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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study on acute effects of the combined exposure to temperature increase and chlorination upon the marine copepod Acartia omorii (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 114 (1992), S. 235-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The acute effects of combined exposure to temperature increase and chlorination on a neritic marine copepod, Acartia omorii Bradford (collected offshore of Onjuku, Japan in 1982), were investigated in the laboratory. Continuous flow exposure and batch exposure modes were compared. Based on the results of continuous flow experiments, the 24-h median lethal concentration (24-h LC50, in mg l-1) of total residual chlorine was estimated using the multiple regression equation below, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.955: 24-h LC50=2.988-0.034 dT-1.611 log10 t where dT is temperature rise (°C) and t is exposure duration (min). In batch experiments, the predictive power of the multiple regression equation was reduced, probably due to variations in chlorine concentration during exposure duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C-selective infrared multiple-photon decomposition study of CBrClF2 (1992)
    Springer
    Applied physics 55 (1992), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50.-m
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The infrared multiple-photon single-frequency decomposition (IRMPD) of CBrClF2 was examined as functions of laser wavenumber, laser fluence, and partial pressure of CBrClF2. The initial step was the scission of a C-Br bond. In the presence of O2 the carbon-containing product was CF2O and its subsequent hydrolysis gave CO2. The initial dissociation was highly 13C selective at wavenumbers below 1014 cm−1. CBrClF2 decomposed at relatively low fluences as compared to CHClF2. However, the decomposition yield rapidly decreased with increasing pressure. In the large-scale irradiation experiment using about 8 J pulse at 1 Hz, we obtained a carbon yield of 0.41 μmol per pulse at a 13C-atom fraction of 17% for a mixture of 10 Torr CBrClF2 and 10 Torr O2, and a carbon yield of 0.17 μmol per pulse at a fraction of 29% for a mixture of 20 Torr CBrClF2 and 20 Torr O2. The IRMPD of CHClF2 gave a carbon yield of 0.18 μmol per pulse at 48% for 10 Torr neat CHClF2 and yield of 0.25 μmol at 52% for 20 Torr CHClF2. The large-scale irradiation experiment was also carried out for mixtures of CBr2F2 and O2. CHClF2 is the most productive of 13C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325179
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quenching rate constants of excited halogen atoms in quartet states (1994)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 100 (1994), S. 4876-4883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Excited halogen atoms in quartet spin states F*(2p43s, 4P5/2), Cl*(3p44s, 4P5/2), and Br*(4p45s, 4P5/2) were produced from helium sensitized radiation chemical decomposition of SF6, CF3Cl, CF3Br, and CF2Br2. Quenching rate constants of these excited halogen atoms by simple gas molecules such as O2, N2, H2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, N2O, CH4, C2H6, and Xe including parent molecules were determined from absorption decay curves at 685.8 nm for F*, 837.5 nm for Cl*, and 827.4 nm for Br*. The optical densities were assumed to be proportional to (number of excited atoms per one cubic centimeter)0.9. The quenching rate constants obtained here were compared to those reported of metastable rare-gas atoms and an excited oxygen atom O*(2p33s, 5S2), and further discussed in terms of several theoretical kinetic models.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.467207
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Branching ratios and bond dissociation energies from the excimer laser photolysis of group 6 metal carbonyls (1991)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 5471-5480 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Photolysis of the group 6 (Cr, Mo, W) metal carbonyls in the gas phase, at excimer laser wavelengths, may lead to more than one primary product. Branching ratios between these products have been measured as a function of photolysis wavelength, buffer gas pressure, and temperature using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. The results are modeled using a sequential dissociation mechanism in which branching ratios are determined by competition between unimolecular dissociation and collisional relaxation. The sensitivity of the results to thermochemical input parameters and assumptions concerning energy disposal mechanisms is discussed. Under qualified assumptions the branching ratio measurements provide estimates for CO bond dissociation energies for coordinatively unsaturated metal carbonyls. For Mo and W the individual bond dissociation energies are close to the average values but for Cr the first three ligands coordinated are significantly less strongly bound than the last three. This finding is discussed in terms of recent ab initio calculations on bonding in metal carbonyls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.460482
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of highly excited oxygen atoms O(2p33s,5S) with simple gas molecules (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 9094-9098 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electron pulse irradiation of 10 atm He containing one of CO, CO2, NO, NO2, or N2O at small amounts produced highly excited oxygen atoms O(2p33s,5S), which subsequently disappeared by their reactions with parent molecules. The rate constants have been determined from the absorption decay curves at 777.3 nm O(2p33p,5P)←O(2p33s,5S). The rate constants for the reactions of O(2p33s,5S) with Xe, H2, N2, CH4, and C2H6 could be determined in the irradiation of mixtures of He, O2, and these gases with electron pulses. The upper limit of a quenching rate constant was estimated for Kr. The observed rate constants showed good correlation with the quenching rate constants of Kr(4p55s,3P2) or Xe(5p56s,3P2) by the same gas molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463336
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the organic superconductor (DMET)2AuCl2 (1990)
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 1652-1655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108270190000555
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical survey of the neuropeithelial endocrine system in the respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius neubulosus tokyoensis Tago (1994)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 102 (1994), S. 425-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract of urodeles has been shown to harbor an innervated system of neuroepithelial endocrine (NEE) cells. Even between phylogenetically closely related species, large differences have been reported in the appearance and chemical coding of the NEE system. Although urodeles are well suited for the purpose, none of the prior studies have provided an immunocytochemical survey of the NEE system in all parts of the respiratory tract. In the present study, many bioactive substances and a general marker were immunocytochemically demonstrated in serial sections of the entire respiratory tract of the Tokyo salamander, Hynobius nebulosus tokyoensis, a species in which neuroepithelial bodies (NEBs) were previously characterized at the electron microscopic level. In the current study, serotonin-immunoreactive solitary NEE cells were observed in variable numbers in the larynx, in all parts of the trachea, and in areas of the lungs covered with ciliomucous epithelium. Serotonin-containing NEBs, however, were detected in small cranial areas of the lung only. Solitary NEE cells were seen in the trachea and lungs of H. nebulosus tokyoensis by immunocytochemical staining for somatostatin, calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and bombesin, but the number, localization, and appearance of the labeled NEE cells differed considerably. Only calcitonin-like immunoreactivity was also noted in some NEB-like cell clusters in the cranial parts of the lungs. Unlike many other vertebrates, neuron specific enolase was found to be a poor marker for the NEE system in the salamander species used in this investigation. It may be concluded that the NEE system of H. nebulosus tokyoensis contains at least five different bioactive substances. The different markers, however, demonstrate the presence of NEE cells with obvious differences in respect to appearance and topographical distribution. The necessity is emphasized of reliable methods for adequate sampling of all regions of the respiratory tract in comparative histological studies of the NEE system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00269573
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enrichment of 13C by IRMPD of CBr2F2 (1991)
    Springer
    Applied physics 52 (1991), S. 266-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CO2-laser-induced infrared multiple photon decomposition of natural CBr2F2 in the presence of oxygen has been examined as a function of pulse number (30–1500), reactant pressures (CBr2F2, 10–150 Torr and O2, 5–90 Torr), laser line [9P(8)–9P(32)], and laser fluence (1–3 J cm−2) to optimize irradiation conditions for 13C-enrichment. CF2O was the main carbon containing product and afterwards was converted into CO2 via hydrolysis. A small amount of C2Br2F4 was detected only under extreme conditions, for example, at high laser fluences or wavenumbers close to an absorption band. The 13C-atom fraction of the final product CO2 was found to be 20–80%, depending on experimental conditions. The two-stage IRMPD process proposed previously has been examined in further detail in the present study. First, CBr2F2 containing about 30% of 13C was prepared in the 13C-selective IRMPD of natural CHClF2 in the presence of Br2. The second-stage IRMPD of the CBr2F2 in the presence of oxygen under selected conditions resulted in the high enrichment of 13C beyond 90%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325403
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of the spinodal decomposition of Fe−Cr alloys by Mössbauer spectroscopy (1992)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 69 (1992), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Addition of 5%Ni to an Fe−28%Cr alloy causes a transition of the aging behavior from the nucleation and growth to the spinodal decomposition. Very rapid increase in the average internal magnetic field and a broadening of the internal magnetic field distribution occur in the spinodal decomposition. Mössbauer spectra are synthesized by assuming a rectangular and a sinusoidal wave for the composition fluctuation, and the internal magnetic field distributions obtained from those are compared with the experimental results to estimate a time evolution of the amplitude of the composition wave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02401874
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Mössbauer spectrometry study on the phase decomposition of cast duplex stainless steel (1994)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 92 (1994), S. 987-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Cast CF3M duplex stainless steel having 25% of ferrite in volume fraction was aged at 723 K for time periods up to 10000 h. Phase decomposition of ferrite was investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Ferrite decomposed initially via a spinodal process to finally yield the Fe-rich and the Cr-rich phase. The hyperfine magnetic field distribution obtained from the experimental Mössbauer spectrum was analyzed by assuming trinomial distribution of main constituent atoms Fe, Cr, Ni to determine Cr and Ni content of the Fe-rich phase. Main compositions of the phase were 84 at.% Fe, 11 at.% Cr, 5 at.% Ni.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065723
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