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  • 1995-1999  (45)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of Disorder Induced Thermally and by Ball Milling in Ni〈sub〉2〈/sub〉MnSn (1996)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 235-238 (Oct. 1996), p. 583-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/02/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.235-238.583.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-phase coexistence in Fe–Ni alloys synthesized by ball milling (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3946-3955 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We used mechanical alloying with a Spex 8000 mixer/mill to synthesize a series of Fe100−xNix alloys from x=0 to x=49. The Spex mill was modified so that it could also operate at a reduced milling intensity, and we compared the alloys synthesized after long times with the normal and reduced milling intensities. X-ray diffractometry and Mössbauer spectrometry were used to measure the volume fractions of the bcc and fcc phases in the alloys, and to determine the chemical compositions of the individual phases. We found that the composition ranges of the bcc and fcc single phase regions were extended well beyond their equilibrium ranges. At the higher milling intensity, we found that the bcc phase was destabilized with respect to the fcc phase, and the two-phase region shifted to lower Ni concentrations. For those alloys with coexisting bcc and fcc phases, we present evidence that the chemical compositions of the two phases are nearly the same. We explain the destabilization of the bcc with milling intensity as originating with a higher defect density in the bcc alloys than in the fcc alloys. We argue that this defect density is not homogeneous throughout the alloy, however, and the distribution of defect enthalpies can explain the two- phase coexistence in the as-milled alloys. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Average widths of grain boundaries in nanophase alloys synthesized by mechanical attrition (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 3458-3466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Many binary ferrous alloys were synthesized by mechanical attrition in a high-energy ball mill. X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy were used to measure grain sizes, which were as small as a few nanometers in several alloys. The nanocrystalline alloys showed new features in their Mössbauer spectra, which we associated with 57Fe atoms at and near grain boundaries. The experimental data on the fraction of 57Fe atoms at and near grain boundaries were correlated to the measured grain sizes to obtain an average width of the grain boundaries. The average grain-boundary widths of the fcc alloys Fe–Mn and Ni–Fe were approximately 0.5 nm, but the average widths of grain boundaries in the bcc alloys Cr–Fe, Mo–Fe, and Fe–Ti were somewhat larger than 1 nm. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358640
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phonon density of states of nanocrystalline Fe prepared by high-energy ball milling (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8318-8322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements on nanophase Fe powders prepared by high-energy ball milling. Neutron energy loss spectra were measured for two states of the material: (1) as milled, when the material had a characteristic nanocrystallite size of 12 nm; and (2) annealed, when the material had a characteristic crystallite size of 28 nm. The longitudinal peak in the phonon density of states (DOS) of the nanophase Fe was broadened, compared to that of the annealed material. We attribute this broadening to short phonon lifetimes in nanocrystals. The nanophase material also showed an enhanced density of states at low energies below 15 meV, which may indicate the presence of intercrystallite vibrations. These differences in phonon DOS should have only a small effect on the difference in vibrational entropy of nanocrystalline and larger-grained Fe. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362543
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-range ordering in face-centered-cubic Ni3Al (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 4380-4383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Films of fcc Ni3Al with suppressed short-range order (SRO) were prepared by physical vapor deposition of Ni3Al onto room-temperature substrates. Extended electron energy-loss fine-structure spectra were obtained from both Al K and Ni L23 edges. After the samples were annealed for various times at 150 °C, a moderate growth of SRO was observed in the first-nearest-neighbor environments of both the Al and Ni atoms. As prepared, these fcc Ni3Al materials, and presumably others having similar heat evolutions as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, have a high degree of chemical disorder. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359463
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small angle neutron scattering and Mössbauer spectrometry study of magnetic structures in nanocrystalline Ni3Fe (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7097-7104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Results are reported from small angle neutron scattering and Mössbauer spectrometry measurements on nanocrystalline Ni3Fe. The nanocrystalline materials were prepared by mechanical attrition and studied in the as-milled state, after annealing at 265 °C to relieve internal stress, and after annealing 600 °C to prepare a control sample comprising large crystals. The small angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were performed for a range of applied magnetic fields. Small differences were found in how the different samples reached magnetic saturation. From the SANS data obtained at magnetic saturation, we found little difference in the nuclear scattering of the as-milled material and the material annealed at 265 °C. Reductions in nuclear scattering and magnetic scattering were observed for the control sample, and this was interpreted as grain growth. The material annealed at 265 °C also showed a reduction in magnetic SANS compared to the as-milled material. This was interpreted as an increase in magnetic moments of atoms at the grain boundaries after a low temperature annealing. Both Mössbauer spectroscopy and small angle neutron scattering showed an increase in the grain boundary magnetic moments after the 265 °C annealing (0.2 and 0.4μB/atom, respectively), even though there was little change in the grain boundary atomic density. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370517
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen desorption and adsorption measurements on graphite nanofibers (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 3378-3380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Graphite nanofibers were synthesized and their hydrogen desorption and adsorption properties are reported for 77 and 300 K. Catalysts were made by several different methods including chemical routes, mechanical alloying, and gas condensation. The nanofibers were grown by passing ethylene and H2 gases over the catalysts at 600 °C. Hydrogen desorption and adsorption were measured using a volumetric analysis Sieverts' apparatus, and the graphite nanofibers were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis. The absolute level of hydrogen desorption measured from these materials was typically less than the 0.01 H/C atom, comparable to other forms of carbon. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122755
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogen adsorption and cohesive energy of single-walled carbon nanotubes (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 2307-2309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen adsorption on crystalline ropes of carbon single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) was found to exceed 8 wt. %, which is the highest capacity of any carbon material. Hydrogen is first adsorbed on the outer surfaces of the crystalline ropes. At pressures higher than about 40 bar at 80 K, however, a phase transition occurs where there is a separation of the individual SWNTs, and hydrogen is physisorbed on their exposed surfaces. The pressure of this phase transition provides a tube-tube cohesive energy for much of the material of 5 meV/C atom. This small cohesive energy is affected strongly by the quality of crystalline order in the ropes. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123833
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mössbauer diffraction and interference studies of polycrystalline metals and alloys (1998)
    Springer
    Hyperfine interactions 113 (1998), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9540
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract After a review of previous work on Mössbauer diffraction and interference phenomena, the principles of the kinematical theory of Mössbauer diffraction are presented. The emphasis is on how the spectroscopic capabilities of the Mössbauer effect can be used to advantage in diffraction studies on materials and condensed matter. Experimental results from Mössbauer powder diffractometry experiments are presented. These results identify the difficulties of Mössbauer powder diffraction experiments, but also demonstrate that a unique chemical environment selectivity is possible for Mössbauer diffraction. Future experiments with Mössbauer powder diffraction require the development of efficient detectors, and some possibilities are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1012675700399
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  • 10
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    Phonons in Nanocrystalline57Fe (1997)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-08-04
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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