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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fish guts as chemical reactors: a model of the alimentary canals of marine herbivorous fishes (1992)
    Springer
    Marine biology 113 (1992), S. 527-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The alimentary canals of marine herbivorous fishes are variously composed of a few basic structures strung together in series. We model the structures where digestive processes occur as chemical reactors following the model of Penry and Jumars: the stomach as a batch or continuous-flow stirred-tank (CSTR), the intestine as a plug-flow reactor (PFR), and the hindgut caecum as a CSTR. Other structures, where food is mechanically processed-gill rakers, pharyngeal mills, and muscular stomachs-are classified as gates. The optimality criterion for the model is the digestion of the most nutrient in the least amount of time. With the model we are able to predict gut configuration as a function of nutrient concentration and hypothesize that the guts of herbivorous fishes always have a PFR component and may or may not have a CSTR component. The Penry-Jumars model appears to provide a consistent theoretical framework for four main types of digestive mechanisms in marine herbivorous fishes and offers specific testable hypotheses on the feeding ecology and digestive physiology of four representative species of fish as well as other, still unstudied, herbivorous fishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349695
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutritional quality of macrophytes eaten and not eaten by two temperatezone herbivorous fishes: A multivariate comparison (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 108 (1991), S. 471-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mean annual chemical compositions (ash, lipid, carbohydrate, protein, nitrogen and carbon) of 23 species of macrophytes (22 seaweeds and 1 seagrass) from a rocky intertidal habitat on the central California coast were determined from December 1981 through December 1982. These data were used to test the hypothesis that the 13 red and green seaweeds eaten by the two principal herbivorous fishes (Cebidichthys violaceus andXiphister mucosus) at the site are higher in nutritional quality than the 9 red and brown seaweeds and the seagrass not consumed by these fishes. A MANOVA using the ash, lipid, carbohydrate and nitrogen data showed that the centroids of the dietary and nondietary species groups were significantly different. In a two-group discriminant analysis that followed, only two species were misclassified as members of the opposite group. Multigroup discriminant analysis of the 23 macrophytes resulted in some overlap among dietary and nondietary species. Species were discriminated on the first canonical axis by ash content and on the second and third axes by lipid and carbohydrate contents. Nitrogen contributed little to the overall discrimination of species in the analysis. The nondietary red algaCorallina vancouveriensis, with its high ash content and therefore relatively low nutritional quality, was clearly separated from all other species in the analysis. Brown algae were of higher nutritional quality, but are not eaten by the two fishes, possibly because these seaweeds produce indigestible carbohydrates and secondary compounds. However, the exclusion from the diets of several red algal species that were virtually indistinguishable from the dietary red algae remains unexplained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313657
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bidirectional, Transmembranal Protein Shifts in Hippocampal Neurons during Early Postischemic Reperfusion of the Gerbil Brain (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 723 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb36783.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volatile fatty acids in the hindguts of herbivorous fishes from temperate and tropical marine waters (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 45 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Relative volatile fatty acid composition in the hindgut of four seaweed-eating fishes ranged from acetate only in the cool temperate species to a full array of six types in the warm temperate species and the two tropical/subtropical species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1994.tb01334.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intergeneric Transfer (Rye to Wheat) of a Gene(s) for Russian Wheat Aphid Resistance (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 113 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: An octoploid triticale was derived from the F, of a Russian wheat aphid-resistant rye, ‘Turkey 77’, and ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat. The alloploid was crossed to common wheat, and to ‘Imperial’ rye/‘Chinese Spring’ disomic addition lines. F2, progeny from these crosses were tested for Russian wheat aphid resistance and C-banded. A resistance gene(s) was found to be associated with chromosome arm IRS of the ‘Turkey 77’ rye genome. A monotelosomic IRS (‘Turkey 77’) addition plant was then crossed with the wheat cultivar ‘Gamtoos’, which has the 1BL.1RS ‘Veery’ translocation. Unlike the IRS segment in ‘Gamtoos’, the ‘Turkey 77’-derived 1 RS telosome did not express the rust resistance genes Sr31 and Ar26, which could then be used as markers. From the F, a monotelosomic 1 RS addition plant that was also heterozygous for the 1BL. 1 RS translocation was selected and testerossed with an aphid-susceptible common wheat, ‘Inia 66’ Meiotic pairing between the rye arms resulted in the recovery of five euploid Russian-wheat-aphid-resistant plants. One recombinant also retained Sr31 and Lr26 and was selfed to produce translocation homozygotes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.1994.tb00735.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The barrier to dissociation in the B˜ 2A1' state of the methyl radical (1993)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 98 (1993), S. 9215-9217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Making use of internally contracted multireference configuration interaction and a large basis set of 213 contracted Gaussian-type orbitals, the barrier height to dissociation in the B˜ 2A1' state of the methyl radical was obtained to be 2417 cm−1, in very good agreement with a recent experimental estimate of 2200 cm−1. The equilibrium bond lengths in the X˜ 2A1‘ and B˜ 2A1' states are 1.076 and 1.109 A(ring), respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.464430
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature on the food processing of three species of seaweed-eating fishes from European coastal waters (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 37 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Food consumption, gut transit times and assimilation efficiencies of the temperate fishes Lipophrys pholis and Parablennius sanguinolentus (Blenniidae) and Gobius cobitis (Gobiidae. when fed the green alga Ulva lactuca were determined at four temperatures in the laboratory. Food consumption increased and gut transit times decreased with increase in temperature in all three species. Assimilation efficiencies for algal carbon and nitrogen did not vary with temperature in G. cobitis. Carbon but not nitrogen assimilation efficiency varied with temperature in P. sanguinolentus, and both carbon and nitrogen assimilation efficiencies changed broadly with temperature in L. pholis, the most omnivorous of the three fishes. Assimilation efficiencies of all three species were generally within the previously reported ranges for herbivorous marine fishes. These species are thus clearly capable of extracting energy from algal food sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05855.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of lipolytic activity in a multitrophic population grown in wool-scour effluent (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1991), S. 53-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Esterase ; Lipase ; Cholesterol esterase ; Wax esterase ; Lipolytic activity ; Wool-scour effluent
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A multitrophic population established in wool-scour effluent produced esterase activity with specificity to steryl, wax and triacylglyceryl esters. The wax esterase activity peaked just prior to the esterase activity toward cholesteryl oleate andp-nitrophenol palmitate. The activity was present in both the extracellular and cell membrane fractions. Partial characterization revealed the presence of multiple esterase bands on native polyacrylamide gels. The bacterial esterase activity could be enhanced by the addition of mineral salts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01575591
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronal pathways in the guinea-pig lumbar sympathetic ganglia as revealed by immunohistochemistry (1990)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 93 (1990), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)- and peptide-immunoreactivity of postganglionic neurons and of nerve fibres in guinea pig lumbar paravertebral sympathetic ganglia 2–4 after transection of the communicating rami and the visceral branches, respectively, were investigated by single-and double-labelling techniques. Six subpopulations of postganglionic neurons were discriminated immunohistochemically: two cell types, which were immunoreactive to only one of the applied antisera — TH, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP); and four cell types in which immunoreactivity was colocalized — TH/neuropeptide Y (NPY), NPY/VIP, dynorphin/α-neoendorphin and dynorphin (α-neoendorphin)/NPY. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells dependent on their location exhibited differential immunobehaviour to NPY-/dynorphin-(α-neoendorphin-) and TH-antisera. Immunoreactivity to substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), met-enkephalin-arg-phe (MEAP) and leu-enkephalin was present in nerve fibres but not in postganglionic neurons with frequent colocalization of SP/CGRP- and MEAP/leu-enkephalin- and, sometimes leu-enkephalin/SP- and dynorphin/SP-immunoreactivity. TH-immunoreactive intraganglionic nerve fibres were numerically more increased after cutting the visceral branches, than after transection of the communicating rami. Vice versa, NPY-, VIP-, dynorphin- and α-neoendorphin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were particularly increased in number after cutting the communicating rami. Many but not all of the nerve fibres exhibited colocalization of two of these peptides. SP-, CGRP-, and enkephalin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were not visibly affected by cutting the visceral branches but virtually disappeared after lesioning the communicating rami.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266416
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical investigation of NC3NC (1994)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 88 (1994), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: NC3NC ; CEPA-1 ; Spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Various spectroscopic properties have been calculated by CEPA-1 for NC3NC, a molecule of potential interest to astrochemistry. According to CCSD(T) calculations with a basis set of 168 cGTOs, it is less stable than dicyanoacyetylene (NC4N) by 108.5 kJ mol−1. The equilibrium dipole moment is predicted to be 1.04 D (CCSD(T)/162 cGTO), with the negative end of the dipole at the terminal nitrogen site. The results of the present calculations are in excellent agreement with those of matrix-isolation IR spectroscopy carried out in the course of this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01113729
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