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  • 1980-1984  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of increasing shoal size on handling time in goldfish, Carassius auratus L. (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 25 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: It is a general assumption that handling time is a constant, given an unvarying size relationship between predator and prey, and an unchanging hunger level. These results indicate that handling times for a pellet of food shown by individual members of a shoal of goldfish decrease by some 20% as the number of fish in the shoal increases from two to 15. Two mechanisms for this reduction are suggested, both of which could act simultaneously. First, there is greater competition for available food resources in a larger shoal and, second, the reduced need for vigilance in a larger shoal will enable individuals to devote more effort to the handling of their food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1984.tb04902.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish in larger shoals find food faster (1982)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 10 (1982), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments on shoaling cyprinids hunting for food on patches in tanks demonstrate and advantage of foraging in a group. Individual goldfish (Carassius auratus) and minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) in a shoal of conspecifics located food more rapidly as shoal size increased from 2 to 20. although shoaling minnows form polarised schools more readily than goldfish, which rarely do so, both species benefited from the trend of speedier food location with increasing group size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300175
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Foraging, timidity and shoal size in minnows and goldfish (1983)
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 12 (1983), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The behaviour of individual minnows (Phoxinus phoxinus) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) foraging on an artificial food patch was recorded for single species shoals of 2, 4, 6, 12 and 20 fish. In both species shoal size accounted for most variation in behaviour in the experiments. The behaviour of individual goldfish differed more than that of individual minnows, a result that can be explained by the weaker shoaling tendency of goldfish. ‘Timid’ behaviour, for example lurking in the weeds or rapid darting and turning, predominated in small shoals. It was only in large shoals that fish made frequent and lengthy visits to the patch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343206
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