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  • Other Sources  (3,016)
  • 1990-1994  (3,016)
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  • 1
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    Radiation shielding estimates for manned Mars space flight (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In the analysis of the required radiation shielding protection of spacecraft during a Mars flight, specific effects of solar activity (SA) on the intensity of galactic and solar cosmic rays were taken into consideration. Three spaceflight periods were considered: (1) maximum SA; (2) minimum SA; and (3) intermediate SA, when intensities of both galactic and solar cosmic rays are moderately high. Scenarios of spaceflights utilizing liquid-propellant rocket engines, low- and intermediate-thrust nuclear electrojet engines, and nuclear rocket engines, all of which have been designed in the Soviet Union, are reviewed. Calculations were performed on the basis of a set of standards for radiation protection approved by the U.S.S.R. State Committee for Standards. It was found that the lowest estimated mass of a Mars spacecraft, including the radiation shielding mass, obtained using a combination of a liquid propellant engine with low and intermediate thrust nuclear electrojet engines, would be 500-550 metric tons.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: International Journal Of Radiation Applications And Instrumentation. Part D, Nuclear Tracks And Radiation Measurements (ISSN 0735-245X); 20; 1; 29-32
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  • 2
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    Nonlogarithmic magnetization relaxation at the initial time intervals and magnetic field dependence of the flux creep rate in Bi2Sr2Ca(sub I)Cu2Ox single crystals (1990)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: At the initial time intervals, preceding the thermally activated flux creep regime, fast nonlogarithmic relaxation is found. The fully magnetic moment Pm(t) relaxation curve is shown. The magnetic measurements were made using SQUID-magnetometer. Two different relaxation regimes exist. The nonlogarithmic relaxation for the initial time intervals may be related to the viscous Abrikosov vortices flow with j is greater than j(sub c) for high enough temperature T and magnetic field induction B. This assumption correlates with Pm(t) measurements. The characteristic time t(sub O) separating two different relaxation regimes decreases as temperature and magnetic field are lowered. The logarithmic magnetization relaxation curves Pm(t) for fixed temperature and different external magnetic field inductions B are given. The relaxation rate dependence on magnetic field, R(B) = dPm(B, T sub O)/d(1nt) has a sharp maximum which is similar to that found for R(T) temperature dependences. The maximum shifts to lower fields as temperature goes up. The observed sharp maximum is related to a topological transition in shielding critical current distribution and, consequently, in Abrikosov vortices density. The nonlogarithmic magnetization relaxation for the initial time intervals is found. This fast relaxation has almost an exponentional character. The sharp relaxation rate R(B) maximum is observed. This maximum corresponds to a topological transition in Abrikosov vortices distribution.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, AMSAHTS 1990: Advances in Materials Science and Applications of High Temperature Superconductors; p 9-10
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  • 3
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    Effects of hydrodynamics and thermal radiation in the atmosphere after comet impacts (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: Radiation phenomena in the atmosphere after impacts of cosmic bodies have special features in comparison with the surface nuclear explosions. First, initial concentration of energy after the impact is lower, and second, a wake after the passage of the meteoroid through the atmosphere has a dramatic effect on the atmospheric flow and radiation transfer. Consequently, scaling laws can not be employed for prediction of the flow in the atmosphere and the light flux on the Earth's surface. If a density of high-velocity impactor is low relative to the ground, as in a case of a comet impact on rocks, a major part of the kinetic energy is converted to internal energy of dense hot vapors. But radiation effects can be essential even for fairly low velocities of the impactor. To clarify this issue we have undertaken calculations of 100-Mt explosions at the Earth's surface caused by small comets with velocities from 10 to 70 km/sec. That is, the initial concentration of energy has been varied. The calculations have shown that for velocities of the comet greater or about 20 km/sec a portion of energy emitted from the fireball exceeds 20% of the total energy of the explosion and this quantity does not change very much with the velocity. Other aspects of this investigation are discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1067-1068
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  • 4
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    Application of pattern recognition algorithm in the seismic belts of Indian convergent plate margin - M8 algorithm (1992)
    In:  Proc. Indian Acad. Sci., Warszawa, Pergamon, vol. 101, no. 7030, pp. 239-254, pp. L14313, (ISBN: 0534351875, 2nd edition)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992
    Keywords: Pattern recognition ; Statistical investigations ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY SEISMOLOGY
  • 5
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    KONUS-W gamma-ray burst experiment for ISTP WIND spacecraft (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The primary task of the KONUS-W experiment to be flown on board the WIND spacecraft is to observe gamma-ray bursts and solar flares with moderate and high time resolution. The scientific objectives of the experiment include the study of continuum energy spectra and spectral features of these events in the energy range of 10 keV to 10 MeV as well as their time histories in soft, medium, and hard energy bands with a time resolution up to 2 ms. The general design and operation of the KONUS-W gamma-ray detector are briefly described, and the nomial program of burst observations is examined.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: In: Gamma-ray bursts; Proceedings of the Workshop, Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, Oct. 16-18, 1991 (A93-40051 16-93); p. 359-362.
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  • 6
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    Observations of x ray pulsars from the Kvant module (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-13
    Description: The Roentgen international x ray observatory on the Kvant module of the Mir space station has been successfully operating since the beginning of June 1987. Many x ray sources were observed and among them were several x ray pulsars. Four telescopes mounted on board the Kvant module cover a wide energy range with good timing resolution. Timing analysis of the Kvant module data suffers from the presence of only short continuous intervals of source observations, separated by 90 min gaps (90 min is the orbital period of the Mir space station around the Earth). The presence of 90 min gaps leads to the appearance of beat frequencies v=v sub 0 + or - n/90 min (n = 1, 2, 3). Special analysis was applied to avoid this difficulty. Results are presented of the pulsation period measurements of the x ray pulsars Her X-1, Cen X-3, SMC X-1, Vela X-1, A0535 + 26 by the instruments on board the Kvant module in 1987 to 1989. The values of the periods are reduced to the solar system barycenter and to the binary system barycenter (excluding A0535 + 26).
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: NAS-NRC, High-Energy Astrophysics. American and Soviet Perspectives; p 134-143
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  • 7
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    Determination of meteor flux distribution over the celestial sphere (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: A new method of determination of meteor flux density distribution over the celestial sphere is discussed. The flux density was derived from observations by radar together with measurements of angles of arrival of radio waves reflected from meteor trails. The role of small meteor showers over the sporadic background is shown.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Asteroids, Comets, Meteors 1991; p 17-22
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  • 8
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    On magnetodynamic effects initiated by a high-speed impact of a large cosmic body upon the Earth's surface (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The impact of a large cosmic body with typical size R approximately = 1 km (mass M approximately = 4-10 Gt for a stony or icy body) moving with velocity V approximately = 50-70 km/s (kinetic energy of the order of 10 exp 21 J or 10 exp 6 Mt of TMT) on the Earth's surface leads to a full vaporization of a body and of a significant part of substance of the upper layers of the Earth and even to the ionization of this vapor cloud. As a result, a hypersonic jet of air and erosion plasma is formed. The kinetic energy E sub J is far above the total energy of the geomagnetic field of the Earth (approximately equivalent to the energy of 100 Mt) and the total mass of a fast-moving part of the jet M sub j approximately = 10 exp 12 kg is far above the mass of atmosphere in the jet expansion cone. Thus, the jet will propagate practically inertially with the constant mean velocity U approximately = 10-20 km/s and even higher. The interaction of this plasma jet with the Earth's magnetic field causes magnetodynamic effects similar to those which are produced by cosmic nuclear explosions but of a larger scale. The preliminary results of experimental and numerical modeling of the plasma jet-magnetosphere interaction are presented.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Fourth Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Part 3: N-Z; p 1063-1064
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  • 9
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    Target fragments in collisions of 1.8 GeV/nucleon 56Fe nuclei with photoemulsion nuclei, and the cascade-evaporation model (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Nuclear photographic emulsion is used to study the dependence of the characteristics of target-nucleus fragments on the masses and impact parameters of interacting nuclei. The data obtained are compared in all details with the calculation results made in terms of the Dubna version of the cascade-evaporation model (DCM).
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Nuclear physics. A (ISSN 0375-9474); 530; 759-69
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  • 10
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    Multiplicities of secondaries in interactions of 1.8 GeV/nucleon 56Fe nuclei with photoemulsion and the cascade evaporation model (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A nuclear photographic emulsion method was used to study the charge-state, ionization, and angular characteristics of secondaries produced in inelastic interactions of 56Fe nuclei at 1.8 GeV/nucleon with H, CNO, and AgBr nuclei. The data obtained are compared with the results of calculations made in terms of the Dubna version of the cascade evaporation model (DCM). The DCM has been shown to satisfactorily describe most of the interaction characteristics for two nuclei in the studied reactions. At the same time, quantitative differences are observed in some cases.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Nuclear physics. A (ISSN 0375-9474); 509; 783-99
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