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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for metrological accuracy of the electron pump
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 1045-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4526(94)90852-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing for metrological accuracy of the electron pump
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 1045-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)90852-4
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel hot-electron microbolometer
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 109-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)90384-0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel hot-electron microbolometer
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physica B: Physics of Condensed Matter 194-196 (1994), S. 109-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0921-4526
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0921-4526(94)90384-0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic field dependence of quasiparticle losses in a superconductor (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 2494-2496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have studied the propagation of quasiparticles in a superconducting film which is penetrated by a magnetic field. We inject quasiparticles into an Al film at 75 mK using a normal–insulator–superconductor tunnel junction and measure the flux of quasiparticles which diffuse into an adjoining thermal detector. A magnetic field applied perpendicular to the plane of the film produces regions of reduced energy gap which trap quasiparticles. We find a significant reduction in the quasiparticle flux for fields as small as 2 G and explain our measurements with a model that incorporates inelastic scattering rates in Al and the characteristics of field penetration. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122493
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-power on-chip microrefrigerator based on a normal- metal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junction (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2705-2707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements and theoretical modeling of two normal/insulator/superconductor tunnel junction microrefrigerators. The first device, fabricated on a thick silicon substrate, had a cooling power of 36 pW, an active volume of 350 μm3, and a temperature drop for electrons of 2 mK from a 300 mK bath. The second device, fabricated on a thin silicon nitride membrane, had a cooling power of 4 pW and cooled both electrons and phonons in a similar volume by almost 2 mK from a bath of 300 mK. These are the largest cooling powers and active volumes for electron and phonon refrigeration reported to date. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123943
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasensitive-hot-electron microbolometer (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 3075-3077 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements on a novel power detector which can be used as an ultrasensitive detector of millimeter and submillimeter radiation. The absorbing element consists of a thin film resistor strip which is connected to superconducting electrodes. This device exploits the Andreev reflection of electrons and the weak electron-phonon coupling at low temperatures to produce a large temperature rise for a small input power (≈10 mK/fW). The temperature rise of the electrons is detected by a tunnel junction where part of the metal strip forms the normal electrode. We have measured a voltage responsivity of approximately 109 V/W and an amplifier-limited electrical noise equivalent power ≈3×10−18 W Hz−1/2 at an operating temperature of 100 mK. If infrared radiation were efficiently coupled to the absorbing element with an antenna or a waveguide, then the sensitivity of this detector would be at least a factor of 10 better than the best available direct detector operating at the same temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110237
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic microrefrigerator based on a normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 3123-3125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present measurements on a novel electronic microrefrigerator that can cool conduction electrons significantly below the lattice temperature. A normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction is used to extract electrons from the normal metal electrode whose energy is higher than the Fermi energy. Electrons with an average energy equal to the Fermi energy are returned to the metal by a superconducting contact. Consequently, the high-energy thermal excitations are removed from the normal metal, thus cooling the electrons. For lattice temperatures higher than 100 mK the data can be explained by a simple theory incorporating the BCS density of states in the superconducting electrode and the coupling between electrons and phonons. At lower temperatures our measurement suggests that the electron energies in the normal electrode depart strongly from an equilibrium distribution. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112456
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hot-electron microcalorimeters as high-resolution x-ray detectors (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 3203-3205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements are presented on a novel microcalorimeter for the detection of x rays. This detector uses a normal metal film deposited on a thin membrane to absorb x-ray photons. The subsequent temperature rise of the electrons is measured from the current–voltage characteristics of a normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction, where part of the absorber forms the normal electrode. A superconducting-quantum-interference-device is used as a low-noise high-bandwidth readout for the junction. We have measured an energy resolution of 22 eV full width at half-maximum and a time constant of 15 μs for a detector operating at 80 mK and having a 0.5 μm thick Au absorber with an area of 100×100 μm2. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113723
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New designs for antenna-coupled superconducting bolometers (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2329-2331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We propose a novel antenna-coupled low Tc superconducting bolometer which makes use of the thermal boundary resistance and the trapping of quasiparticles at metal-superconducting interfaces. A thin strip of superconductor, whose temperature is regulated at the midpoint of its resistive transition, serves both as a resistive load to thermalize the infrared current from the antenna and as a thermometer to measure the resulting temperature rise. Calculations give a noise equivalent power (NEP)≈7×10−16 T5/2 WHz−1/2 and a time constant τ≈10−8 T−2 s for a 2×2 μm2 thermometer area at temperature T (K). Designs for efficient on-chip rf matching and filter networks with well-defined bandpasses are presented. These detectors can be used to make frequency-multiplexed array receivers for astronomical observations at near millimeter wavelengths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106059
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