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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (421)
  • 1980-1984  (421)
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Keywords
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A CP-MAS NMR study of some deactivation methods in capillary gas chromatography (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 7 (1984), S. 607-614 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, GC ; Fused silica capillary columns ; CP-MAS NMR ; Silylation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The effect of temperature, water content, and the type of reagent on the silylation of fused silica capillaries was studied by 29Si and 13C CP-MAS NMR. Fumed silica (Cab-O-Sil M5), which is essentially a highly dispersed vitreous quartz with a surface comparable to that of fused silica capillary columns, was selected as a model material.Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and 1,2-diphenyl-1,1,3,3-tetraphenyldisilazane (DPTMDS), which were used as silylation reagents, yielded trimethyl- and dimethylphenylsilyl surface groups respectively at lower temperatures (〈 350°C and 〈250°C respectively). At higher temperatures, increasingly more dimethylsilyl groups are formed, with the silicon bound to two oxygen atoms. This process occurs for DPTMDS at a considerably lower temperature than for HMDS. The formation of silyl groups on the surface and the disappearance of hydroxyl groups are followed independently. The 13C NMR and GC-MS of the reaction products showed that with DPTMDS, the formation of two Si-O-Si links is accompanied by a loss of phenyl groups rather than of methyl groups.After the Cab-O-Sil had been dried over P2O5, the formation of these double links occurred for HMDS only at temperatures above 460°C and for DPTMDS at 400°C. Thus we concluded that water supplies oxygen atoms for double Si-O-Si links (possibly crosslinks) necessary for efficient deactivation. This may explain the less successful silanization of fused silica capillaries because their water content is lower than that of glass capillaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240071102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small effect on the rate of complexation of some dialkyl-2,2′-bipyridyl-5,5′-dicarboxylates with the ion of Ni(II) in methanol (1982)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Chemical Kinetics 14 (1982), S. 599-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 0538-8066
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Physical Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of formation of the 1:1 complexes of some dialkyl-2,2′-bipyridyl-5,5′-dicarboxylates with the ion of Ni(II) have been determined by the stopped-flow spectrophotometric method. Second-order formation rate constants have been correlated with the Taft modification of the Hammett equation. A linear regression has been found (P = 0.95 confidence) with the following characteristics: slope = -0.6 ± 0.1; intercept = 1.32 ± 0.02 (log k0). An inductive effect of the alkyl groups upon the reaction of the complexation is proposed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/kin.550140515
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting secondary nucleation rate of sodium chloride in an evaporative crystallizer (1982)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 28 (1982), S. 728-737 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Crystallization kinetics of sodium chloride have been studied in a Continuous Mixed Suspension Mixed Product Removal evaporative crystallizer at 50°C. A marine propeller was found to give a substantially lower nucleation rate than a pitched blade impeller under identical conditions. The crystal turnover time did not affect the effective nucleation rate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690280505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of a continuous culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae to variation of temperature (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 231-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220118
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Computer-aided noninterfering on-line technique for monitoring oxygen-transfer characteristics during fermentation processes (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 1605-1621 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The role of computers in the monitoring and control of fermentation processes has increased steadfastly. The ultimate utility of the machines will not depend on the availability of online sensors but also on the availability of techniques that combine direct measurements, leading towards estimates of variable closely related to the microbial process or its control. In this article, a methodology for on-line and noninterfering evaluation of the volumetric mass-transfer coefficient Kla is developed. A detailed presentation of the procedure, called “the static method,” is given. Its feasibility is proved through implementation of the method on an antibiotic fermentation process. These experiments indicate that operator actions meant to modify the oxygen-transfer conditions can be checked on-line. The quantitative value of the static method is ascertained by comparing the experimental results with Kla estimates obtained with the “gassing-out” method. A sensitivity analysis was carried out, revealing the need for temperature and pressure corrections and showing that the precision of the oxygen analyzer determines the precision of the static method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260240713
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleated assembly of mitotic microtubules in living PTK2 cells after release from nocodazole treatment (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1981), S. 469-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; nucleation ; mitosis ; nocodazole ; immunocytochemistry ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The reassembly of microtubules is described in mitotic cells after release from nocodazole-induced block. The formation of microtubules was followed by light microscopic immunocytochemical staining using the PAP method, combined with to-luidine blue staining of the chromatin. The light microscopic observations on whole cells were compared with ultrastructural observations on thin sections. This step is essential to ascertain complete destruction of microtubules during the nocodazole treatment and to correlate immunocytochemical staining with the presence of microtubules.Removal of nocodazole (10 or 1 μg/ml) after a sufficiently long incubation to induce a complete disappearance of microtubules resulted in the appearance of tubulin staining specifically associated with the centromeres and with one or two isolated points in the cytoplasm. Electron microscopy confirmed that the staining was due to the massive accumulation of small microtubules at the kinetochores and centrosomes. Kinetochore nucleation was seen only in association with condensed metaphase-stage chromosomes and not with the less-condensed prophase chromosomes.In a second type of experiment cells were allowed to enter mitosis in the presence of an incompletely active concentration of nocodazole (0.1 μg/ml). The construction of the mitotic spindle was arrested; however, short microtubules were assembled at the kinetochores and centrosomes.These experiments demonstrate that in living mitotic PTK2 cells the kinetochores, as well as the centrosomes, exert a nucleating action on tubulin assembly.The further elongation of microtubules after removal of nocodazole was seen to occur preferentially along axes between the centrosomes and the kinetochores. This resulted in the construction of normal metaphases that evolved through anaphase and telophase. We have attempted to formulate a hypothesis that may explain the oriented assembly that seems to be essential in the construction of the spindle.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010407
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aromatic polyamides with imide pendent groupsPresented in part at the IUPAC Symposium on Macromolecules, Strasbourg, July 1981. (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 111 (1983), S. 17-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Aromatische Polyamide mit Imidseitengruppen wurden aus 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylether und Imid-Disäurechloriden durch Lösungspolykondensation hergestellt. Die verwendeten Imid-Disäurechloride umfaßten die Disäurechloride von 5-Maleinimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Dichlormaleinimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Tetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Hexachlorendomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Endomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, 5-Methylenendomethylentetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalsäure, und 5-Phthalimidoisophthalsäure. Das reine aromatische Polyamid aus 4,4′-Diaminodiphenylether und Isophthaloylchlorid wurde zu Vergleichszwecken ebenfalls hergestellt.Polyamidimide sind in polaren organischen Lösungsmitteln löslich und zeigen gute thermische Beständigkeit. Sie können Filme bilden, die gute mechanische Eigenschaften haben. Diejenigen Polyamidimide, die ungesättigte Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen enthalten, können durch Erhitzen auf 220°C vernetzen und geben unlösliche Materialien mit verbesserter mechanischer Festigkeit.
    Notes: Aromatic polyamides with imide pendent groups were prepared from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether and imide-diacid chlorides by solution polycondensation. Imidediacid chlorides used included the diacid chlorides of 5-maleimidoisophthalic, 5-dichloromaleimidoisophthalic, 5-tetrahydrophthalimidoisophthalic, 5-chlorendimidoisophthalic, 5-nadimidoisophthalic, 5-methylnadimidoisophthalic and 5-phthalimidoisophthalic acid. The pure aromatic polyamide from 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether and isophthaloyl chloride was also prepared for comparative reasons.Polyamide-imides are soluble in polar organic solvents and show good thermal resistance. They are film-forming and the films have good mechanical properties. Those polyamide-imides which contain unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds may be crosslinked by heating to 220°C, giving rise to insoluble materials with improved mechanical resistance.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1983.051110102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of α-Cyanoenamines by Cyanation of α-Bromoimmonium Bromides and Dehydrobromination of β-bromo-α-(dialkylamino)nitriles (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3846-3857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese von α-Cyanenaminen durch Cyanierung von α-Bromimmonium-bromiden und Dehydrobromierung von β-Brom-α-(dialkylamino)nitrilenDie Reaktion der α-Bromimmonium-bromide 4 mit Kaliumcyanid in Dimethylformamid gibt β-Brom-α-(dialkylamino)nitrile 5, die in verschiedenen Base-Lösungsmittel-Systemen zu (E)- und (Z)-α-Cyanenaminen 2 dehydrobromiert werden. Eine Modifizierung einer kürzlich veröffentlichten Synthese von α-Cyanenaminen 2 aus Aldehyden über Enamine führte zu einer verbesserten und schnellen Methode für die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen.
    Notes: The reaction of α-bromoimmonium bromides 4 with potassium cyanide in dimethylformamide gave rise to β-bromo-α-(dialkylamino)nitriles 5, which were dehydrobrominated in various basesolvent systems to afford (E)- and (Z)-α-cyanoenamines 2. An adaption of a previously published preparation of α-cyanoenamines starting from aldehydes via enamines led to an improved, efficient and fast synthesis of the title compounds.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831161208
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facile Synthesis of 2-Alkoxy-2-aryloxiranes (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 3631-3636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine einfache Darstellung von 2-Alkoxy-2-aryloxiranenTertiäre (α-Bromalkyl)arylketone 1 reagierten mit überschüssigem Kaliumcarbonat in trockenem Alkohol ausschließlich zu den entsprechenden 2-Alkoxy-2-aryloxiranen 4. Silbercarbonat in trockenem Alkohol führte in einer Konkurrenzreaktion zur Bildung von 4 und zu einer semibenzilischen Favorskii-Umlagerung (→5). Dagegen trat mit Silber-hexafluoroantimonat ausschließlich die letztere Umlagerungsreaktion ein.
    Notes: Tertiary α-bromoalkyl aryl ketones 1 were converted into 2-alkoxy-2-aryloxiranes 4 exclusively by reaction with excess potassium carbonate in the corresponding dry alcohol. Silver carbonate in a dry alcohol with these α-bromo ketones yielded competitively formation of 2-alkoxyoxiranes and semi-benzilic Favorskii rearrangement (→5), while silver hexafluoroantimonate in the same medium afforded the latter rearrangement reaction exclusively.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831161112
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of the kinetics of the reaction of NiO and Al2O3 to NiAl2O4 by Rutherford backscattering (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 5 (1983), S. 119-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A quantitative evaluation of RBS data resulted in data for the parabolic reaction rate constants for the reaction between Al2O3 and NiO at temperatures from 960°C up to 1105°C. The activation energy and the preexponential factor were in good agreement with literature data. The experimental data of this work also permitted a detailed description of reaction mechanisms on a microscopic level. The reaction between Al2O3 and NiO starts with penetration of Al3+ ions along the grain boundaries of NiO, followed by counter-diffusion of Ni2+ ions. A thin spinel layer (NiAl2O4) is formed at the Al2O3/NiO interface, after a relatively short nucleation period. The reaction then proceeds, both by lateral and perpendicular diffusion. In an appendix, the detailed evaluation procedure of the spectra was described.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740050308
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