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  • 1995-1999  (91)
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Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Marine biology 126 (1996), S. 773-783 
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Carbon budgets were modelled for temperate anthozoan-dinoflagellate symbioses involving the sea anemones Cereus pedunculatus (Pennant), Anthopleura ballii (Cocks) and Anemonia viridis (Forskäl), and the zoanthid Isozoanthus sulcatus (Gosse). Irradiance regimes experienced at 1.5 and 9 m on sunny and cloudy days in summer were assumed. Photosynthetic capacity (P max gross) and efficiency (α) were considerably higher in I. sulcatus than in the other Anthozoa. P max gross and α also differed in A. viridis from different localities. At 1.5 m on sunny days, zooxanthellae would require 1.80 to 5.89% of the carbon fixed in photosyn-thesis for respiration and growth, and translocate the remainder (94.11 to 98.20%) to the host. Productivity would decrease with increasing depth and cloud cover, resulting in a decrease in the potential availability of carbon for translocation. At 9 m on cloudy days, 37.82 to 87.84% of the carbon fixed in photosynthesis would be required for zooxanthella respiration and growth in C. pedunculatus, Anthopleura ballii and Anemonia viridis, leaving just 12.16 to 62.18% for translocation; the translocation rate would still exceed 95% in I. sulcatus. The potential contribution of zooxanthellae to the host's daily respiratory carbon requirements (CZAR) would be 72.6 and 72.1% in Anthopleura ballii and C. pedunculatus, respectively, at 1.5 m on sunny days, and would decrease to just 2.1 and 0.7%, respectively, at 9 m on cloudy days. These Anthozoa therefore require a heterotrophic source of carbon to survive. The CZAR in Anemonia viridis from different locations would be 140.6 to 142.9% at 1.5 m on sunny days, but would be 〈100% under the other assumed irradiance regimes. The CZAR in I. sulcatus would be 181.5% at 1.5 m on sunny days, and would only be 〈100% when at 9 m on cloudy days. Under favourable conditions, A. viridis and I. sulcatus are potentially autotrophic and may have surplus carbon available (15.69 to 43.89% of the gross photosynthetic production) for tissue biosynthesis, reproduction and storage. However, when field conditions are considered on an annual basis, the general need for heterotrophically-derived carbon in temperate Anthozoa is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0931-1890
    Keywords: Key words Deuterium ; Stable water isotopes ; Water sources ; Eucalyptus marginata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract  Seasonal change in the δ2H content of water from twig sap, soil, rainfall and groundwater were measured to determine the water sources accessed by jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata) trees at three sites in Western Australia with differing soils and depths to water table. During winter and spring the main contributor to the water uptake of the trees was stored water in the surface layers of the soil replenished by predominantly winter rainfall. With the onset of summer drought jarrah became more reliant on water from deeper down the profile. There was no clear evidence that jarrah could tap water from groundwater more than 14 m deep in deep sands. Defining the source of water for trees in deep lateritic soils using stable isotopes is hampered by the uniform deuterium profiles down most of the unsaturated zone and into the groundwater. There was a limited response in the δ2H values of sapwater in twigs to changes in the δ2H of the upper layers of the deep sand following input of rainfall in autumn. The damped response was related to the small variation in the δ2H composition of rainfall in most events during the year and the mixing in the tree of water extracted from different locations in the soil profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 777 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Interactions between abnormal amyloid precursor protein metabolism and cholinergic dysfunction are increasingly apparent. Both of these major features of Alzheimer's disease occur in restricted loci in normal aging–a potential model for early Alzheimer type pathology. Entorhinal cortex is particularly vulnerable to β-amyloidosis and compared with other cortical areas is remarkable for the relatively high density of nicotinic (3H-nicotine) but not other cholinergic or glutamate receptor binding. With increasing age, post-maturity, there is a persistent decline in nicotinic receptor binding in entorhinal cortex whereas muscarinic Ml and non-Ml, glutamate NMDA and non-NMDA receptors are spared. Normal elderly individuals, distinguished by the absence of βA4 immunoreactive plaques in this area, are differentiated from those with plaques by higher nicotine binding. Amongst individuals with an established history of smoking tobacco, nicotinic receptor binding and hippocampal choline acetyltransferase were elevated compared with non-smokers and preliminary evidence indicates a reduced density of cortical plaques. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that down regulation of the nicotinic cholinergic receptor—a ligand gated calcium channel known to control the expression of neurotrophins—plays a role in the evolution of Alzheimer-type pathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 2325-2330 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The design of a cell, built to investigate catalysis and catalytic processes, is reported. The cell is for use at ISIS spallation neutron source at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. It is required to operate in a dual manner either under gas flows of controlled composition at low pressure (ambient −5 bar) and at high vacuum (10−6 mbar working pressure). The temperature range of this cell is 4–1273 K. It will be used on a variety of instrument beam lines on ISIS. In use the cell is attached either to a furnace or cryofurnace center-stick assembly and gas is supplied from a gas circuit assembly. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 29 (1997), S. 1-25 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 5438-5443 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Neutron diffraction involving seven isotope substitution experiments is used to extract the methyl hydrogen to the water hydrogen partial structure factor in a 2.0 m aqueous solution of tetramethylammonium chloride, in order to investigate the orientation of water molecules around the TMA ion. The correlation function of the TMA centers with water molecule centers is obtained and shows that the average distance is about 4.7 A(ring), in agreement with the result found previously using a nitrogen isotope substitution. The technique of spherical harmonic reconstruction is used to obtain orientational correlation functions between TMA ions and water molecules. The results show that the TMA ion has a predominantly "apolar'' character in water but that a range of water molecule orientations around the ion are possible. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 7943-7950 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have carried out neutron diffraction using hydrogen/deuterium isotope substitution and molecular dynamics simulations in order to investigate intermolecular water structure in aqueous solutions of phenol, ethanol, propanoic acid, and glucose. Partial radial distribution functions (rdfs) calculated from both experiment and simulation are compared. These show good overall agreement although the simulation gives more structure than the experimental data in the intramolecular region. From the simulation, the relative number of water molecules coordinated to different chemical groups are calculated and the three-dimensional water density around the different chemical groups on the solute molecule is obtained. For both the experimental and simulated rdfs the intermolecular region is relatively featureless but the simulated water structure shows significant differences between the water coordination around polar and apolar groups. The water is strongly coordinated to the polar groups (OH and COO−), although the hydroxyl groups have fewer close waters than would be possible if all hydrogen bonds were satisfied. There is little evidence for stable water networks around apolar groups. There is also some evidence that the polarized regions of the solutes influence the water coordination around neighboring apolar groups. Apart from the relatively strong polar interactions, the overall shape of the solute molecule is the most important determinant of the shape of the hydration shell. In the case of glucose, the OH groups take part in a well-defined hydrogen-bonded network around the glucose molecule which incorporates the solute molecule in a similar way to water molecules. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Forest pathology 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1439-0329
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eighty-six isolates of Erwinia salicis, the causal agent of watermark disease of willow, were obtained from culture collections and collected from various willow plantations in south-east England. These isolates were characterized by their reaction in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by enzyme electrophoresis, and for lysis by a panel of five bacteriophage. Eighty-one isolates had similar characteristics and clustered at a level of similarity of at least 60%. Five isolates were found to have less than 20% similarity to the other E. salicis. Antiserum raised against E. salicis (NCPPB 2535) was found to be specific to E. salicis and did not cross-react with other bacteria tested. No geographical clustering of electrotypes was found: however, Dutch and English isolates could be distinguished by bacteriophage typing. The local distribution of electrotypes collected from diseased trees suggests that the bacterium is spread via the propagating material and that tree to tree spread is rare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry research 34 (1995), S. 2817-2820 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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