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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolane durch Ozonolyse von Cycloalkylidencycloalkanen auf Polyethylen (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Ozonolysis ; Cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes ; Dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes ; Thermolysis ; Photolysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes by Ozonolysis of Cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes on PolyethyleneOzonolyses of symmetrical (1b - d) and of unsymmetrical cycloalkylidenecycloalkanes (8a, b) afforded the dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes 4b - d and 9a, b, respectively. Their thermal decompositions gave mixtures of the cyclic ketones (3) and lactones (6). Photolyses afforded in addition to 3 and 6 the cyclic anhydrides 13, which are isomeric with the corresponding dispiro-1,2,4-trioxolanes.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19911240224
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen enantiomers in dogs (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 3 (1991), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: ibuprofen ; enantiomer ; stereoselectivity ; chiral inversion ; pharmacokinetics ; dog ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Inversion of inactive (R)-ibuprofen to active (S)-ibuprofen has been suggested to occur presystemically only. In order to investigate the site of inversion in dogs we administered both enantiomers either intravenously or intraduodenally (10 mg/kg) to adult, male beagle dogs (n = 3) in a crossover design. Plasma, urine, and bile were collected for up to 6 h and analyzed stereospecifically by HPLC, according to a previously published method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using a linear computer program. Absorption after intraduodenal administration occurred rapidly, resulting in maximum plasma concentrations 0.2 h after giving the enantiomer. Approximately 70% of the (R)-enantiomer (according to AUC) was inverted to the S-enantiomer independent of route of administration. No R-ibuprofen could be detected in plasma after (S)-ibuprofen administration. Mean residence time was found to be 2 to 3 times longer for (S)-than for (R)-ibuprofen. Total systemic clearance from plasma was twice as high for (R)- than for (S)-ibuprofen. There were no differences between plasma clearances after intravenous and intraduodenal administration. Between 8 and 17% of dose was recovered in bile [especially as free and conjugated (S)-ibuprofen] and 3-12% in urine [as (S)-ibuprofen, hydroxy- and carboxyibuprofen, free and conjugated forms]. Small amounts of (R)-ibuprofen were detected in bile after intraduodenal administration of (R)-ibuprofen only (1.8% of dose). In short, the unidirectional inversion of R-ibuprofen appears to occur systemically rather than presystemically in dogs.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530030304
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity of biliary excretion of 2-arylpropionates in rats (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 5 (1993), S. 422-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: 2-arylpropionates ; enantiomers ; stereoselectivity ; chiral inversion ; pharmacokinetics ; bile-duct cannulated rats ; biliary excretion ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To examine the stereoselectivity of biliary excretion, the optically pure enantiomers of ketoprofen (KT), ibuprofen (IBU), and flurbiprofen (FLU) were intravenously administered to normal and bile duct-cannulated rats at 10 mg/kg. The recovery of total KT in bile was significantly higher after administration of (S)-KT than after (R)-KT [90.1 ± 3.5% vs 68.8 ± 8.2%, n =3, P 〈 0.05]. In normal rats the terminal half-life of (R)-KT was significantly shorter than that of (S)-KT after administration of (R)-KT (2.2 ± 0.6 h vs 14.3 ± 4.9 h, n = 3, P 〈 0.05). The terminal half-life of both enantiomers was significantly shorter in rats with continuous bile drainage as compared to normal rats. No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters could be found between both enantiomers in bile duct-cannulated animals. The total amount of IBU in bile was slightly higher after administration of (S)-IBU than after (R)-IBU administration. The percentage of (R)-IBU after (R)-IBU administration, however, was very low [(R)-IBU: 1.5 ± 0.9%, (S)-IBU: 23.4 ± 5.8%]. In normal rats the clearance of (R)-IBU was significantly higher as compared to (S)-IBU. Differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between normal and bile duct-cannulated rats were not statistically significant due to high interindividual variability. The total recovery of FLU, which was excreted in bile to a lower extent than either KT or IBU, also tended to be greater after S-enantiomer administration. Only small amounts of (S)-FLU could be recovered in bile after (R)-FLU administration. The pharmacokinetic parameters did not differ significantly between (R)- and (S)-FLU or between normal and bile duct-cannulated rats due to its low inversion rate and low excretion via bile. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chir.530050606
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basic characteristics of spinel type manganese mixed oxide/titanium composite anodes for electroorganic redox catalysisDedicated to Professor Dr. Hartmut Wendt on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 17 (1994), S. 338-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Manganese mixed oxide composite layers of about 1 μm thickness on titanium sheet as substrate were fabricated by firing of the corresponding nitrates at a typical temperature of 400°C in air. The activity of these anodes was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (10 mV/s) and the stability was determined by chronopotentiometry (2.5 mA/cm2) in 1M H2SO4. The oxidation of 2-propanol was examined as a simple electroorganic model reaction. The quality of a first category of mixed oxides with general composition MnMe2O4 decresed in the order Me = Co, Ni, Fe. In a second group with the general formula MeMn2O4 a decrease in the order Me = Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, Zn, Cd, Ca, Mg, (Zn, Ge), Li was observed. The corresponding candidates of the second group were superior to those of the first. The anode service life τ of the optimum spinel anode CoMn2O4/Ti is dependent on the current density, according to jλ τ = const. (λ = 1.7). Thus high current densities are precluded. The mechanism has been discussed in terms of a heterogeneous redox catalysis: surface Mn(VII) states are formed in a slow electrochemical step. In a subsequent fast chemical oxidation of the organic molecule the original reduced state is regenerated. This also explains the comparatively good service life of these anodes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270170508
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anodic dehalogenation of 1,2-dichloroethane in aqueous electrolytesDedicated to Professor Dr. Karl-Hans Simmrock on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemical Engineering & Technology - CET 13 (1990), S. 371-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A solution of 0.1 M 1,2-dichloroethane in 1 M H2SO4 was anodically converted to CO2, Cl2 and HCIO4 as the main products at smooth platinum. The current efficiency for CO2 exceeds 60% at low current densities, while HClO4 is obtained with about 20% current efficiency. Chlorinated products such as 1,2′,2-trichloroethane are formed in negligible amounts. Platinum plays a distinctive role as anode material and shows a reaction limited anodic prewave. Our experimental findings lead to a mechanism, whereby DCE is initially hydroxylated to form chloroacetaldehyde chlorohydrin which releases HCl and becomes rapidly further oxidized to monochloroacetic acid. The cleavage of the C—C bond proceeds via its anodic decarboxylation. Possible practical applications in the field of anodic water purification and in the direct electrosynthesis of vinyl chloride are discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.270130150
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance signals of very highly charged atomic ionsContribution from the 2nd European FTMS Workshop, Antwerp, Belgium, September 1993. (1994)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 8 (1994), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the first application of Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry to the very highly charged ions produced in the high-energy electron beam ion trap (SuperEBIT) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Initial results are described, and spectra are presented from ions as highly charged as Cs53+.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290080202
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation of homologous fatty acids by capillary electrophoresis (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Microcolumn Separations 6 (1994), S. 565-570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-7685
    Keywords: capillary electrophoresis ; fatty acids ; reversed EOF ; indirect UV detection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Capillary electrophoretic methods with normal and reversed electroosmotic flows (EOF) and indirect UV detection were developed for the separation of fatty acids. Rapid separation of acids up to C12 was achieved via reversed EOF using 30% acetone, a cationic surfactant and 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid as carrier electrolyte. Analysis of acids up to C18 was feasible by normal EOF with 60% acetonitrile and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid as carrier. Also investigated was the influence of the concentration of various organic solvents on the magnitude and direction of the EOF and on the solubility of the fatty acid solutes. The reversed EOF method was applied to the analysis of acids in fat hydrolysates.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mcs.1220060606
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubility characteristics of poly(etheretherketone) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 45 (1992), S. 1361-1366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystalline high-performance polymers poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) and poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) are generally considered to be highly resistant to dissolution in most common solvents. This article reveals numerous compounds that dissolve in excess of 25 wt % of each polymer at elevated temperatures. Typical binary-phase diagrams depicting the minimum solubility temperature vs. concentration are also presented for several representative polymer-solvent mixtures for both PEEK and PPS. The phenomenon of the solvent-induced crystallization of PEEK is presented. The importance of these polymer-solvent systems for the preparation of permselective membranes is discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070450806
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative solubility of tetrachlorohexafluorobisphenol-A polycarbonate in various compounds (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 2161-2167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relative solubility of tetrachlorohexafluorobisphenol-A polycarbonate was observed in 127 organic compounds comprising 14 different chemical classes at room temperature and up to about 225°C. The polymer is soluble in numerous esters, ketones, halocarbons, heterocyclics, and amides. It is poorly soluble in alcohols and fluorocarbons. Correlation of observed solubility with Hildebrand total solubility parameters was poor; a much better correlation was observed with Hansen three-dimensional parameters. The solubility parameter of the polymer was estimated to be 9.1 (cal/cm3)1/2 (18.7 MPa1/2) from the averages of the Hansen parameters for 26 experimentally identified solvents. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070471210
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase behavior of mixtures of tetrabromobisphenol-A polycarbonate in solvents and nonsolvents (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 48 (1993), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The relative solubility and phase relationships are presented for ternary mixtures consisting of the polymer tetrabromobisphenol-A polycarbonate in three representative good solvents and nine nonsolvents. The effects of temperature, composition, compound structure, compound molecular weight, and hydroxyl concentration upon the relative solvent power of the liquid mixtures and thus upon the phase borders separating one phase from multiphase compositions are discussed. The importance of such information for the preparation of permselective membranes is emphasized. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070480102
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