Zusammenfassung
Mineralogie und chemische Zusammensetzung von Sedimenten und Manganmikroknollen aus dem nördlichen und zentralen Teil des Peru-Beckens werden beschrieben. Die Oberflächensedimente bestehen je nach der Lage zur Karbonatkompensationstiefe (C.C.D.) aus karbonatischen bzw. kieseligen Ablagerungen. Neben den biogenen Komponenten sind Tonmineralien (Smektit, Illit) von Bedeutung. Das häufigste Tonmineral ist diagenetisch gebildeter Smektit. Auf karbonatfreier Basis ist die chemische Zusammensetzung der Sedimente sehr einheitlich, vergleichbar mit dem Chemismus zentralpazifischer Sedimente.230Th-Datierungen ergeben eine Sedimentationsrate von 3–5 mm/1000 a für die obersten Sedimentschichten.
In Abhängigkeit von der Korngrößenklasse und der Tiefe in der Sedimentsäule zeigen die Manganmikroknollen große Schwankungen im Chemismus. Remobilisationsprozesse unter reduzierenden Bedingungen in der Sedimentsäule sowie die diagenetischen Reaktionen zwischen Fe-Mn-Hydroxiden und biogenem Opal bestimmen die chemische Zusammensetzung der Manganmikroknollen. Die vorherrschende Mineralphase ist Todorokit.
Abstract
The mineralogy and composition of sediments and manganese micronodules from the northern and central sectors of the Peru Basin are discussed. Because of the proximity of the basin to the Carbonate Compensation Depth (C.C.D.), surface sediments vary between calcareous oozes and siliceous muds. Besides biogenic components clay minerals are important. By far the most abundant clay mineral is smectite which is thought to be of diagenetic origin. On a carbonate-free basis, the surface sediments are rather uniform in composition throughout the basin and are similar in composition to those of the equatorial Pacific. Sedimentation rates for the uppermost core sections are in the range of 3 to 5 mm/ 1000 yr.
Micronodule compositions show significant variations related to the size class of the micronodules and the depth of occurrence within the sediment column. In general, the chemistry of the micronodules can be explained by the reductive mobilization of Mn within the sediment column and by oxic diagenetic reactions between ferromanganese hydroxides and biogenic opal. The dominant mineral phase is todorokite.
Résumé
Cette note décrit la minéralogie et la composition des sédiments et des nodules polymétalliques de la partie septentrionale et centrale du bassin de Perou. Les sédiments de surface consistent en dépôts calcaires ou siliceux selon leur situation par rapport à la profondeur de compensation des carbonates (C. C. D.). A côté des composants biogènes, des minéraux argileux (smectites, illites) sont présents en quantité importante. Le minéral argileux le plus fréquent est une smectite diagenétique. La composition chimique de la fraction non carbonatée des sédiments est uniforme, comparable au chimisme de ceux du Pacifique central. Dans les couches les plus élevées, la vitesse de sédimentation, basée sur des datations par230Th, est de 3 à 5 mm/1000 ans.
Le chimisme des micronodules polymétalliques est très variable et dépend de leur profondeur dans le sédiment et de leur dimension. Le chimisme est déterminé par des processus de remobilisation en conditions réductrices dans la colonne sêdimentaire, ainsi que par des réactions diagénétiques entre les hydroxydes de Fe-Mn et l'opale biogène. Le minéral dominant est la todorokite.
Краткое содержание
Описана минералогич еский и химический со став седиментов и марганц евых желваков северной и центральн ой части перуанского бассейна. Покрывные седименты состоят, в зависимост и от уровня линии карб онатного равновесия (C. C. D.) из карбо натов, или силикатов. Наряду с биогенными компоне нтами здесь важную роль играют и глинистые минералы (с мектит, иллит). Наиболе е часто встречаются диагене тически образовавшийся смек тит. У основания, где от сутствуют карбонаты, химически й состав отложений очень пост оянен и его можно срав нить с составом осадочных п ород центральной части Тихого океана. С помощью изотопа тори я 230 удалось установить, что скорость отложения д ля верхних слоев седи ментов составляет 3–5 мм/1000 лет.
Марганцевые желваки проявляют в осадочно й колонке различный химизм в за висимости от глубины их залеган ия и гранулометричес кого состава. Отмечаются п роцессы вторичной их мобилиз ации при восстановит ельных условиях среды в осад очной колонке, а также диагенетичес кие реакции между гид роокисями железа и марганца и би огенным опалом известного хи мического состава в микрожелваках марга нца.
Господствующей мине ральной фазой являет ся тодорокит.
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Stoffers, P., Sioulas, A., Glasby, G.P. et al. Sediments and micronodules in the northern and central Peru Basin. Geol Rundsch 73, 1055–1080 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820888
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01820888