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  • 1990-1994  (34)
  • 1980-1984  (27)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Environmental geology 5 (1983), S. 151-157 
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sedimentation rates were determined by210Pb in three sediment cores from the main basin of Lake Constance. Rates vary from 0.094 to 0.133 g cm−2y−1, in agreement with previous determinations. A constant radionuclide flux (CR) model reveals long-term, quasi-synchronous fluctuations of sedimentation rate on the basin-wide scale. On average, the rate of sedimentation remains much the same from the beginning of this century indicating little effect of human activity in the watershed on fine-silt sediment supply. The anthropogenic fluxes of Zn, Pb, and Cd in the three cores are compared and the application of210Pb as a heavy metal tracer in Lake Constance is examined. It seems to be a very good tracer for Pb, moderately good for Zn and Cu, and not useful for Cd.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: 210Pb dating ; Lead ; Sediments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Two sediment cores (BO90/13b and BO90/17b) from Lake Constance were investigated byγ-spectrometry for210Pb,134Cs,137Cs,241Am,234Th, and other members of the238U decay chain. The sediments were dated using the constant-flux model for210Pb, and accumulation rates were determined. These range from 0.04 to 0.65g/cm 2/yr (BO90/13b) and 0.04 to 0.8g/cm 2/yr (BO90/17b), respectively. The mean accumulation rate amounts to 0.16g/cm 2/yr for both cores. The cores had already been dated by lamination counting and reconstruction of high-water events at the Limnological Institute at Constance, so that a very precise time scale was available. Both ages derived are in agreement within statistical error up to 1900, which means dating with the constant-flux model for210Pb was confirmed up to that age. The position of the maxima of bomb cesium and americium confirm the stratigraphic and210Pb datings. With241Am a further radioactive isotope is available, which can, due to the half-life of241Pu (t 1/2=14.4yr) be detected now byγ-spectrometry and can serve as an additional time indicator, the maximum being dated at 1963. By applying the various time scales, the depth profiles of stable lead and zinc of core BO90/13b were dated. Both heavy metals show a very significant maximum located beneath the layer of the maxima of bomb cesium and americium, showing that these maxima are older than those of the bomb isotopes. It is remarkable in this context that the maximum of zinc concentration occurs a little later than that of stable lead. Similar concentration profiles are observable in core BO90/17b and other, older sediment cores (CS6-CS10) on a transect across the lake. In contrast to a former assumption, the depth profile of stable lead in Lake Constance sediments does not reflect the anthropogenic gasoline lead emissions into the atmosphere for Germany, their maximum being dated at 1971.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 57 (1993), S. 109-112 
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 32.80.Fb ; 07.75+h
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Here we describe experiments aimed at developing an element-selective ion source for thorium (Th). The technique applied is resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) with a thermal atom beam. Ionization schemes for isotopically nonselective ionization of Th as well as for isotopically selective ionization of 230Th are proposed. The RIS-scheme used is two-photon two-colour ionization with excitation in the ultraviolet spectral range between 244 nm and 267 nm or in the visible spectral range between 485 nm and 529 nm. Ionization of the excited atoms is performed either by ultraviolet photons or by visible photons, depending on the energy required for this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Sedimentation rates were determined with the 210Pb method in eight sediment cores from Lake Constance. The rate of deposition in the main basin (Obersee) varies from about 0.06 g cm−2 y−1 in the central part to 0.13 g cm−2 y−1 in the eastern part of the lake and then increases rapidly towards the Rhine delta.In the central lake area the rate of deposition has been approximately constant since 1900, and dating with the 210Pb method is in good agreement with sedimentological observations. In the Konstanzer Trichter area, the deposition rate has been increasing since about 1955 as a result of eutrophication and subsequent high carbonate production.Dating with 137Cs is fairly accurate for sediments deposited at a high rate, but is questionable for slowly accumulating ones.A positive correlation of 210Pb fluxes and sedimentation rates indicates that 210Pb flux into sediments follows the distribution pattern of solids. 210Pb profiles in four sediment cores interpreted in terms of a constant flux model display synchronous fluctuations of the sedimentation rate; however, their relation to long-range particulate input variations remains to be proved.Sedimentation rates determined with the 210Pb method were used to calculate recent nutrient and heavy metal fluxes. Anthropogenic fluxes of Zn and Pb are in the same range of magnitude as in other polluted areas in Europe and America.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 304 (1983), S. 716-719 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In early diagenetic and mixed type nodules Co displays a positive correlation with Fe (r = 0.77)3 and no correlation to Mn, whereas in hydrogenetic nodules Co correlates to Mn (r = 0.79)3. Hydrogenetic nodules and crusts show generally higher Co contents than diagenetically formed nodules. This ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 73 (1984), S. 1055-1080 
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The mineralogy and composition of sediments and manganese micronodules from the northern and central sectors of the Peru Basin are discussed. Because of the proximity of the basin to the Carbonate Compensation Depth (C.C.D.), surface sediments vary between calcareous oozes and siliceous muds. Besides biogenic components clay minerals are important. By far the most abundant clay mineral is smectite which is thought to be of diagenetic origin. On a carbonate-free basis, the surface sediments are rather uniform in composition throughout the basin and are similar in composition to those of the equatorial Pacific. Sedimentation rates for the uppermost core sections are in the range of 3 to 5 mm/ 1000 yr. Micronodule compositions show significant variations related to the size class of the micronodules and the depth of occurrence within the sediment column. In general, the chemistry of the micronodules can be explained by the reductive mobilization of Mn within the sediment column and by oxic diagenetic reactions between ferromanganese hydroxides and biogenic opal. The dominant mineral phase is todorokite.
    Abstract: Résumé Cette note décrit la minéralogie et la composition des sédiments et des nodules polymétalliques de la partie septentrionale et centrale du bassin de Perou. Les sédiments de surface consistent en dépôts calcaires ou siliceux selon leur situation par rapport à la profondeur de compensation des carbonates (C. C. D.). A côté des composants biogènes, des minéraux argileux (smectites, illites) sont présents en quantité importante. Le minéral argileux le plus fréquent est une smectite diagenétique. La composition chimique de la fraction non carbonatée des sédiments est uniforme, comparable au chimisme de ceux du Pacifique central. Dans les couches les plus élevées, la vitesse de sédimentation, basée sur des datations par230Th, est de 3 à 5 mm/1000 ans. Le chimisme des micronodules polymétalliques est très variable et dépend de leur profondeur dans le sédiment et de leur dimension. Le chimisme est déterminé par des processus de remobilisation en conditions réductrices dans la colonne sêdimentaire, ainsi que par des réactions diagénétiques entre les hydroxydes de Fe-Mn et l'opale biogène. Le minéral dominant est la todorokite.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mineralogie und chemische Zusammensetzung von Sedimenten und Manganmikroknollen aus dem nördlichen und zentralen Teil des Peru-Beckens werden beschrieben. Die Oberflächensedimente bestehen je nach der Lage zur Karbonatkompensationstiefe (C.C.D.) aus karbonatischen bzw. kieseligen Ablagerungen. Neben den biogenen Komponenten sind Tonmineralien (Smektit, Illit) von Bedeutung. Das häufigste Tonmineral ist diagenetisch gebildeter Smektit. Auf karbonatfreier Basis ist die chemische Zusammensetzung der Sedimente sehr einheitlich, vergleichbar mit dem Chemismus zentralpazifischer Sedimente.230Th-Datierungen ergeben eine Sedimentationsrate von 3–5 mm/1000 a für die obersten Sedimentschichten. In Abhängigkeit von der Korngrößenklasse und der Tiefe in der Sedimentsäule zeigen die Manganmikroknollen große Schwankungen im Chemismus. Remobilisationsprozesse unter reduzierenden Bedingungen in der Sedimentsäule sowie die diagenetischen Reaktionen zwischen Fe-Mn-Hydroxiden und biogenem Opal bestimmen die chemische Zusammensetzung der Manganmikroknollen. Die vorherrschende Mineralphase ist Todorokit.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During RV Valdivia cruise VA 13-2, 1976, a very thick ferromanganese crust (20-40 cm) was dredged near the summit of a submarine peak at a depth of 4,830m in the Central Pacific7'8. In this crust, which directly overlies altered basaltic rock, three macroscopically distinguishable main zones (top ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 77 (1990), S. 428-430 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
  • 10
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