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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of derivatives of .mu.-conotoxin GIIIA on sodium channels. Single amino acid substitutions in the toxin separately affect association and dissociation rates (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 31 (1992), S. 8229-8238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00150a016
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic-oxidation behavior of TiAl and of TiAl alloys (1993)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 39 (1993), S. 93-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: cyclic oxidation ; TiAl ; TiAl alloys ; scale spallation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The cyclic-oxidation behavior of (in w/o) Ti-36Al, Ti-35Al-0.1C, Ti-35Al-1.4V-0.1C and Ti-35Al-5Nb-0.1C was studied between 800 and 1000° C in air. A few experiments were also performed in oxygen. Scale spallation after oxidation in air occurs during cooling on TiAl, TiAl-C, and TiAl-V at or close to the metal/scale interface when a critical scale thickness has been achieved. This process repeats and can lead to a stratified scale. These three materials form scales composed of an inward-growing fine-grain mixture of TiO2-Al2O3 and an outward-growing coarse-grain TiO2 layer or TiO2+Al2O3 mixture. The TiAl-Nb alloy had a significantly different behavior. The scale on this material grew very slowly because a protective Al2O3 layer formed at the metal/scale interface. This behavior resulted in much better resistance to spallation because the critical scale thickness was reached only after a much longer time, and is different from the behavior of the other three alloys. Oxidation in air leads to slight nitridation of the subsurface zone beneath the scale. In comparison to oxidation in air, oxidation in oxygen improves the cyclicoxidation behavior. Whereas the scale formed in air was uniformly thick over the entire surface, the scale grown in oxygen varied locally in structure and thickness. A large fraction of the surface was covered with a thin Al2O3 layer, while the remaining part formed a two-layer scale similar to that formed in air. The results are discussed briefly in the light of a recently published model for scale spallation under compressive stress, however, quantitative estimations are not possible due to a lack of relevant data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00666612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of isothermal oxidation of the intel-metallic TiAl and of TiAl alloys (1992)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 38 (1992), S. 425-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation mechanism ; TiAl ; TiAl alloys ; air ; oxygen ; nitridation ; Ti-Al-O phase diagram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation behavior of Ti36Al, Ti35Al-0.1C, Ti35Al-1.4V-0.1C, and Ti35 Al-5Nb-0.1C (mass-%) in air and oxygen has been studied between 700 and 1000°C with the major emphasis at 900°C. Generally an oxide scale consisting of two layers, an outward- and an inward-growing layer, formed. The outward-growing part of the scale consisted mainly of TiO2 (rutile), while the inward-growing part is composed of a mixture of TiO2 and α-Al2O3. A barrier layer of Al2O3 on TiAl between the inner and the outer part of the scale was visible for up to 300 hr. Under certain conditions, the Al2O3 barrier dissolved and re-precipitated in the outer TiO2 layer. This “shift” leads to an effect similar to breakaway oxidation. Only the alloy containing Nb formed a longlasting, protective Al2O3 layer, which was established at the metal/scale interface after an incubation period of 80–100 hr. During this time, Nb was enriched in the subsurface zone up to approximately 20 w/o. The growth of the oxide scale on TiAl-V obeyed a parabolic law, because no Al2O3 barrier layer formed; large Al2O3 particles were part of the outward-growing layer. A brittle α2-Ti3Al-layer rich in O formed beneath the oxide scale as a result of preferential Al oxidation particularly when oxidized in oxygen. Oxidation in air can lead also to formation of nitrides beneath the oxide scale. The nitridation can vary between the formation of isolated nitride particles and of a metal/Ti2AlN/ TiN/oxide, scale-layer system. Under certain conditions, nitride-layer formation seemed to favor protective Al2O23 formation at the metal/scale interface, however, in general nitridation was detrimental with the consequence that oxidation was generally more rapid in air than in oxygen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00665663
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new mechanism of granite emplacement: intrusion in active extensional shear zones (1990)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 343 (1990), S. 452-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our data come from the voluminous rapakivi granite suite of southern Greenland (Fig. 1). Reviews of the petrogenesis and significance of these early Proterozoic intrusions with their enigmatic large ovoid and mantled feldspars may be found elsewhere4'5. Although we comment later on the general ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/343452a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-T c superconducting Bi−Sr−Ca−Cu−O thin films prepared by laser-induced plasma deposition (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 78 (1990), S. 361-365 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract High-T c superconducting thin films of Bi−Sr−Ca−Cu oxides were prepared by laser-induced plasma deposition of high-T c superconducting Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox targets in vacuum and a short post-annealing in air at 875°C. Thin films (thickness 〈500 nm) with a critical temperatureT c -onset of 95 K can be prepared on silicon substrate material with a SrTiO3 interface layer. The thin films were completely superconducting between 80 and 90 K. The stoichiometry transfer of superconducting target material by laser-induced plasma deposition was investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313316
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of laser-induced plasma deposition of boron nitride (1990)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 81 (1990), S. 47-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS) was applied to the investigation of the composition of laser plasmas of three different boron nitride modifications (hexagonal α-boron nitride with graphite structure, cubic β-boron nitride with diamond structure and hexagonal γ-boron nitride resembling the wurtzite type). Thin films in the 10 nm range were produced in the ion source of the laser mass spectrograph by laser-induced plasma deposition. So we could carry out the plasma diagnostic and the preparation of thin films under the same condition. The cluster distribution in laser plasma is independent of the structure of the BN target. An explanation of laser-induced plasma deposition of boron nitride from the results of mass spectrometric analysis of laser plasmas and of the analysis of deposited thin films (TEM, EELS) was derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01454211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen regulated gene expression in facultatively anaerobic bacteria (1994)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 66 (1994), S. 3-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: facultatively anaerobic bacteria ; anaerobic gene regulation ; oxygen ; aerobic/anaerobic respiration ; metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In facultatively anaerobic bacteria such asEscherichia coli, oxygen and other electron acceptors fundamentally influence catabolic and anabolic pathways.E. coli is able to grow aerobically by respiration and in the absence of O2 by anaerobic respiration with nitrate, nitrite, fumarate, dimethylsulfoxide and trimethylamine N-oxide as acceptors or by fermentation. The expression of the various catabolic pathways occurs according to a hierarchy with 3 or 4 levels. Aerobic respiration at the highest level is followed by nitrate respiration (level 2), anaerobic respiration with the other acceptors (level 3) and fermentation. In other bacteria, different regulatory cascades with other underlying principles can be observed. Regulation of anabolism in response to O2 availability is important, too. It is caused by different requirements of cofactors or coenzymes in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and by the requirement for different O2-independent biosynthetic routes under anoxia. The regulation mainly occurs at the transcriptional level. InE. coli, 4 global regulatory systems are known to be essential for the aerobic/anaerobic switch and the described hierarchy. A two-component sensor/regulator system comprising ArcB (sensor) and ArcA (transcriptional regulator) is responsible for regulation of aerobic metabolism. The FNR protein is a transcriptional sensor-regulator protein which regulates anaerobic respiratory genes in response to O2 availability. The gene activator FhlA regulates fermentative formate and hydrogen metabolism with formate as the inductor. ArcA/B and FNR directly respond to O2, FhlA indirectly by decreased levels of formate in the presence of O2. Regulation of nitrate/nitrite catabolism is effected by two 2-component sensor/regulator systems NarX(Q)/NarL(P) in response to nitrate/nitrite. Co-operation of the different regulatory systems at the target promoters which are in part under dual (or manifold) transcriptional control causes the expression according to the hierarchy. The sensing of the environmental signals by the sensor proteins or domains is not well understood so far. FNR, which acts presumably as a cytoplasmic ‘one component’ sensor-regulator, is suggested to sense directly cytoplasmic O2-levels corresponding to the environmental O2-levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00871629
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Werkstoffkunde und Werkstoffprüfung für technische Berufe. Von E. Greven, 12. Auflage, durchgesehen und überarbeitet von Prof. Dr.-Ing. W. Margin, 304 Seiten, kartoniert, mit vielen Abb. und Tab., Verlag Handwerk und Technik, Hamburg 1994, DM 41,40, ISBN 3.582.02211.0 (1994)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 45 (1994), S. 680-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19940451210
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stoichiometric and structural analyses of thin high-Tc superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films on silicon (1991)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 341 (1991), S. 292-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary For the analyses of stoichiometry and structure of laser deposited Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films and yttria stabilized zirconia buffer layers on silicon, the methods XRF, PIXE with low incidence energy, RBS and XRD were used. In the results a change of stoichiometry from target into the thin film was observed and the spatial intensity distribution of the laser plasma was measured. The degree of interdiffusion of thin film and substrate and the formation of the perovskite-structure during post annealing were determined. The Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O films are highly c-axis oriented perpendicular to the surface and mainly consist of the low-Tc phase with c=30.8 A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321566
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis des K[OsF6]-Typs: Über die Konstitution von BaSnF6 und BaTiF6Professor Hans-Joachim Seifert zum 60. Geburtstage am 9. November 1990 gewidmet (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 591 (1990), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the K[OsF6] Type: The Constitution of BaSnF6 and BaTiF6Colourless single crystals of Ba[SnF6], a hitherto unknown representative of the K[OsF6] type as well Ba[TiF6] (Ba[SiF6] type) have been obtained.Ba[SnF6] (“Sealed copper) tube”; 28 d; 750°C; BaF2/met. Sn/CuF2 with Ba:Sn:Cu = 1:1:2) crystalizes in SPCG. R3 with a = 742.79(9) pm and c = 741.8(2) pm, (Four-circle diffractometer, Siemens AED 2, MoKα, R = 3.64% and Rw = 3.79%, 344 of 2047 Io(hkl). Ba[TiF6] (“Sealed copper tube”; 35 d; 650°C; BaF2/met. Ti/CuF2 with Ba:Ti:Cu = 1:1:2) crystalizes in the space group R3m with a = 736.76(9) pm and c = 725.2(1) pm, (Four-circle diffractometer, Siemens AED 2, MoKα, R = 2.33% and Rw = 2.31%, 202 of 2004 Io (hkl).BaSnF6 which is characterized by single crystal data is the first representative of the K[OsF6] type. Its structure is compared with that of Ba[TiF6], a fellow of the Ba[SiF6] type.The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, “Mean Fictive Ionic Radii, MEFIR”, and “Effective Coordination Numbers, ECoN”, as well as the Charge Distribution, “CHARDI”, are calculated and discussed.
    Notes: Erstmals wurden farblose, rhomboedrische Einkristalle von Ba[SnF6] („Kupferbömbchen“; 28 d; 750°C; Gemenge BaF2/met. Sn/CuF2 im Verhältnis Ba:Sn;Cu = 1:1:2) und Ba[TiF6] („Kupferbombe“; 35 d; 650°C; Gemenge BaF2/met. Ti/CuF2 im Verhältnis Ba:Ti:Cu=1:1:2) erhalten. Ba[SnF6] kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe R3 mit a = 742,79(9) pm und c = 741,8(2) pm, Vierkreisdiffraktometer Siemens AED 2, MoKα, R = 3,64% und Rw = 3,79% mit 344 aus 2047 gemessenen Io(hkl), Ba[TiF6] dagegen in R3m mit a = 736,76(9) pm und c = 725,2(1) pm, (Vierkreisdiffraktometer Siemens) AED 2, MoKα, R = 2,33% und Rw = 2,31% mit 202 aus 2004 gemessenen Io(hkl)) kristallisiert.Ba[SnF6] ist der erste Vertreter des K[OsF6]-Typs, dessen Struktur durch Einkristalldaten belegt wird. Die Struktur wird mit der von Ba[TiF6], einem Vertreter des Ba[SiF6]-Typs, verglichen.Der Madelunganteil der Gitterenergie, MAPLE, sowie „Mittlere Fiktive Ionenradien, MEFIR“, und „Effektive Koordinationszahlen, ECoN“, sowie die „Ladungsverteilungen“, „CHARDI“, werden berechnet und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19905910102
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