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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results from the Third Flight of the Millimeter-wave Anisotropy Experiment (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 688 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb43977.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Broadband response of the quasiparticle current in a superconducting tunnel junction (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 64 (1994), S. 915-917 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the linear response of the quasiparticle current in a Nb/AlOx/Nb junction from 75–200 GHz. Picosecond pulses of millimeter wave radiation were generated by illuminating a photoconductive switch with a mode-locked laser. The pulses were coupled to the junction through an impedance-mismatched, planar lithographed antenna. The broadband response of the superconductor-insulator-superconductor junction was measured by monitoring changes in the dc current induced by interfering two electrical pulses at the junction as a function of the time delay between them. The data are in agreement with the linear theory of photon-assisted tunneling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110994
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bolometers for infrared and millimeter waves (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 1-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This review describes bolometric detectors for infrared and millimeter waves. The introduction sketches the history of modern bolometers, indicates how they fit into the more general class of thermal detectors, and describes the types of applications for which they are the optimum solution. Section I is a tutorial introduction to the elementary theories of bolometer response, of thermal radiation, and of bolometer noise. Important results are derived from the laws of thermal physics in the simplest possible way. The more rigorous theories of bolometer response and noise that are required for quantitative understanding and optimization are then summarized. This material is intended to provide the background required by workers who wish to choose the appropriate bolometer technology for a given measurement, or to evaluate a novel technology. Section II, then describes the various components of an efficient bolometer and gives details of the fabrication and performance of modern bolometers. This discussion focuses on composite bolometers with semiconducting thermometers for operation at and below liquid helium temperatures. The tradeoffs involved in using superconducting thermometers at low temperatures are discussed. Finally, a discussion is given of bolometers for operation at liquid nitrogen temperature which use the new high-Tc superconductors as thermometers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357128
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitive bolometers using high-Tc superconducting thermometers for wavelengths 20–300 μm (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 4251-4253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two types of sensitive high-Tc bolometer have been fabricated on 20-μm-thick sapphire substrates with YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film transition edge thermometers. The sensitivity of both devices is superior to commercially available, room temperature pyroelectric detectors. A 1×1 mm bolometer with a radiation absorber of gold black smoke has a noise equivalent power NEP=2.4×10−11 W/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and has useful sensitivity over wavelengths 20–100 μm. A 3×3 mm bolometer with a Bi film radiation absorber has NEP=3.6×10−10 W/Hz1/2 at 10 Hz and has useful sensitivity over wavelengths 100–300 μm. Water vapor transmittance spectra were measured to demonstrate the sensitivity of both devices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354435
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feasibility of infrared imaging arrays using high-Tc superconducting bolometers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 2491-2498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The design of high-Tc superconducting bolometers for applications such as infrared imaging arrays is discussed. The dependence of bolometer sensitivity on excess voltage noise in the thermometer is a function of the detector area and thus of the wavelength to be detected. Measurements of the voltage noise in thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ on Si, Si3N4, and sapphire substrates are used to predict the performance of different bolometer architectures. Useful opportunities exist for bolometers made on both Si and Si3N4 membranes. A readout scheme for two-dimensional arrays of bolometers is also described in which real-time signal integration is performed on the chip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351063
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ac calorimeter for measurements of adsorbed gases on metal films at 4He temperatures (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 822-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented of the performance of an ideal ac calorimeter limited only by thermodynamic noise. A calorimeter based on this analysis is described which is designed for studies of the heat capacity of monolayers and multilayers of atoms and molecules adsorbed on a variety of surfaces. The calorimeter consists of Ge:Ga thermometers and NiCr heaters mounted on one side of a sapphire substrate, with an evaporated film deposited on the other side. The calorimeter is mounted on a 4He cold finger in a UHV system allowing heat capacity measurements down to 1.6 K. In order to verify the performance of the calorimeter, measurements have been made of the heat capacity of 25-μg samples of indium, and of submonolayer coverages of 4He on sapphire. The measured sensitivity corresponds to 〈10−2 monolayers of 4He adsorbed on the surface of the calorimeter in the gas phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141501
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual losses in epitaxial thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 from microwave to submillimeter wave frequencies (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2326-2328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have measured the residual loss in five epitaxial a-b plane films of the high-Tc superconductor YBa2Cu3O7. Microwave measurements near 10 GHz were made by resonance techniques at 4 K. Submillimeter measurements from ∼1.5 to 21 THz were made at 2 K by a direct absorption technique. We use a model of weakly coupled superconducting grains and a homogeneous two-fluid model to fit the data for each film below the well-known absorption edge at 13.5 THz. When the penetration depth determined from muon spin rotation measurements is used to constrain each model, the weakly coupled grain model is able to fit the measured absorptivities for all films, but the two-fluid model is less successful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106058
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New designs for antenna-coupled superconducting bolometers (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2329-2331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a novel antenna-coupled low Tc superconducting bolometer which makes use of the thermal boundary resistance and the trapping of quasiparticles at metal-superconducting interfaces. A thin strip of superconductor, whose temperature is regulated at the midpoint of its resistive transition, serves both as a resistive load to thermalize the infrared current from the antenna and as a thermometer to measure the resulting temperature rise. Calculations give a noise equivalent power (NEP)≈7×10−16 T5/2 WHz−1/2 and a time constant τ≈10−8 T−2 s for a 2×2 μm2 thermometer area at temperature T (K). Designs for efficient on-chip rf matching and filter networks with well-defined bandpasses are presented. These detectors can be used to make frequency-multiplexed array receivers for astronomical observations at near millimeter wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106059
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal boundary resistance for YBa2Cu3O7−δ films (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2034-2036 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have made direct measurements of the thermal boundary resistance, Rbd, between high quality epitaxial films of YBa2Cu3O7−δ and a variety of substrates with and without buffer layers. The boundary resistance was deduced from measurements of the electrical resistance changes in three parallel strips of YBa2Cu3O7−δ when one was electrically heated. Our measurements indicate that Rbd is weakly dependent on temperature and, for all the measured samples, has a value of 0.8–1.4×10−3 K cm2/W between 90 and 200 K, which is a factor of ≈80 larger than the prediction of the acoustic mismatch model at 100 K. The thermal response time of ≈1 ns which results from the heat capacity of the film and Rbd is observed in many experiments with pulsed laser sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106123
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum-limited heterodyne detection of millimeter waves using superconducting tantalum tunnel junctions (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 2487-2489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have made accurate measurements of the noise and gain of heterodyne mixers employing small-area (1 μm2) Ta/Ta2O5/Pb0.9Bi0.1 superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions. These junctions have very low subgap leakage current and an extremely sharp current rise at the sum gap. We have measured an added mixer noise of 0.61±0.31 quanta at 95.0 GHz, which is within 25% of the quantum limit of 0.5 quanta for a single-sideband mixer. Values of the imbedding admittances are deduced from the shapes of I-V curves pumped at the upper and lower sideband frequencies. Using these admittances, the mixer performance calculated from the quantum theory is in good agreement with the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104111
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