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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 24 (1990), S. 307-312 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3050-3052 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The unipolar charging phenomena of ultrafine aerosol particles less than 0.1 μm in diameter by positive gas molecule ions produced by α-ray irradiation are experimentally evaluated in helium, argon, nitrogen, and helium-argon mixture gases. The dependencies of the diffusion charging process of particles on ion species of positive helium, argon, and nitrogen ions are quantitatively well explained by a numerical solution of the population balance equations with the use of Fuchs' combination probability between particles and ions [N. A. Fuchs, Geofis. Pura Appl. 56, 185 (1963)]. The quantity of charge on particles decreases with an increase of ion mass in the order of the helium, nitrogen, and argon ions. The particle charging in a helium-argon mixture is determined by the ion concentration of both species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 8 (1991), S. 200-208 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An automatic measuring system was developed to perform simultaneous measurements of particle size and charge distributions in a clean room and other aerosol sources. The system consists of an electrostatic condenser (EC) and an optical particle counter (OPC), which are controlled by a personal computer (PC). The PC automatically varies the voltage on the EC and converts the corresponding OPC counts to charge distributions. The reliabilities of the data inversion method and the automatic measuring system were confirmed by theoretical and experimental examinations, respectively. In the theoretical examination, inverted charge distributions were tested and compared with various assumed input distributions. In the experiment where monodisperse aerosols neutralized by a 85Kr neutralizer were used, the measurement results agreed well with the theoretical Boltzmann charge distribution. The application of this technique is demonstrated by the measurement of charge and size distributions of aerosols in a clean room.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 13 (1996), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a study to determine the most appropriate particle size parameter for polydisperse powders dispersed as aerosol and detected by light scattering. It is relevant to many areas of engineering research. By means of calculations of the intensity of light scattered from particles of different sizes, it has been shown that the surface median aerodynamic diameter (SMAD) is an appropriate measure for polydisperse aerosolised powders. The microscope-based procedure for obtaining the SMAD is described, as well as its implementation for narrowly-graded polydisperse powders of fused alumina of type which have been widely used in studies of particle transport in wind tunnels. It was shown that for the fused alumina powders examined, SMAD = 1.25 x (PASMAD), where PASMAD is the projected area surface median aerodynamic diameter.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 2 (1985), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An aerosol sampling inlet has been developed to collect representative samples from the flowing gas stream. The inlet is referred to as the “Universal Aerosol Sampling Probe” because it is capable of efficient sampling over a wide range of free stream velocity without the need to change either the probe tip or sampling flow rate. It is a multi-nozzle device consisting of one or more outer nozzles to extract a sample isokinetically and decelerate it from the relatively high stream velocity to a relatively low velocity. An inner nozzle is then used to extract a representative particle sample for delivery to the impactor or other particle collectors placed downstream. The approach enables a representative particle sample to be extracted at a fixed flow rate, irrespective of the velocity of the gas stream in which the probe is placed. The theoretical considerations leading to the design of such a universal probe are described. It is followed by the description of an experimental evalution of a prototype device. Good agreement was found between the experimental results and the theoretical prediction.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 68-73 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An optical particle counting system has been developed for testing industrial pulse-cleaned cartridge dust collectors. The system is applied to measure fractional penetration of a full scale dust collector and to study its short term and long term dynamic behavior. Results show collector efficiencies for dust loadings of 23 g/m3 exceeding 99.999% over the particle size range from 0.5 μm to 10 μm, with a minimum fractional penetration occurring at approximately 2 μm.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 11 (1994), S. 159-165 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A commercial Electrical Aerosol Analyzer (EAA, TSI Inc. model 3030) was calibrated experimentally at three subambient pressures (i. e., 0.901, 0.878, and 0.853 atm). Each calibration resulted in a 19 × 11 response matrix and a size dependent sensitivity curve \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({\frac{{pA}}{{{\# \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {\# {cm^3}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {cm^3}}}}} \right) $\end{document}. The results of the calibration were incorporated into a data reduction computer program for size distribution inversion. The accuracy of the calibration was tested by measuring the size distribution of a NaCl polydisperse aerosol at the three subambient pressures. All the tests gave good agreement in the inverted mean geometric diameter and geometric standard deviation of the aerosol number size distribution.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 12 (1995), S. 188-193 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The paper reports on the particle. sampling efficiency of the inlet system for the Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (TSI, Inc., St. Paul MN). Large particles are depleted from the sampled aerosol by two mechanisms: super-isokinetic sampling at the entrance of the inlet, and inertial impaction on the inner nozzle. A fluorometric technique was used to separately characterize these mechanisms. Numerical studies were also performed. The experimental results show that the inlet's overall efficiency drops from around 90% for 3 μm particles to less than 45% for particles larger than 10 gm. Several high efficiency inlets were developed and tested. These inlets provide higher sampling efficiencies, but reduce the instrument's sizing resolution. Measurements of 7.3 μm oleic acid particles with a high efficiency inlet showed a 5% spread in measured diameter at 50% count, while less than a 1076 spread was observed using the standard inlet. It was also found that the super-isokinetic condition reduces particle losses on the inner nozzle. The standard inlet is recommended for verifying test aerosol monodispersity. An alternative to the standard inlet is suggested for measurement of size distributions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 3 (1986), S. 111-116 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The performance of a Po-210 radioactive ionizer for aerosol charge neutralization and bipolar charging has been evaluated. Monodisperse neutral and singly charged aerosols have been passed through the ionizer and their approach to the steady-state Boltzmann charge measured by measuring the fraction of particles that are electrically charged. The result shows that an Nt of approximately 2.5 × 105 cm-3 s is needed for the development of a steady-state charge fraction equal to that given by the Boltzmann' s law where N is the ion concentration and t is the residence time of the aerosol in the neutralizer. In addition, the performance of the ionizer for particle charge neutralization in a vibrating-orifice aerosol generator has been evaluated and the result shows that the source is less effective for this application and the residual charge on the particles is considerably higher than that given by the Boltzmann's law.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 9 (1992), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: To understand the roles that wear particles play in disk crashes, analytical and numerical approaches have been used to study three dimensional fluid flow and wear particle transport and deposition in computer disk drives. The study shows that wear particles are flying very close to the disk surface. They can deposit on the disk surface and cause damage to disk drives. Cooling air flow through the disk hub of corotating disks has been found to play important roles in removing wear particles from disk drives. Parametric study has shown that the optimum cooling air flow rate is 12 slpm for 8″ disk with the Reynolds number of 150,000.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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