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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of roots and litter on mineralization processes in forest soil (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 391-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Carbon ; Clear cutting ; Exponential decay ; Forest ; Litter ; Mineralization ; Nitrogen ; Podzol ; Respiration ; Rhizosphere Soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Leaf litter breakdown and fine root production, including exudation, are two major influences upon carbon and nitrogen mineralization rates in forest soil. Sieving and root removal experiments were used to examine their effects. Although carbon mineralization rates declined in smaller particle size fractions of forest litter, this trend largely disappeared when results were calculated on an ash-free basis. Nitrogen mineralization by contrast, was greatest in smaller fractions. Much of the variation in carbon mineralization rates appeared to be associated with fine roots. A rapid initial exponential decay phase noted in laboratory respiration studies was probably associated with disappearance of available carbon in the form of root exudates and/or the microorganisms dependent on them. Clear cutting caused a marked reduction in the size of available carbon pools, reflecting decreased root exudation and rhizosphere activity. A model of mineralization is proposed which represents the available and humified carbon pools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140046
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Frankia on field performance of Alnus clones and seedlings (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 150 (1993), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus ; aphids ; biomass production ; clonal propagation ; Frankia ; herbivory ; Paraprociphilus tessellatus ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Field performance of tissue cultured clones and seedlings of Alnus viridis ssp. crispa, A. glutinosa, A. incana, and A. japonica was assessed five years after outplanting in central Ontario. Half the individuals were inoculated with a mixture of four Frankia isolates prior to planting. Inoculation produced significant increases (25% to 33%) in biomass production of two clones of A. glutinosa and one of A. incana. Woody biomass increments for the first five years, averaged across all clones and seedlings, were highest in A. japonica and A. incana (4.3 and 3.7 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively). Individual tree growth improved markedly in lower slope positions, but total plot biomass did not show similar gains in downslope positions owing to higher mortality and aphid (Paraprociphilus tessellatus) infestation. Aphids occurred in 22% of Frankia-inoculated individuals, and 15% of non-inoculated individuals. The fastest growing species, A. incana and A. japonica, were most susceptible to aphid attack. Growth of the best clones of A. glutinosa and A. incana exceeded seedling growth by 51% and 76%, respectively. The high growth variation in clones of the same species with similar geographic origins and the excellent performance of tissue cultured stock suggest that rapid genetic gains in an Alnus breeding program might be obtained by clonal propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013027
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  • 3
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    Invasion of clear-cuttings by the actinorhizal plant Comptoniaperegrina (1986)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-01
    Description: Three years after harvesting a mixed conifer–hardwood forest in Ontario, the density of sweet fern (Comptoniaperegrina (L.) Coult.) was far greater on a whole-tree harvest site (logging slash removed) than on an adjacent conventional harvest site (logging slash present). These differences were related to the degree of site disturbance, particularly forest floor removal. Nodule fixation rates also appeared to reflect the degree of disturbance, being highest in plants growing along a logging road where the sandy, nitrogen-poor mineral soil was exposed, and exceptionally low on the conventional harvest site (0.67 μmol C2H4 g dry weight−1 h−1). Overall, acetylene reduction activity showed a significant negative correlation (r = −0.77, p 
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    Nitrogen-fixing plants in a cut-over lodgepole pine stand of southern British Columbia (1989)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-07-01
    Description: The acetylene reduction assay was used to estimate amounts of nitrogen fixed by Lupinusarcticus Wats. (1.97 kg•ha−1•year−1) and Shepherdiacanadensis (L.) Nutt. (0.78 kg•ha−1•year−1) in a regenerating lodgepole pine (Pinuscontorta Dougl.) stand in southern British Columbia. These amounts appear to be significant, as lodgepole pine ecosystems are generally highly deficient in nitrogen. Thinning of excessively dense pine stands may provide an added growth benefit by increasing nitrogen fixation activity of understory vegetation.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    Biomass and nutrients in Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest species: implications for whole-tree and conventional harvest (1987)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-03-01
    Description: Total aboveground biomass and nutrient contents were measured in a mixed conifer and hardwood stand in Ontario. Removal of woody stems 〉 9 cm dbh (conventional harvest) yielded 138 000 kg/ha; removal of essentially all aboveground woody material (whole-tree harvest) yielded an additional 52 000 kg/ha, a 38% increase. Whole-tree harvest increased N removal by 191 kg/ha (132%). Logging slash on the conventional harvest plot added 163 kg N/ha to the forest floor. Nutrients within various biomass components of seven tree species were compared. Pinusresinosa Ait., the dominant conifer, produced the greatest amount of biomass per unit mass of nutrient, combining low nutrient concentrations with a high proportion of biomass in stem wood. Populustremuloides Michx., the dominant hardwood, had high proportions of cation-rich bark but had a lower whole-tree N concentration than most other species. High nutrient contents in Abiesbalsamea (L.) (Mill.) and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss were related to large amounts of fine branches and foliage. Compared with the dominants, shade-tolerant species had less differences in nutrient concentrations between small and large diameter portions of stems and branches, suggesting a limited capacity for retranslocation. Abiesbalsamea was particularly poor at conserving K. A conventional harvest often leaves small diameter stems of species (Abiesbalsamea, Acerrubrum L.) that accumulate large amounts of nutrients and that may be poorly adapted to low throughfall cation inputs and high light intensities following overstory removal. Replacement of stands of Pinus spp. by Populus spp. represents a less efficient use of site nutrient capital in that the latter species produce less biomass per unit nutrient retained in permanent aboveground tissues. Whole-tree harvesting on nutrient-poor sites in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest may lead to establishment of aspen stands of low productivity.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 6
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    Effects of Two Methods of Timber Harvesting on Microbial Processes in Forest Soil (1985)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 7
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    Use of Acetylene Reduction for Estimating Nitrogen Fixation in Woody Debris (1988)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1988-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0361-5995
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0661
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 8
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    Nutrient cycling following whole-tree and conventional harvest in northern mixed forest (1989)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-06-01
    Description: Soil and water chemistry and soil-respiration activity were studied in a mature, mixed conifer and hardwood forest and in adjacent whole-tree harvest (WTH) and conventional harvest (CH) areas dominated by hardwood sprouts. Compared with the uncut mature forest, forest floor contents of N and K were lower in the WTH area 3 years after harvest; Ca and Mg were higher in the CH area, probably owing to inputs in logging slash. Mineral soil Ca and pH were higher in the harvested areas than in the uncut area. During the 2nd year after harvest, cation concentrations in forest floor leachate varied in the order WTH 〉 CH 〉 uncut area, but differences largely disappeared the next year. Soil water NO3 concentrations were slightly elevated in the CH area, but only 1.6 kg N•ha−1•year−1 leached below the rooting zone. Bulk precipitation K and Mg concentrations were lower in the WTH area than in the CH area owing to the loss of canopy leaching from the residual stand. Slightly higher amounts of cations were found in the snowpack under the mature forest canopy. Midwinter rains caused movement of NO3 and H within the snowpack. Despite the higher soil-respiration rates in the harvested areas, no differences in soil organic matter pools were observed relative to the uncut area; harvest-related inputs of slash, decaying roots, and stumps may have offset respiratory carbon losses. Current high nutrient demands of rapidly growing sprouts in the WTH area greatly exceed nutrient inputs in bulk precipitation; this may lead to future growth declines.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Abundance and activity of N2-fixing bacteria in decaying wood (1991)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-01
    Description: Populations of N2-fixing bacteria exceeded 106/g in moderately decayed trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) and white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.) logs. Lower numbers were found in red maple (Acerrubrum L.) and conifer logs (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill., Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) at similar decay states. Populations were assayed using a combined-carbon medium in semisolid agar under aerobic conditions. Single carbon sources generally yielded lower and more variable numbers. With water and carbon supplements, aspen and birch wood showed high potential nitrogenase activity (〉400 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) at 30 °C under aerobic conditions, and even greater activity (〉1000 nmol C2H4•g−1•day−1) during a 3-day incubation under waterlogged conditions. In the absence of supplemental carbon, aspen wood remained active but birch wood did not. Wood from other species supported much lower nitrogenase activity under aerobic conditions, and waterlogging was strongly inhibitory. A highly decayed white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) log had low populations (
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Effects of Frankia on field performance of Alnus clones and seedlings (1993)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0032-079X
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-5036
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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