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  • 1985-1989  (69)
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  • 1
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    Interpretation of cloud-climate feedback as produced by 14 atmospheric general circulation models (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: Understanding the cause of differences among general circulation model projections of carbon dioxide-induced climatic change is a necessary step toward improving the models. An intercomparison of 14 atmospheric general circulation models, for which sea surface temperature perturbations were used as a surrogate climate change, showed that there was a roughly threefold variation in global climate sensitivity. Most of this variation is attributable to differences in the models' depictions of cloud-climate feedback, a result that emphasizes the need for improvements in the treatment of clouds in these models if they are ultimately to be used as climatic predictors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cess, R D -- Potter, G L -- Blanchet, J P -- Boer, G J -- Ghan, S J -- Kiehl, J T -- LE Treut, H -- Li, Z X -- Liang, X Z -- Mitchell, J F -- Morcrette, J J -- Randall, D A -- Riches, M R -- Roeckner, E -- Schlese, U -- Slingo, A -- Taylor, K E -- Washington, W M -- Wetherald, R T -- Yagai, I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):513-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17750262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-efficiency indium tin oxide/indium phosphide solar cells (1989)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 54 (1989), S. 2674-2676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Improvements in the performance of indium tin oxide/indium phosphide (ITO/InP) solar cells have been achieved by using dc magnetron sputter deposited n-ITO onto an epitaxial p/p+ structure grown on good quality commercial p+ bulk substrates. The composition of the sputtering gas has been investigated and the highest efficiency cells resulted when the surface of the epilayer was exposed to an Ar/H2 plasma before depositing the bulk of the ITO in a more typical Ar/O2 plasma. With H2 processing, record efficiencies of 18.9% global, 1000 W m−2, 25 °C (17.0% air mass zero) were achieved. Without H2 processing, the devices exhibited lower efficiencies and were unstable. Type conversion of the InP was shown to occur and was established as being associated with the ITO (possibly due to Sn donors) rather than sputter damage. These improvements in performance have resulted from the optimization of the doping, thickness, transport, and surface properties of the p-type base, as well as from better control over the ITO deposition procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101363
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surface potential dependence of enhanced Raman bands of aggregated cyanine dyes (1989)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 1977-1984 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100342a054
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The geographical distribution of sunflower diseases in China (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 37 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: In various areas of China, the fourth largest sunflower-producing country in the world, 25 sunflower diseases have been reported: 19 caused by fungi, one virus disease and five caused by different species of broomrape. Their geographical distribution and economic significance are discussed. Fungi are the most prevalent disease causing agents in every region. More species of broomrape have been recorded in China than in any other country in the world. Orobanche coerulescens has not previously been reported to attack sunflower but is an important cause of disease in China. The number of diseases recorded differs among the regions, with 14 in North-east China, 11 each in North, North-west and South-west China, 10 in East China and six in Central and South China. This distribution broadly corresponds to the intensity of sunflower production. Only Puccinia helianthi and Septoria helianthi are reported in all the regions; 64% of the diseases are restricted to one or two regions. Alternaria helianthi, Septoria helianthi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Orobanche coerulescens are considered to be the most important, causing 10-50% losses in yield, and even crop failure in some areas in some years. Much work remains to be done on disease control to promote the development of sunflower production in China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1988.tb02104.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma formation and equilibrium in a high β tokamak (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 2527-2537 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The formation and equilibrium of a high β tokamak in the Columbia High Beta Tokamak (HBT) (Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research 1986, in press) is documented using magnetic probes as the principle diagnostic. The formation from a toriodal field stabilized Z pinch is simulated with 2-D resistive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. From the measurement of the magnetic field by high-impedence internal magnetic probes, the poloidal flux, toroidal current, and safety factor are calculated. In addition, the plasma position and cross-sectional shape are determined. The tokamak has a major radius of about 0.24 m, a minor radius of about 0.05 m, and a toroidal current density of about 106 A/m2. The high β tokamak plasma is observed to have an outward shift in major radius of both the magnetic center and the peak of the toroidal current density. The magnetic center moves inward in major radius after 20–30 μsec, presumably because the plasma maintains major radial equilibrium as its pressure decreases because of the radiation of impurity atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866091
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of the Sharp–Wheeler bubble merger model from experimental and computational data (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 2077-2085 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A statistical model to describe the late time chaotic behavior of a Rayleigh–Taylor unstable interface was introduced by Sharp and Wheeler [Physica D 12, 3 (1984); (private communication)]. Here the focus is on effective computations using this model and the comparison of the model with experiment. The numerical solution of the model shows that the height of the mixing layer, in which the bubbles of the light fluid penetrate the heavy fluid, is in a constant acceleration. This result agrees with the experiments of Read [Physica D 12, 45 (1984)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866660
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transition of a tokamak plasma from a state with low- to high-poloidal beta (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 29 (1986), S. 4119-4122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A non-flux-conserving transition of tokamak plasma from a state with low-poloidal beta to a state with high-poloidal beta is reported, using data obtained from the Columbia high-beta tokamak machine [Nucl. Fusion 25, 1109 (1985)]. The plasma survives the transition without any low-mode number kink instability or disruption, possibly because of an increasing plasma safety factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.865755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical determination of the characteristics of a pulsed-gas jet (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 1791-1793 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A pulsed-gas jet with interesting properties has been developed. A typical pressure obtained at the output of this pulsed-gas jet is 25 Torr for a backing pressure of 150 Torr. At a repetition rate of 10 Hz, the background pressure stays below 1.5×10−4 Torr. Laser-induced fluoresence measurements permit one to determine the pressure and the divergence of the gas jet accurately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339870
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clonal Modulation of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis by a Monoclonal Antibody Directed to the T-Cell Receptor (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27178.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientational ordering in solid D2 from NMR studies. II. The cubic ordered phase (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 65 (1986), S. 91-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract An NMR study in the cubic phase of D2 which exhibits long-range orientational order is reported. The spin systems in both para D2 (with angular momentum J=1 and spinI=1) and in ortho D2 (with J=0 andI=2) were investigated. The integrated intensity ratio of theI=1 andI=2 components in the solid echo, the NMR line shapes obtained by Fourier transforming the solid echoes, and the longitudinal relaxation times for theI=1 andI=2 systems are presented. Samples with D2 concentrationX between 0.69 and 0.62 were studied over the temperature range 0.12〈T〈4 K. Measurements were carried out before and after repeated thermal cycling through the ordering transition to study the effect of this cycling on the temperature dependence of the relaxation times. The complex behavior of these relaxation times was found to be similar to that in cubic H2 at a comparable concentration, and the interpretation of this behavior is discussed. Over most of the temperature range, the relaxation time of theI=2 spins is larger than that of theI=1 spins and is believed to be determined by cross-relaxation with the latter, whose intrinsic spin-lattice relaxation is observed. However, at low enough temperatures, the relaxation time for theI=2 spins is found to be shorter than that for theI=1 spins, and this observation cannot be understood on the basis of predictions. Furthermore, theI=2 relaxation time in this temperature region is found to depend on the position within the NMR line. Another observation not yet understood is that the ratio of the integrated intensitiesS(I=1)/S(I=2) in the solid echo is smaller than the theoretically predicted one by about 20%. The NMR line shapes for theI=1 spins in the ordered phase obtained from pulse measurements are compared with those from continuous-wave methods and to those from H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00685402
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