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  • Springer  (337)
  • 1990-1994  (309)
  • 1955-1959  (28)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive evolution in the rat olfactory receptor gene family (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 36 (1993), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Adaptive evolution ; Olfactory receptor ; Multigene families
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Comparison of DNA sequences of the rat (Rattus norvegicus) olfactory receptor gene family revealed an unusual pattern of nucleotide substitution in the gene region encoding the second extracellular domain (E2) of the protein. In this domain, nonsynonymous nucleotide differences between members of this subfamily that caused a change in amino acid residue polarity were over four times more frequent than nonsynonymous differences that did not cause a polarity change. This nonrandom pattern of nucleotide substitution is evidence of past directional selection favoring diversification of the E2 domain among members of this subfamily. This in turn suggests that E2 may play some important role in the functions unique to each member of the olfactory receptor family, and that it may perhaps be an odorant binding domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00160480
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book reviews (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 550-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01201962
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An attempt to anticipate biological control ofDiuraphis noxia (Hom., Aphididae) (1994)
    Springer
    BioControl 39 (1994), S. 211-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Diuraphis noxia ; Aphelinus varipes ; Australia ; anticipating biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour répondre à la menace que représente pour la céréaliculture australienne la dispersion mondiale deDiuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), il a été procédé à un essai de lutte biologique préventive par l'introduction d'un parasitoïde oligophageAphelinus varipes (Foerster) dans la biocénose aphidienne présente actuellement sur les céréales d'Australie. Des précisions sont données sur l'origine du parasitoïde utilisé, son introduction, son élevage et son lâcher en Australie, ainsi que sur les études connexes au champ et en laboratoire.A. varipes ne semble pas s'être acclimaté jusqu'à maintenant; les causes possibles sont analysées et discutées.
    Notes: Abstract Responding to the threat posed to the Australian wheat industry by the world-wide spread of the Russian wheat aphid,Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), an attempt to anticipate its biological control was made by introducing its oligophagous hymenopteran parasiteAphelinus varipes (Foerster) into the current Australian cereal aphid community. Details, of the source of the parasite material and its introduction, mass-rearing and release in Australia, together with follow-up studies in the field and laboratory are given. No evidence of establishment has been found so far and the possible reasons for this are explored and discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372359
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laboratory evaluation of parasitic hymenoptera used in attempts to biologically control aphid pests of crops in Australia (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Parasitic hymenoptera ; biological control ; aphid pests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As an integral part of a programme to attempt the biological control of several crop-infesting aphid pests in Australia by the introduction of specific hymenopterous parasites, a laboratory technique to try to predict their likely effectiveness in the field, was developed with the aim of improving selection of natural enemies in future. It was based on demonstrating whether the parasites attack a greater proportion of their hosts with increased host density, i.e. whether they show a Type 3 functional response (Holling, 1959). To overcome the problem of super-parasitisation at low densities when a parasite is confined with aphids on one plant (van Lenteren & Bakker, 1976) we used several plants in a large cage, all with the same density of host aphids. A parasite released into such a cage searches for and attacks the aphids on one plant, then leaves it to repeat the process on a second plant, and so on. After a standard exposure time the parasitisation rate is estimated separately for the aphids on each plant and the average performance of the parasite calculated. Using this technique for seven parasites introduced into Australia for biological control of crop aphids, only one, Aphidius salicis Halliday, attacking carrot aphid showed a Type 3 response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343577
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the general character of coastal flow (1990)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 133 (1990), S. 665-689 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Hydraulics ; coastal ; current ; topographic drag ; recirculating ; specific momentum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract It is well-known that some coastal currents such as the Florida Current have a recirculating region on their coastal side, while other currents such as the East Australian Current have no such region. Under the hypothesis that the form drag on a coastal current by an irregular coastal topography reduces the momentum transport of the current to a minimum for the given flow within the current, the hydraulic theory of coastal currents is used to explain this behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00876227
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Horizontal, vertical and seasonal distributions of epiphytic hydrozoa on the algaHalimeda tuna in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 110 (1991), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The thalli ofHalimeda tuna (Ellis & Solander) grow horizontally from rocky surfaces and present an upper and lower surface which can be colonized by epiphytes. Thalli ofH. tuna were collected twice a month from March 1985 to March 1986 at Tossa de Mar (northeast Spain). Thirty five species of hydroid were recorded living onH. tuna thalli; of these, the 15 most abundant species were classified into three groups on the basis of their horizontal zonation on the thalli: those most abundant on the proximal, medial or distal articles. Those hydroids common on the proximal (oldest) articles were relatively large and were present throughout the year, those common on the medial articles were smaller and often occurred in dense monospecific patches, while those common on the distal (youngest) articles were present for only short periods and were the most opportunistic hydroids found onH. tuna. We hypothesize that this zonation reflects interspecific niche-selection, enabling successful competition for space with other hydroids, algae and bryozonas. Three hydroid species were more abundant on the upper surfaces of the algae than on the lower, probably because of gravitationally enhanced settlement of planula larvae coupled with (unusually) limited hydrorhizal growth on the underside. Three opportunistic species were more common on the lower surfaces of the thalli, possibly reflecting the greater availability of substratum in the shade, where epiphytic algae were less abundant. Many hydroids declined in abundance in summer because of the death of old thalli, the growth of new thalli and of apical articles on existing thalli, and possibly because of interspecific competition with epiphytic algae. The death of old thalli and the growth of new thalli reduced the abundance of epiphytic algae; this may have facilitated the increase in abundance of hydroids recorded in the autumn.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01313102
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-fertilisation in Celleporella hyalina (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 115 (1993), S. 495-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Employing recently developed culture methods, 21 colonies of the hermaphroditic bryozoan Celleporella hyalina (L.) established as primary zooids, were grown in isolation for 70 or 79 d before being placed in a communal location, to investigate the possibility of autogamy. Colonies grew rapidly, with compact circular form and a low perimeter:area ratio. Autozooids and sexual zooids were produced as normal. Five colonies produced embryos after 5wk, and only two colonies remained barren for the duration of the isolation period. Placement in communal location was accompanied by substantially increased larval output. In control colonies where isolation was prolonged, brooding activity remained low. Abortion was frequent, and settlement of the few larvae produced in isolation was never observed. It was concluded that although self-fertilisation may be available as an “emergency option”, C. hyalina is routinely outcrossing in nature. The frequent abortion and apparent absence of settlement in autogamous offspring suggest that these offspring may be of reduced fitness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349848
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of the interleukin-1 gene family in mammals (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 39 (1994), S. 6-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Mammals ; Gene family ; Interleukin-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogeny of interleukin-1 family genes shows that human interleukin-1α (IL-1α) is more closely related to IL-1α of the bovine than to IL-1α of the mouse, whereas human interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is more closely related to IL-1α of the mouse than to IL-1β of the bovine. The IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1α) shows homology to the C-terminal region of both IL-1α and IL-1β. In the C-terminal region, the IL-1α genes of human and mouse have diverged more from each other at nonsynonymous sites than have either IL-1β or IL-1α; because the same pattern is not seen at synonymous sites, it must be due not to a difference in mutation rate but rather to a greater degree of functional constraint on this region in the IL-1β and IL-1α proteins than in the IL-1α protein. But synonymous sites in IL-1β of mouse have evolved more rapidly than in IL-1β of human, indicating a higher rate of mutation in the former gene. In the N-terminal region of the protein, nonsynonymous sites have evolved at similar rates in IL-1α and IL-1β. The first exon of the IL-1α gene, which encodes the leader peptide, shows evidence of homology with the first exon of IL-1β, which is not translated. Thus, it seems likely that IL-1α evolved by duplication of an IL-1β gene and loss of expression of exons 2–4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00178244
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphism in human IL-1 receptor antagonist gene intron 2 is caused by variable numbers of an 86-bp tandem repeat (1993)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 91 (1993), S. 403-404 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the polymorphism in intron 2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene and identified two new alleles of the system. We have shown that the polymorphism is caused by the variable copy number of an 86-bp sequence, by using the polymerase chain reaction and primers immediately flanking the repeat region, and by direct sequencing. The repeat region contains three potential protein-binding sites and therefore the variable copy number may have functional significance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217368
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unusually limited nucleotide sequence variation of the expressed major histocompatibility complex class I genes of a New World primate species (Saguinus oedipus) (1991)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 33 (1991), S. 79-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are, as a rule, highly polymorphic in mammalian species, those of the New World primate Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin) exhibit limited polymorphism. We have cloned and sequenced twelve MHC class I cDNAs from this species. Since cloned cotton-top tamarin cell lines express three to six MHC class I molecules, this species must have at least three functional MHC class I loci. There was, however, no evidence of locus-specific substitutions in the tamarin cDNAs. Unlike all other species studied, tamarin MHC class I cDNAs displayed limited nucleotide sequence variation. The sequence similarity between the two most divergent tamarin cDNAs was 95%. To ensure that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers employed in these studies had amplified all of the tamarins' expressed MHC class I genes, we used another set of primers to amplify only exons 2 and 3 from RNA and DNA. PCR of genomic DNA resulted in the amplification of six distinct clones, of which only three were well expressed. Two of these nonexpressed genes were pseudogenes and the other was a nonclassical gene. Southern blot analysis demonstrated that the tamarin has 8–11 MHC class I genes, suggesting we had indeed cloned the majority of these genes. Cotton-top tamarins are, therefore, unique among mammalian species studied to date in that they express MHC class I molecules with limited nucleotide sequence variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210819
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