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  • 1
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    Numerical simulation of axisymmetric turbulent flow in combustors and diffusers (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Numerical studies of turbulent flow in an axisymmetric 45-deg-expansion combustor and bifurcated diffuser are presented. The Navier-Stokes equations incorporating a k-epsilon model were solved in a nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. A zonal-grid method, where the flow field was divided into several subsections, was developed. This approach permitted different computational schemes to be used in the various zones. In addition, grid generation was made a more simple task. Boundary overlap and interpolating techniques were used, and an adjustment of the flow variables was required to assure conservation of mass flux. Three finite-differencing methods (hybrid, quadratic upwind, and skew upwind) were used to represent the convection terms. Results were compared with existing experimental data. In general, good agreement between predicted and measured values was obtained.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids (ISSN 0271-2091); 9; 167-183
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Time analysis of polydisperse sprays in complex turbulent environments (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The two-phase flow field of a small swirl-stabilized burner has been investigated, using a phase Doppler particle analyzer to obtain the velocity, drop size, and time of arrival components. Water/kerosene comparisons were made for the case of nonreacting flow. It is found that the spray flow field is strongly influenced by the aerodynamic flow field and by the reaction and fluid properties. It is noted that vortex shedding produces clusters of drops.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 89-0052
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Diagnostics development for spray characterization in complex turbulent flows (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The present work reports a detailed investigation of air-liquid interaction in sprays along with particle number density and mass flux measurements in complex turbulent flows such as those present in gas turbines and rocket combustors. Data have been obtained for the characterization of sprays in complex flows which include detailed drop size and drop velocity distributions, size-velocity correlations, mass flux, and particle number density. Key factors affecting the measurement of the sample volume size are discussed in detail since an accurate estimation of it is essential to the particle number density and volume flux determined by the instrument. The discrimination of refraction and reflective scattering components and their influence on the measurements are also discussed. Data comparing the phase Doppler results to alternate methods of measuring number density and volume flux are also presented. These results showed agreement to within 15 percent in most cases for realistic flow configurations.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: ASME PAPER 88-GT-241
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Measurement of local convective heat transfer coefficients from a smooth and roughened NACA-0012 airfoil - Flight test data (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Wind tunnels typically have higher free stream turbulence levels than are found in flight. Turbulence intensity was measured to be 0.5 percent in the NASA Lewis Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) with the cloud making sprays off and around 2 percent with cloud making equipment on. Turbulence intensity for flight conditions was found to be too low to make meaningful measurements for smooth air. This difference between free stream and wind tunnel conditions has raised questions as to the validity of results obtained in the IRT. One objective of these tests was to determine the effect of free stream turbulence on convective heat transfer for the NASA Lewis LEWICE ice growth prediction code. These tests provide in-flight heat transfer data for a NASA-0012 airfoil with a 533 cm chord. Future tests will measure heat transfer data from the same airfoil in the Lewis Icing Research Tunnel. Roughness was obtained by the attachment of small, 2 mm diameter hemispheres of uniform size to the airfoil in three different patterns. Heat transfer measurements were recorded in flight on the NASA Lewis Twin Otter Icing Research Aircraft. Measurements were taken for the smooth and roughened surfaces at various aircraft speeds and angles of attack up to four degrees. Results are presented as Frossling number versus position on the airfoil for various roughnesses and angles of attack.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 88-0287
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    Efficient numerical simulation of an electrothermal de-icer pad (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: In this paper, a new approach to calculate the transient thermal behavior of an iced electrothermal de-icer pad was developed. The method of splines was used to obtain the temperature distribution within the layered pad. Splines were used in order to create a tridiagonal system of equations that could be directly solved by Gauss elimination. The Stefan problem was solved using the enthalpy method along with a recent implicit technique. Only one to three iterations were needed to locate the melt front during any time step. Computational times were shown to be greatly reduced over those of an existing one dimensional procedure without any reduction in accuracy; the curent technique was more than 10 times faster.
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: AIAA PAPER 87-0024
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  • 6
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    Efficient numerical simulation of a one-dimensional electrothermal deicer pad (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Keywords: FLUID MECHANICS AND HEAT TRANSFER
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 25; 1097-110
    Format: text
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