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  • 1995-1999  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and functional identification of a novel cDNA for astaxanthin biosynthesis from Haematococcus pluvialis, and astaxanthin synthesis in Escherichia coli (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 29 (1995), S. 343-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: astaxanthin ; canthaxanthin ; carotenoid ; xanthophyll ; Haematococcus pluvialis ; green alga
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We succeeded in isolating a novel cDNA involved in astaxanthin biosynthesis from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis, by an expression cloning method using an Escherichia coli transformant as a host that synthesizes β-carotene due to the Erwinia uredovora carotenoid biosynthesis genes. The cloned cDNA was shown to encode a novel enzyme, β-carotene ketolase (β-carotene oxygenase), which converted β-carotene to canthaxanthin via echinenone, through chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis of the pigments accumulated in an E. coli transformant. This indicates that the encoded enzyme is responsible for the direct conversion of methylene to keto groups, a mechanism that usually requires two different enzymatic reactions proceeding via a hydroxy intermediate. Northern blot analysis showed that the mRNA was synthesized only in the cyst cells of H. pluvialis. E. coli carrying the H. pluvialis cDNA and the E. uredovora genes required for zeaxanthin biosynthesis was also found to synthesize astaxanthin (3S, 3′S), which was identified after purification by a variety of spectroscopic methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043657
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of lycopene by the food yeast, Candida utilis that does not naturally synthesize carotenoid (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 306-308 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: lycopene ; Candida utilis ; carotenoids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Erwinia uredovora crtE, crtB, and crtI genes, which are responsible for the synthesis of carotenoid lycopene from farnesyl pyrophosphate, were expressed in Candida utilis under the control of the promoters and terminators derived from the C. utilis GAP, PGK, and PMA genes, respectively. The yeast transformant carrying the carotenoid biosynthesis genes produced 758 μg/g dry weight of lycopene along with 407 μg/g dry weight of phytoene in the stationary phase. It was observed in the C. utilis transformant that ergosterol content was decreased to 65% of that in the parent strain that accumulated 6.04 mg/g dry weight of ergosterol. It is therefore possible that the carbon flux for the ergosterol biosynthesis has been branched at farnesyl pyrophosphate to generate a new pathway for the lycopene production in this yeast transformant. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:306-308, 1998.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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