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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1960-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 186 (1960), S. 99-100 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Howard) (Encyrtidae), which is such a thelytokous species, is an egg-parasite of Nezara viridula (L.) (Pentatomidae). The males, which have no reproductive function, usually form less than 1 per cent of the adults. Individuals occur normally very rarely which are basically ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Diuraphis noxia ; Aphelinus varipes ; Australia ; anticipating biological control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pour répondre à la menace que représente pour la céréaliculture australienne la dispersion mondiale deDiuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), il a été procédé à un essai de lutte biologique préventive par l'introduction d'un parasitoïde oligophageAphelinus varipes (Foerster) dans la biocénose aphidienne présente actuellement sur les céréales d'Australie. Des précisions sont données sur l'origine du parasitoïde utilisé, son introduction, son élevage et son lâcher en Australie, ainsi que sur les études connexes au champ et en laboratoire.A. varipes ne semble pas s'être acclimaté jusqu'à maintenant; les causes possibles sont analysées et discutées.
    Notes: Abstract Responding to the threat posed to the Australian wheat industry by the world-wide spread of the Russian wheat aphid,Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), an attempt to anticipate its biological control was made by introducing its oligophagous hymenopteran parasiteAphelinus varipes (Foerster) into the current Australian cereal aphid community. Details, of the source of the parasite material and its introduction, mass-rearing and release in Australia, together with follow-up studies in the field and laboratory are given. No evidence of establishment has been found so far and the possible reasons for this are explored and discussed.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 63 (1992), S. 177-185 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Parasitic hymenoptera ; biological control ; aphid pests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract As an integral part of a programme to attempt the biological control of several crop-infesting aphid pests in Australia by the introduction of specific hymenopterous parasites, a laboratory technique to try to predict their likely effectiveness in the field, was developed with the aim of improving selection of natural enemies in future. It was based on demonstrating whether the parasites attack a greater proportion of their hosts with increased host density, i.e. whether they show a Type 3 functional response (Holling, 1959). To overcome the problem of super-parasitisation at low densities when a parasite is confined with aphids on one plant (van Lenteren & Bakker, 1976) we used several plants in a large cage, all with the same density of host aphids. A parasite released into such a cage searches for and attacks the aphids on one plant, then leaves it to repeat the process on a second plant, and so on. After a standard exposure time the parasitisation rate is estimated separately for the aphids on each plant and the average performance of the parasite calculated. Using this technique for seven parasites introduced into Australia for biological control of crop aphids, only one, Aphidius salicis Halliday, attacking carrot aphid showed a Type 3 response.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Acyrthosiphon kondoi ; Aphelinus asychis ; encapsulation ; aphidaphelinid and-aphidiid interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Au cours d'essais en laboratoire destinés à étudier le spectre des aphides hôtes de certains Hyménoptères parasites, il a été constaté qu'Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji encapsulait l'œuf de l'AphelinideAphelinus asychis Walker. Une capsule brune, sclérifiée se forme dans les 24 heures qui suivent l'exposition du puceron au parasitisme et semble empêcher la transformation de l'œuf en larve. La capsule demeure tout au long de la vie du puceron, sans apparemment modifier sa longévité et sa fécondité de façon importante. QuelquesAphelinus échappent à l'encapsulation et deviennent des adultes normaux et féconds. Ceci est observé en particulier chez des pucerons qui contenaient déjà une ou plusieurs capsules.A. kondoi n'a pas encapsulé les autres parasites présentés, tandis qu'A. asychis n'était pas encapsulé par d'autres pucerons. Cependant, bien qu'A. asychis attaque facilementAphis citricola van der Goot,A. nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe etToxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), la plupart des larves cessent de se développer dans ces pucerons avant la momification et meurent à l'intérieur de l'hôte non momifié, mort ou mourant.
    Notes: Abstract In laboratory trials to investigate the parasite/host spectra of certain aphid pests and hymenopterous parasites, the aphidAcyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji encapsulated the egg of the aphelinid parasiteAphelinus asychis Walker. The resultant brown, sclerotic capsule was formed within 24 h of exposure of the aphid to parasitization and as far as is known prevented the development of the parasite to the larval stage. The capsule remained throughout the life of the aphid, whose longevity and fecundity were apparently not seriously impaired. A small number ofAphelinus escaped encapsulation, especially in aphids already containing capsule(s), and developed into normal, reproductive adults.A. kondoi did not encapsulate, andA. asychis was not encapsulated by any other species. However, thoughA. asychis readily parasitizedAphis citricola van der Goot,A. nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe andToxoptera citricidus (Kirkaldy), most of its progeny ceased development in these aphids before reaching the mummification stage, and died within the dead or dying, non-mummified aphid host.
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