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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frequency-domain observation of the ultrafast inertial response of the optical Kerr effect in CS2 (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 4740-4748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Time-domain experiments using femtosecond pulses have recently revealed the inertial aspect of the nuclear-orientation component of the optical Kerr effect in carbon disulfide. We present frequency-domain measurements, performed with the tunable-laser-induced grating technique, which also demonstrate the need to incorporate inertial behavior in models of the nuclear-orientation contribution to this ultrafast response. No previously suggested model, however, yields a fit to our data that passes standard goodness-of-fit tests at an acceptable level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457692
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    H/D isotope effect in the predissociation of C2HD (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 3714-3715 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (2+1 REMPI) spectroscopy near 243 nm was used to detect H and D photofragments of the 193 nm photolysis of C2HD. Measurements were performed in a molecular beam, laser photolysis apparatus, equipped with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The measured H/D ratio of 2.85±0.3 may indicate nonadiabatic surface hopping occurs between 2 3 A' and 1 3 A' and/or 2 1 A'and 1 1 A'surfaces in exit channels leading to ground state C2H(X˜ 2 Σ+ )+H(2 S) fragments in the predissociation of C2H2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458801
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single trapped vortices induced in a superconducting film by laser switching (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2419-2423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Light pulses from an infrared laser can momentarily drive a superconducting strip of niobium normal. Under certain conditions, a single vortex may be trapped while the strip returns to the superconducting state. It was determined that the speckle pattern due to modal interference in the incident light is the most probable cause of vortex trapping. By changing the relative contrast of the speckle pattern, we can change the trapping probability from 0% to about 5% per pulse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353096
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photothermal description of polymer ablation: Absorption behavior and degradation time scales (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 5172-5178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A photothermal model of ablation is used to investigate the time scales for polymer degradation by UV laser light. In the absence of a significant incubation effect, strong absorbers (e.g., polyimide) are expected to decompose roughly three orders of magnitude faster than weak absorbers (e.g., polymethylmethacrylate), owing to the higher surface temperature attained during the absorption. This difference in the time scales reflects processes taking place at significantly different temperatures and should extrapolate to the overall ablation process. The very short calculated time scales (femtoseconds for polyimide and picoseconds for polymethylmethacrylate) indicate that polymer decomposition occurs rapidly compared to the actual ejection of material. For multipulsed ablation experiments, significant incubation modification tends to increase the absorbance of weak absorbers, making the effect less marked than in the ideal case. Incubation effects are attributed to nonablative decomposition that occurs at cooler temperatures (〈1000 K).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351997
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of an experimental study of the properties of ion-beam modes found in a double plasma device containing a hemispherical separating screen (1993)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 5 (1993), S. 3455-3464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ion-beam modes have been generated in a double plasma device containing argon in which the driver and target plasmas were separated by a hemispherical screen biased negatively with respect to both plasmas. Making the driver plasma positive with respect to the target plasma resulted in the formation of an ion beam flowing from the driver plasma to the target plasma and causing the formation of a focal region in the target plasma. Both single pulses and pulse trains were excited in the target plasma by application of positive voltage pulses and/or sine waves to the hemispherical grid. Detection of these modes was accomplished using a positively biased spherical probe capable of axial and rotational movement. The wave amplitude and the phase velocity along the axis of the target plasma were measured over a distance of more than two hemispherical grid radii. Since no theoretical treatments have as yet been published for the hemispherical case, the measured values have been compared with theoretical values for a spherical separating screen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.860873
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolution in surface plasmon microscopy (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 65 (1994), S. 2829-2836 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article we demonstrate how to obtain the ultimate lateral resolution in surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) (diffraction limited by the objective). Surface plasmon decay lengths are determined theoretically and experimentally, for wavelengths ranging from 531 to 676 nm, and are in good agreement. Using these values we can determine for each particular situation which wavelength should be used to obtain an optimal lateral resolution, i.e., where the plasmon decay length does not limit the resolution anymore. However, there is a trade-off between thickness resolution and lateral resolution in SPM. Because of the non-optimal thickness resolution, we use several techniques to enhance the image acquisition and processing. Without these techniques the use of short wavelengths results in images where the contrast has vanished almost completely. In an example given, a 2.5 nm SiO2 layer on a gold layer is imaged with a lateral resolution of 2 μm, and local reflectance curves are measured to determine the layer thickness. The SPM image is compared with an atomic force microscopy image of the same object. We obtain a 3 μm resolution when thickness differences within a lipid monolayer are imaged and measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144623
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the debris phenomenon with laser-sputtered polymers (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2980-2982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The sputtering of polymer films with 248 or 308 nm laser pulses causes two groups of particles to be emitted. Light particles are emitted more rapidly and escape to form a shock wave. Heavy particles are emitted more slowly and under some conditions are impeded by the light ones, expand sideways, and leave debris on the target surface. Debris formation can be understood from ordinary gas dynamics where it is equivalent to recondensation beyond the bombarded spot. This is shown by numerical solution of the flow equations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107444
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Noise reduction in low-frequency SQUID measurements with laser-driven switching (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1152-1154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a technique to modulate the input to a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) using a very low noise double-pole, double-throw switching network. This network is composed of four niobium microbridges that are driven normal in pairs by pulses of laser light. An input signal is modulated at a frequency above the 1/f noise regime, amplified by the SQUID, and subsequently demodulated to obtain an output in which the excess low-frequency SQUID noise has been removed. With this technique, we have reduced the low-frequency noise by an order of magnitude in energy over measurements made without this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109808
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quasipermanent magnets of high temperature superconductor: Temperature dependence (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 3366-3368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on persistent field in quasipermanent magnets of high temperature superconductors. Magnets composed of irradiated Y1+Ba2Cu3O7 trapped field Bt=1.52 T at 77 K and 1.9 T at lower temperature. However, the activation magnet limited Bt at lower temperature. We present data on Jc(H,T) for unirradiated materials, and calculate Bt at various T. Based upon data at 65 K we calculate Bt in unirradiated single grains at 20 K, and find that 5.2 T will be trapped for grain diameter d∼1.2 cm, and 7.9 T for d=2.3 cm. Irradiated grains will trap four times these values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.109073
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel geometrical effects observed in debris when polymers are laser sputtered (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 2784-2786 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: When polymers are sputtered with 248 or 308 nm laser pulses there are two generically different responses. The most straightforward is where the emitted particles expand outwards away from the target surface obeying, in so doing, the laws of one-dimensional adiabatic flow. The other is where the particles expand both outwards and sideways and, because a certain fraction recondenses on the target surface, there is a prominent deposit of debris lying around the bombarded spot. For spots with other than circular shape the debris show interesting symmetry in which there is rotation with respect to the spot. We show that this rotation occurs wholly through the laws of flow and we conclude, therefore, that the debris phenomenon is a purely gas-dynamic effect. It follows that the elimination of debris can be approached in gas-dynamic terms. We also show that the numerical extent of debris formation increases with the complexity of the particles involved, a result which suggests additional methods to control debris.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108090
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