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  • 1
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We construct artificial “software” spacecraft consisting of magnetometers and 3D thermal and energetic ion detectors. Four such spacecraft are “flown” through a 1D simulation of a quasi-parallel shock. We analyze the resulting time series from the spacecraft, and then use the more complete simulational information to evaluate our interpretations based on the limited times series information. The separation strategy used, with two closely spaced spacecraft pairs separated by a large distance, was helpful in the interpretation, since a variety of important processes operate over several different scale lengths. This work highlights the ability to draw inferences about spatially and temporally varying phenomena based on multiple-spacecraft time series data, and suggests that many spacecraft configurations which bear little resemblance to the classic Cluster tetrahedron may be necessary when multiple scale lengths are present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 582 (1990), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3784-3791 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A simple and powerful way to investigate the linear evolution of particle distribution functions in kinetic instabilities in a homogeneous collisionless plasma is presented. The method can be applied to any kind of instability, provided the characteristics (growth rate, frequency, wave vector, and polarization) of the mode are known and can also be used to estimate the amplitude of the waves at the end of the linear phase of growth. Two didactic examples are used to illustrate the versatility of the technique: the Alfvén Ion Cyclotron (AIC) instability, which is electromagnetic, and the Electron Ion Cyclotron (EIC) instability, which is electrostatic. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1105-1117 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Effective boundary conditions are derived to be used with the classical Hele–Shaw equations in calculating the shape and motion of a Hele–Shaw bubble. The main assumptions of this analysis are that the displaced fluid wets the plates, and that the capillary number Ca and the ratio of gap width to characteristic bubble length ε are both small. In a small region at the sides of the bubble, it is found that the thin-film thickness scales with ε2/5 Ca4/5, rather than the Ca2/3 scaling that is valid over most of the thin film above and below the bubble.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 367-379 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Exact solutions are presented for a steady stream of bubbles in a Hele–Shaw cell when the effect of surface tension is neglected. These solutions form a three-parameter family. For specified area and distance between bubbles, the speed of the bubble remains arbitrary when surface tension is neglected. However, numerical and analytical evidence indicates that this arbitrariness is removed by the effect of surface tension. The branch of solutions that corresponds to the McLean–Saffman finger solution were primarily studied. A dramatic increase was observed in bubble speeds when the distance between bubbles is on the order of a bubble diameter, which may have relevance to experiments done by Maxworthy [J. Fluid Mech. 173, 95 (1986)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The fatigue crack growth behavior in a titanium aluminide (Ti3Al) alloy under thermo-mechanical loading as well as under elevated temperature conditions was investigated. The thermal mechanical fatigue crack growth behavior appears, in a general sense, to follow the same trends observed in similar data obtained in tests on nickel-base superalloys. However, crack growth in Ti3Al appeared to be influenced by blunting of the crack tip due to creep in addition to a cyclic-dependent contribution together with time dependent or environmental enhanced degradation. This complex phenomenon in Ti3Al is unlike that in nickel-base superalloys where crack growth was found to be due to a linear combination of cycle and time dependent contributions. Thus, the linear cumulative modelling technique is not applicable to the tested Ti3Al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 222 (1994), S. 263-270 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus ; aphids ; biomass production ; clonal propagation ; Frankia ; herbivory ; Paraprociphilus tessellatus ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field performance of tissue cultured clones and seedlings of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, A. glutinosa, A. incana, and A. japonica was assessed five years after outplanting in central Ontario. Half the individuals were inoculated with a mixture of four Frankia isolates prior to planting. Inoculation produced significant increases (25% to 33%) in biomass production of two clones of A. glutinosa and one of A. incana. Woody biomass increments for the first five years, averaged across all clones and seedlings, were highest in A. japonica and A. incana (4.3 and 3.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively). Individual tree growth improved markedly in lower slope positions, but total plot biomass did not show similar gains in downslope positions owing to higher mortality and aphid (Paraprociphilus tessellatus) infestation. Aphids occurred in 22% of Frankia-inoculated individuals, and 15% of non-inoculated individuals. The fastest growing species, A. incana and A. japonica, were most susceptible to aphid attack. Growth of the best clones of A. glutinosa and A. incana exceeded seedling growth by 51% and 76%, respectively. The high growth variation in clones of the same species with similar geographic origins and the excellent performance of tissue cultured stock suggest that rapid genetic gains in an Alnus breeding program might be obtained by clonal propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1990-12-01
    Description: Differences in N, P, and K status and N efficiency of some North American willow species and their clones were observed and evaluated. Salixeriocephala Michx., S. lucida Mühl., and S. exigua Nutt., represented by five clones each, were raised from cuttings in potted loamy sand for 113 days. Plants were subjected to three levels of fertilization (equivalent to 125, 250, or 500 kg N/ha) applied at exponential rates of addition (0.06, 0.071, and 0.082, respectively), using complete nutrient solutions and were compared with control plants (no fertilizer added). The experiment showed that nutrient concentration and nutrient uptake in the plants depended not only on treatments but also on species and clones. Thus, species and clones that removed smaller amounts of nutrients per unit of biomass could be selected. Species had a larger effect than clones on nutrient concentration and content. Total nutrient content, at the same treatment level, depended primarily on biomass production. Significant variation existed among species and clones in the ratio of biomass/total N. Salixeriocephala (the best species) produced 35.1% more than the other species, and the best experimental clones within species produced 27.8–41.6% more stem per unit of N than the poorest clones.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1994-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0004-640X
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-946X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Springer
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