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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laserinterferometer zur berührungslosen Messung von Längenänderungen im Nanometer-Bereich (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 23 (1992), S. 197-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Laser-Interferometer for Non-contacting Measurements of Displacements in the Range of NanometersA prototype laser-interferometer with a computer-aided control and evaluation system was developed and attached to a commercial tensile testing equipment for testing. With microhardness indentations as markers it is possible to determine displacement changes with a resolution of about one nanometer. The capabilities of this test system are demonstrated e.g. by measurements of the static Young's modulus, the determination of the crack opening behaviour and the coefficient of thermal expansion of Cu-specimens.
    Notes: Ein Laser-Interferometer mit einem rechnergestützten Auswerteverfahren wurde in einer Prototypentwicklung an eine kommerzielle Zugprüfmaschine angepaßt und erprobt. Mit Hilfe von als Meßmarken dienenden Mikrohärteeindrücken erlaubt dieses Meßsystem. Abstandsänderungen mit einer Auflösung von etwa 1 Nanometer zu bestimmen. Die Funktionsfähigkeit dieser Meßanordnung wird an Beispielen der E-Modulmessung der Bestimmung des Rißöffnungsverhaltens und des Wärmeausdehnungs-koeffizienten von Cu-Proben demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19920230603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The synthesis of a mesogenic poly(azine-ether) by polyetherification via cesium diphenoxides and α,ω-dibromoalkanes (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1355-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyether ; cesium ; phenoxide ; liquid crystalline ; dibromodecane ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of a poly(azine-ether) via Williamson etherification using the cesium salt of 4-hydroxyacetophenone azine and 1,10-dibromodecane was carried out in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The heterogeneous reaction proceeded readily at temperatures from ambient to 150°C. Polymers of varying molecular weight with essentially alkyl bromide end groups were produced either by changing the polymerization temperature or by using an excess of the organic substrate. The thermal stability of the polymers was molecular weight dependent and those with the highest DPn exhibited monotropic nematic mesomorphism.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300713
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline lonomers. I. Main-chain liquid crystalline polymer containing pendant sulfonate groups (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 91-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: main-chain liquid crystalline polymers ; nematic ; mesophase ; sulfonate ; ionomer ; synthesis ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline polymers containing sodium sulfonate groups pendant to the polymer backbone were synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction of brilliant yellow, a sulfonate-containing monomer, with 4,4′-dihydroxy-α,α′-dimethyl benzalazine and a 50/50 mixture of sebacoyl and dodecanedioyl dichlorides. Polymers containing up to ca. 4 mol% brilliant yellow were characterized by elemental analysis and ultraviolet spectroscopy. The polymers were thermally stable to about 300°C, and they exhibited a broad nematic mesophase region of 70-100°C. The solution viscosity behavior in chloroform suggested that intramolecular associations of the sulfonate groups occurred at low polymer concentrations and intermolecular associations predominated at higher concentrations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline ionomers. II. Main chain liquid crystalline polymers with terminal sulfonate groups (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 989-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: main chain liquid crystalline polymers ; nematic ; mesophase ; sulfonate ; ionomer ; synthesis ; characterization ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid crystalline ionomers containing sulfonate groups on the terminal unit of the chain were synthesized by an interfacial condensation reaction of 4,4′-dihydroxy-α,α′-dimethyl benzalazine, the monofunctional dye fast yellow (FY), and a 50/50 mixture of sebacoyl and dodecanedioyl dichlorides. The weight-average molecular weights were estimated from inherent viscosity measurements to be between 6000-11,000 and the sodium sulfonate concentrations ranged from 0-18.4 meq/100 g polymer. Elemental analyses, however, indicated much higher molecular weights, which suggested that there was a distribution of chains with one, two, or no FY endgroups. The polymers were semicrystalline and melted at ca. 140°C to form nematic mesophases that were stable over a temperature range of ca. 80°C. They were thermally stable to about 350°C. The ionomeric nature of the polymers was confirmed by the presence of intermolecular associations in nonpolar solvents, as demonstrated by dilute solution viscosity measurements.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300605
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of polyamides of 3,3′-dimethylnaphthidine and its model compounds (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1051-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyamides ; naphthidine ; liquid crystalline polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of polyamides and model amides based on 3,3′-dimethylnaphthidine and various dicarboxylic acids were synthesized in N-methylpyrrolidone containing lithium chloride either by low temperature solution or by direct polycondensation using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine. The polyamides had inherent viscosities of 0.36-5.42 dL g-1 and were, in general, readily soluble in N-methylpyrrolidone. Amorphous members exhibited relatively high glass transition temperatures in the range of 340-380 and 200-230°C for aromatic and aliphatic polymers, respectively. All polyamides showed good thermal stability in nitrogen and in air.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Model-Based On-Line Analysis of Disperse Systems on the example of digital fourier spectroscopyDedicated to Professor Friedrich Löffler on the occasion of his 60th birthday (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Particle and Particle Systems Characterization 10 (1993), S. 339-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0934-0866
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: With progress in the advancement of measuring techniques and information processing, it is increasingly possible to analyse even complex signals with on-line methods. After fundamental considerations concerning the evaluation of such signals, digital Fourier spectroscopy is explained as an example of a new development. With this method the image of a particle collection will be transformed by the Fourier transformation. Methods such as used with laser diffraction spectrometry are applied to calculate back to the particle size distribution. After a description of the principles of the procedure, its application is demonstrated by different examples. It can be shown that digital Fourier spectroscopy is superior to conventional image analysis methods especially if the particle density in the image is high and the particles overlap. In a further development step it should be possible to determine the particle size distribution of the bulk from an image of its surface.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.19930100608
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miscibility enhancement of polystyrene and poly(alkylene oxide) blends using specific intermolecular interactions (1990)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 41 (1990), S. 91-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Acid-base interactions were used to enhance the miscibility of blends of polystyrene and oligomeric poly(alkylene oxide). The polystyrene was modified by sulfonation of less than 5% of the styrene rings. The poly(alkylene oxides) were low molar mass polyethylene oxide chains (M = 900 and 6000) that were end capped with propyl amine groups. Blends of the poly(alkylene oxide) diamines with polystyrene were immiscible. Blends with the sulfonated polystyrenes were miscible due to proton transfer from the sulfonic acid groups to the basic amino groups of the functionalized poly(alkylene oxide). This was confirmed by FTIR. DSC and dynamic mechanical analyses were used to verify the one- or two-phase nature of the blends.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1990.070410108
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of blends of an amorphous polyamide with lightly sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 517-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Improved compatibility of blends of polystyrene and an amorphous polyamide was achieved by lightly sulfonating the polystyrene. Hydrogen bonding between amide groups and either sulfonic acid or metal sulfonate groups lowered the interfacial tension between the two polymers, which led to a much finer dispersed phase size in blends involving the sulfonated polystyrene. At relatively high sulfonate to amide ratios, the two polymers formed a miscible blend. Improved mixing of the phases was verified by shifts in the glass transitions, and the specific interactions that occurred were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320802
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Liquid crystalline polymer/fluoropolymer blends: Preparation and properties of unidirectional “prepregs” and composite laminates (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 838-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Extruded films of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)/fluoropolymer blends were melt drawn to develop uniaxial orientation of a microfibrillar dispersed LCP phase. The anisotropy of the films increased with increasing draw and LCP content in the blend. Laminated composite plates were prepared using the extruded sheets as prepreg. The mechanical properties and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the prepreg and laminates agreed well with predictions from composite lamination theories. The potential for replacing glass fiber reinforced fluoropolymers with LCP/fluoropolymer blends in applications such as microwave circuit boards is discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331308
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Regioselektivität von Wittig-Horner- und Reformatsky-Reaktionen an ausgewählten 3,17-Dioxosteroiden (1990)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal für Praktische Chemie/Chemiker-Zeitung 332 (1990), S. 367-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8383
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Investigations on Regioselectivity of Wittig-Horner and Reformatsky-Reactions on Selected 3,17-Dioxo SteroidsThe Reformatsky synthesis and the Wittig-Horner olefination of 3,17-dioxo steroids like androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) 1 and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (AD) 2 is described. There are differences in the regioselective introduction of identical substructures with these two methods resulting from different nucleophilicity and stereoelectronical relations of these two reagents. In Reformatsky synthesis the oxo group in 3-position predominantly reacts, whereas in the Wittig-Horner olefination (in the case of 1) the reaction occurs mainly in the 17-position.The structures of all new compounds has been confirmed by spectroscopical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prac.19903320314
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