sprinkling. Increasing frequency of sprinkling increased salt uptake and injury more than increasing duration. Sprinkling with either NaCl or CaCl2 waters was more toxic to pepper than mixtures of the two salts. Although CaCl2 was more toxic than NaCl, low concentrations of Ca2+ ameliorated the detrimental effects of NaCl waters. Foliar analyses indicated that leaf injury was not correlated with Cl− accumulation. It appeared that it was caused directly by excessive cation accumulation or indirectly by the resultant ionic imbalance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264853

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3

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Effects of salinity on germination, growth and yield of cowpea (1982)

Wests, D. W. ; Francois, L. E.

Springer

Irrigation science 3 (1982), S. 169-175

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ISSN: 1432-1319

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Adequate information on salt tolerance is lacking for cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), a crop grown under both dryland and irrigated conditions. A two-year field plot study was conducted to determine the responses of both the vegetative and dry seed yield of cowpea to a range of soil salinities. Four salinity levels were imposed each year on a Pachappa fine sandy loam (mixed, thermic, Mollic Haploxeralf). Vegetative growth, dry seed yield, and several components of seed yield were measured. Vegetative yield was decreased more by increasing soil salinity than was dry seed yield. Vegetative growth was reduced 9.0% for each unit increase in electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract beyond a threshold value of 1.6 dS/m. Dry seed yield was reduced 12% for each unit increase beyond 4.9 dS/m. Fewer pods per plant accounted for nearly all of the seed yield reduction associated with increasing salinity levels. Germination was significantly reduced when electrical conductivity in sand cultures exceeded 12.0 dS/m.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446005

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