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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (5,496)
  • 1985-1989  (5,496)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 10 (1989), S. 542-551 
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Glycine max ; Transposable element ; Transposon tagging ; Genetic instability ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: An unstable mutation for anthocyanin pigmentation in soybean (Giycine max [L.] Merr.) was identified in 1983. The mutability is conditioned by an allele at the w4 locus that is recessive to wild type. The population containing the mutable allele is known as the w4-mutable line. Most plants in the line have chimeric flowers with purple sectors on a near-white background. The mutable allele yields germinal revertants at a rate that varies from 5 to 10% per generation, and the revertant alleles are stable. Approximately 1% of the progenies derived from germinal revertant plants contain mutations at other loci These features, as well as the occurrence of pale flower phenotypes and changes of state, suggest that a transposable element system is producing the unstable phenotype.Several new mutants were isolated in an experiment designed to tag loci. The first three chlorophyll-deficient mutants found (CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3) are inherited as single-gene recessives. Each of the mutants lacks the same two mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH) bands. No recombination has been detected between the MDH phenotype and the chlorophyll-deficient phenotype. Genetic data indicate that the three mutants are allelic, and additional evidence suggests that each of the CD mutants is the result of a deletion. In the CD-1, CD-2, and CD-3 mutants, the deletions result in the silencing of an MDH locus, atypical chloroplast development, and an altered chlorophyll composition. Additional mutants for root necrosis, partial and near sterility, chlorophyll deficiency, and flower color isolated from the transposon tagging study have provided material for future research.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The establishment of reliable values for concentrations of 16 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a suite of marine sediment reference materials included an examination of the methods used to determine such compounds. Results from the five techniques used indicate large method biases. The biases arise from chemical interferences in methods which use non-selective measuring systems with separation techniques which do not first completely resolve the analytes; e.g., single-parameter optical detectors with high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques or a flame ionisation detector (FID) with capillary column gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Measurement by a mass spectrometer with HPLC and GC removes much of the method bias. Results for a representative sediment are discussed to illustrate these conclusions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 33 (1989), S. 578-583 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Methods of measuring oxygen solubility in culture media are scarce, and those available are tedious to apply. A simple colorimetric assay was developed and applied to the analysis of oxygen solubility during alcoholic fermentation. The method was based on the consumption of oxygen by glucose oxidase activity and the production of the pink quinone of syringaldazine by coupled peroxidase activity. Color formation at 526 nm progressed through an optimum that was a linear function of the oxygen added to the assay. Sensitivity was maximized by operating at pH 7 and limiting the medium sample volume added. Each assay took 10-15 min to prepare and react. Reaction time was minimized by using abundant glucose and enzyme concentrations. Data obtained by the assay developed showed good agreement with published oxygen solubilities in water and selected media at various temperatures. Subsequent analyses of fermentation broths indicated falling sugar concentration to be primarily responsible for increases in oxygen solubility during fermentation. For example, during fermentations started with 230 g/L xylose or glucose, oxygen solubility could increase by 41% due to sugar consumption alone. This procedure can provide the solubility data needed to accurately calibrate in-line electronic probes for monitoring dissolved oxygen concentration during fermentation processes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 992-998 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this work dispersive mixing and chemical reactions are treated simultaneously by resorting to the theory of stochastic processes. A fluidized-bed reactor is modeled by discretizing it into ideally stirred tanks of various sizes corresponding to bubble, cloud, and emulsion phases. All parameters in the model are correlated with known or experimentally obtainable quantities. Examples using a complex chemical reaction are given to demonstrate the applicability of the approach.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 1761-1775 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous attempts to model the effect of deposition on removal efficiency in deep-bed filtration have relied heavily on the determination of empirical parameters even for monosized suspensions. A newly developed mathematical model not only significantly reduces this reliance, but takes full account of the polydispersity of suspensions. The results of eight runs on an experimental filter are compraed with the predictions of the mathematical model. Qualitative agreement is good; quantitative agreement is fair.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 33 (1987), S. 916-925 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A hydrodynamic model is developed relating the movement of printed circuit panels to solution flow in through-holes. Qualitative and quantitative model verification is experimentally established. Effects of external gas bubbling on hole solution transport are elucidated. Based on the hydrodynamic model, panel motion criteria for contamination-free and fast chemical processing are introduced. Limits of mechanical panel movement as a method for processing holes of different geometry with typical wet chemical process baths are addressed.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 98-113 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Methodik der Entwicklung von Korrosionsinhibitoren für CO2-SystemeZur Beurteilung des Informationsgehaltes der Ergebnisse von Korrosionsversuchen wurden drei Kriterien benutzt. Danach müssen die Ergebnisse spezifisch und relevant sein, Vorhersagen ermöglichen. Wieweit diese Bedingungen erfüllt werden können, ist davon abhängig, in welchem Umfang der Mechanismus der wichtigsten Korrosionsreaktionen und Inhibierungsvorgänge geklärt ist. Von allen in die Betrachtung einbezogenen Methoden - Wheel-Test nach NACE 1D 182, Standard Kettle Test, Constant pH-Kettle-Test, Lab Bomb Test - liefert der Wheel-Test die am wenigsten aussagekräftigen Ergebnisse. Es ist deshalb nicht möglich, aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Inhibitoren zu placieren und zu beurteilen.Zur Überprüfung der verschiedenen Methoden wurden vergleichende Untersuchungen in Rührbehältern und Autoklaven durchgeführt, wobei die Korrosion von Stahl (AISI 1020 und 1018) aufgrund der Gewichtsverluste und der Eigengehalte im Medium bestimmt wurde. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse ist die Wirksamkeit der Inhibitoren meist stark abhängig vom pH und vom CO2-Partialdruck.
    Notes: Three fundamental criteria are defined by means of which test data are being judged relative to their information content. They must be UNIQUE, RELEVANT, and PREDICTIVE. The degree to which these criteria are met depends on the mechanistic understanding of the underlying corrosion or inhibition processes. It will be shown that of all the routine tests the Wheel Test procedure is the worst in that it does not meet is main objectives and cannot rank different inhibitors predictively.Comparative tests to establish the corrosion kinetics and performance/concentration curves for inhibitors were run in highly agitated kettles and small autoclaves. Corrosion rates were determined by iron analyses and weightloss determinations. The problem of the constantly changing pH in solution was eliminated by pH-stating. The inhibitor performance in some cases is strongly dependent on pH and CO2 partial pressure. All evaluations were done on AISI-1020 or AISI-1018 metal.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 136 (1985), S. 135-145 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Polyacrylnitril gepfropfte Stärke wurde aus Stärkegranulat von herkömmlicher Hirse (Penicum Miliaceum, L) hergestellt, und seine Verarbeitungsmöglichkeiten unter Verwendung des Brabender Plasticorders wurden untersucht. Glycerin als bekannter Weichmacher für Stärke ist als Weichmacher für dieses Polymere nicht geeignet. Eine Mischung von 1:1 Stärke : Stärkepfropfpolyacrylnitril und 25% Glycerin kann verarbeitet und zu einem Film extrudiert werden. Die Festigkeit des Films war geringer als die der reinen Stärke. Der Film, der aus dem Pfropfcopolymeren und mit Polymethylmethacrylat gepfropfter Stärke hergestellt war, hatte eine hohe Zugfestigkeit. Über die Daten der Fließaktivierungsenergie, die mit einem Torsionsrheometer erhalten wurden, wird ebenfalls berichtet.
    Notes: Starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (S-g-PAN) has been prepared from granular starch of common millet (Penicum miliaceum, L) and its processibility has been examined using the Brabender Plasticorder. Glycerine, a known plasticizer for starch does not work as plasticizer for S-g-PAN. A mixture of 1 : 1 starch : S-g-PAN and 25% glycerine can be processed and a film can be extruded. The strength of the film was less than that of pure starch. The film prepared from the mixed graft copolymer of S-g-PAN and S-g-PMA had high tensile strength. The data on flow activation energy obtained from the torque-rheometer are also reported.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 150 (1987), S. 45-64 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Es wurde das thermische Verhalten von 12 verschiedenen Stärken und ihren Pfropfcopolymeren mit Polyacrylnitril (PAN) aus dem nativen und gelierten Zustand mit Hilfe der Differentialkaloriemetrie (DSC) und der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) untersucht. Alle Stärken wiesen zwei endotherme Peaks bei etwa 65 und 260°C und einen exothermen Peak bei ca. 335°C auf. Das Pfropfcopolymere aus nativer Stärke zeigt einen schwachen endothermen Peak um 65°C und einen exothermen bei 300°C, während gelierte Stärke den charakteristischen exothermen Peak von Polyacrylnitril bei 250°C zusammen mit dem exothermen Peak des Propfproduktes bei 300°C aufweist. Um die endothermen Peaks der Stärke bei 65 und 265°C aufzuklären, wurden REM Untersuchungen durchgeführt. Der erste Peak läßt sich durch Dehydratation beim Erhitzen erklären, während der zweite dem Aufschmelzen von Kristalliten in der Stärke zuzuschreiben ist. Eine spezifische Eigenschaft der Hülsenfruchtstärken ist das Festhalten von Feuchtigkeit, selbst wenn sie im gelierten Zustand gepfropft wurden.
    Notes: Thermal behaviour of twelve different starches and their graft copolymers with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) from granular and gelatinized state, has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the starches exhibit two endotherms around 65 and 260°C and an exotherm around 335°C. The graft copolymer from granular starch shows a weak endotherm around 65°C and an exotherm around 300°C, while gelatinized starch exhibits the characteristic exotherm of PAN at about 250°C along with the exotherm of graft product at 300°C. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to explain the endotherms of starch at 65°C and 265°C. The former one may be due to heat of dehydration while the latter one is attributed to the fusion of crystallites in the starch. Legumine starches seem to have a specific property of retaining moisture even if they are grafted in gelatinized state.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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