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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies in binary nucleation: The dibutylphthalate/dioctylphthalate system (1988)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 6442-6453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A continuous-flow mixing apparatus has been developed for the study of binary nucleation. This apparatus has been used to investigate the nucleation of mixed dibutylphthalate/dioctylphthalate vapors, and the interaction of the two vapors in particle formation has been demonstrated. A model that considers competition between nucleation and condensation processes during particle formation is applied in the analysis of the experimental results, allowing comparison of the magnitudes of the theoretical and actual nucleation rates in both the single-component and mixed vapor systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.455413
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion charging of ultrafine aerosol particles by positive helium, argon, and nitrogen ions (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3050-3052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The unipolar charging phenomena of ultrafine aerosol particles less than 0.1 μm in diameter by positive gas molecule ions produced by α-ray irradiation are experimentally evaluated in helium, argon, nitrogen, and helium-argon mixture gases. The dependencies of the diffusion charging process of particles on ion species of positive helium, argon, and nitrogen ions are quantitatively well explained by a numerical solution of the population balance equations with the use of Fuchs' combination probability between particles and ions [N. A. Fuchs, Geofis. Pura Appl. 56, 185 (1963)]. The quantity of charge on particles decreases with an increase of ion mass in the order of the helium, nitrogen, and argon ions. The particle charging in a helium-argon mixture is determined by the ion concentration of both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339368
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of ultrafine haematite particles by oxidation of iron acetylacetonate vapour (1987)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 6 (1987), S. 1466-1468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01689324
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of ultrafine zirconium dioxide particles by thermal decomposition of zirconium alkoxide vapour (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 24 (1989), S. 2275-2280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Ultrafine zirconia particles are produced by thermal decomposition of zirconium tetratertiary butoxide (ZrTB) vapour. The introduction of ZrTB vapour into the cylindrical electric furnace, is achieved by three different methods: (evaporator, pressurized nebulizer and ultrasonic nebulizer). The properties of the fine particles obtained by these methods are mainly analysed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that ultrafine zirconia particles produced at relatively low temperatures from 600 to 700° C are spherical in the diameter range 0.035 to 0.15 μm and of tetragonal phase. Furthermore, two-component fine particles of zirconia-ilver are generated by putting the silver solid inside the furnace containing alkoxide vapour, and are deposited by inertia on to a glass substrate under low pressure to form films having a thickness of 17 to 33 μm. The electrical characteristics of the films are evaluated, and the conductance of the film is found to increase with the content of the silver component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02385452
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation and control of particle properties in aerosol reactors (1988)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 34 (1988), S. 1249-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The production of powders by aerosol routes spans a wide range of operating temperatures depending on the type of aerosol reactors used. The dominant mechanism of particle growth and evolution depends highly on the rate at which the reactions producing the condensible species are carried out. Numerical solutions of the discrete-sectional aerosol general dynamic equation that accounts for the interactions of the discrete clusters were obtained for conditions representative of the different types of aerosol reactors used for powder production today. Simplified reaction and coagulation equations that give fast and useful prediction of the evolution of aerosols associated with chemical reactions were derived, and a simple reaction-coagulation model was developed. The effects of reaction rate, initial vapor concentration, residence time, seed particles, and temperature profile on the properties of tine particles produced by gas-phase chemical reactions were evaluated using both models. Results show good agreement between the two.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690340803
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of ultrafine metal oxide aerosol particles by thermal decomposition of metal alkoxide vapors (1986)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 2010-2019 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ultrafine spherical titanium, silicon, and aluminium oxide particles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of their alkoxide vapors, produced by evaporation and subsequent heating. High-concentration ultrafine particles having geometric mean diameters ranging between 0.01 and 0.06 μm and a geometric standard deviation of about 1.4 were obtained by varying the temperatures of the evaporator containing the liquid alkoxides and the reactor furnace, and the flow rate of carrier gas. For furnace temperatures lower than 400°C for TiO2 and 1000°C for SiO2 and Al2O3, the particles obtained were found to be amorphous. The observed changes in the particle size distributions due to changes in operating conditions were compared with those predicted theoretically by solving the discrete-continuous aerosol general dynamic equation accounting for coagulation and generation of monomer by thermal decomposition. The effect of monomer number concentration on the size distribution of generated particles was found to be qualitatively explained.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690321211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerosol Generation Method for Measuring Particles Suspended in Water - Detection of Particulate Impurities in Ultrapure Water and Sizing of Fine Powders - (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 5 (1988), S. 139-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The method described is based on the fact that the measurement of particles in the gaseous phase is generally easier than that in the liquid phase for fine particles smaller than 1 μm in diameter. The system consists of a liquid nebulizing unit, evaporator, condenser, mixing diluter and two different aerosol sizing instruments. It has been found that this method can continuously detect particulate impurities in ultrapure water in situ and can measure the size distribution of fine powders in the submicron particle size range down to about 0.05 μm.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19880050306
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activation of Ultrafine particles by supersaturation in condensational processPart of this work was presented at the First International Aerosol Conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, September 1981. (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 2 (1985), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Activation of ultrafine particles as the condensation nuclei, or heterogeneous nucleation of ultrafine particles, has been observed in various supersaturated vapors. Monodisperse NaCl, ZnCl2, Ag and silicon oil particles, 5-15 mm in diameter, are used as the condensation nuclei and water, hexanol, dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-2-ethyl-hexyl sebacate (DEHS) are used as teh vapors. The supersaturated atmosphere is formed in the mixing type condensation nucleus counter (CNC) where a room temperature aerosol is mixed with warm air saturated by each vapor and the supersaturation ratio is controlled by changing the temperature of the saturated air. The number ratios of activated particles to total particles are observed at various supersaturation ratios. It is found that the activation of particles depends in a complicated manner on the combination of the substances of particles with condensing vapors, that is, activation in some particle-vapor systems is explained by the Kelvin effect but not in others.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19850020121
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Removal of Adhering Particles of Polystyrene Latex and iron oxide on a wall by shear flow in water (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 6 (1989), S. 69-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The velocity for removal of particles adhering on a wall has been measured for polystyrene latex (PSL) and iron oxide particles at laminar and turbulent flow in a glass cell. The results indicate that larger particles detache at lower flow velocities and the width of the velocity range for removing adhering particles is wider when the particle size is smaller in the laminar flow regime. Both the viscous drag force for removing particles determined experimentally and the adhesive force obtained theoretically are proportional to the particle diameter, and the coefficients of friction were estimated to be 0.01-0.08 and 0.01-0.02 for PSL and iron oxide particles, respectively. The ranges of the viscous force, the adhesive force and the coefficient of friction are not so far from the values given by Kanaoka et al. [2].
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19890060111
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  • 10
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    Preparation of ultrafine zirconium dioxide particles by thermal decomposition of zirconium alkoxide vapour (1989)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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