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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Groundwater Resources: Balancing Perspectives on Key Issues Affecting Supply and Demand (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Sustainable groundwater management requires (a) maximizing the use of aquifer storage to reduce water-supply costs while limiting environmental impacts, and (b) maximizing groundwater protection to reduce water-supply treatment needs while not unduly restricting land-use activities. These key issues are evaluated from the experience of a recent and comprehensive national strategic study, involving detailed consultation with many stakeholders with an interest in groundwater resources. Such balances are not easy to achieve because groundwater systems are complex to analyse and slow to respond to change, resulting in considerable uncertainty in assessment and prediction without in-depth research and high-resolution monitoring. Current institutional and regulatory arrangements for the water sector in England and Wales do not appear to be achieving the best possible use of aquifer storage and optimal investment in groundwater protection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1997.tb00115.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Examining the Impact of Speed of Quality Improvement on Quality-Related Costs (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 27 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The Fine (1986) quality-based learning curve model is extended to include the consideration of speed of quality improvement. The model demonstrates that under different circumstances rapid quality improvement effects are either beneficial or detrimental to improvement in quality-related costs. Hypotheses are developed from the analysis of this speed of quality improvement model. The hypotheses are tested in an automotive parts manufacturing company with five similar plants. Results show that with an increase in the speed of quality improvement, the rate of growth in prevention and appraisal costs decrease and the rate of growth in failure costs are unaffected. Rapid speed of quality improvement does yield lesser decreases in failure costs than slower, steadier improvement. However, rapid speed of quality improvement does not yield the predicted lesser decrease in prevention and appraisal costs than slower, steadier improvement. Rapid speed of quality improvement might or might not benefit the organization, perhaps an explanation for some Total Quality Management (TQM) failures. A more deliberate, learning organization is suggested from this research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1996.tb01829.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gravidity on habitat use and antipredator behaviour in three-spined sticklebacks (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 52 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Habitat use was examined in six Alaskan populations of three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus. In three lakes with predatory fishes, gravid female sticklebacks remained closer to refuge than did non-gravid females, while those in lakes devoid of piscivores did not display this shift in behaviour. Gravid females in a lake with predatory rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss used different evasive manoeuvres than did non-gravid females during in situ encounters with a model rainbow trout. Gravid females were more likely to incorporate a protean element in their flight moffements than were non-gravid females. Offerall, these data suggest that gravid female three-spined sticklebacks modify habitat use and escape behaviour to reduce vulnerability to predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00597.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An examination of the relationship between conformance and quality-related costs (1996)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of quality & reliability management 13 (1996), S. 50-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-671X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Reports the results of a case study which undertook to examine the relationship between conformance and quality-related costs. The controversial Lundvall-Juran economic quality level (EQL) model has been criticized by various authors due to its acceptance of imperfect quality. While persuasive, this emotional aversion to imperfection does not provide a convincing critique of the EQL model. However, the EQL remains widely used in practice. Argues that several assumptions of the EQL model should be questioned including monotonicity, continuity, the positive relationship between prevention/appraisal costs and conformance, the negative relationship between failure costs and conformance, and the combining of costs. Further, the EQL model illustrates a single contingent relationship between quality costs and conformance. Provides several alternative cases of the relationship between quality costs and conformance. The results are then reported and the underlying relationships of the EQL model tested. The results showed that prevention and appraisal costs were positively and significantly associated with conformance. Failure costs were also positively and significantly related to conformance. These results provided support for a contingency view of quality-related costs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656719610114399
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing process re-engineering impacts through baselining (1995)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Benchmarking 2 (1995), S. 4-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1463-5771
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Technology
    Notes: Organizations often experience difficulty in measuring the effectsof automation-based process re-engineering. The autoregressiveintegrated moving average (ARIMA) methodology was used as a means toassess the effects of an automation-based process re-engineering of apurchasing process in a large regional hospital. Utilizingautoregressive statistical techniques, the automated purchasing processsignificantly affected productivity and performance both at thedepartmental and organizational levels. System implementationsignificantly reduced purchasing lead times, time to receive goods, andthe time purchase orders stayed open. At the organizational level,values of issues per occupied bed increased, as did inventory turnover.The intervention analysis performed provided a means for management toassess the productivity improvements resulting from the re-engineeringproject. Provides additional insight concerning implementation researchand measuring organizational and departmental effects of automationprojects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14635779510099194
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogeological Characterisation And Water-Supply Potential Of Basement Aquifers In Tropical Africa (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrogeology journal 3 (1995), S. 36-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0157
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: RÉSUMÉ: Les roches cristallines du socle, avec leurs altérites, occupent de très grandes surfaces en Afrique tropicale. Des aquifères à faible productivité sont fréquentement présents dans ces formations, mais de façon plutôt imprévisible. Ils alimentent de petits adductions d'eau, d'intérêt vital pour la population rurale, pour les usages domestiques et pour les troupeaux. De façon plus localisée, il peut exister des possibilités de captages plus importants, convenant à de petites villes ou pour des réseaux d'irrigation peu étendus. Cet article passe en revue les progrès dans la connaissance de ce système hydrogéologique étendu, sur la base des recherches et de l'expérience britanniques depuis 1985.
    Abstract: RESUMEN: Las rocas cristalinas basales aparecen cubiertas por una capa de productos de alteración bajo áreas muy extensas del África Tropical. Acuíferos de baja productividad se encuentran presentes en esta formación de forma extensa, aunque de modo impredecible. Estos suministran pequeñas cantidades de agua que son vitales para el abastecimiento humano y animal de la población rural. De modo más localizado, existe potencial para desarrollar suministros mayores, adecuados para pequeñas ciudades o para regadío a pequenña escala. Este artículo revisa los avances en el conocimiento de este extenso sistema hidrogeológico como resultado de la investigación y la experiencia británicas acumuladas desde 1985.
    Notes: Abstract Crystalline basement rocks, with a mantle of weathered alternation products, occur beneath very extensive areas of tropical Africa. Low-productivity aquifers are widely, but rather unpredictably, present in this formation. They yield small water supplies vital to the rural population for domestic purposes and for livestock watering. On a more localised basis, a potential may exist to develop larger supplies that are adequate for small towns or for small-scale irrigation. This paper reviews advances in the understanding of this extensive hydrogeological system, resulting from British research and experience since 1980.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100400050061
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactive regulatory pathways control virulence determinant production and stability in response to environmental conditions in Staphylococcus aureus (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key wordsStaphylococcus aureus ; Regulation ; Toxin ; Virulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The accessory gene regulator (agr) and staphylococcal accessory regulator (sar) loci are important regulators of toxin production in Staphylococcus aureus. In this study we examined how environmental conditions – degree of aeration and salt concentration – affect the transcription and translation of mRNAs for α- haemolysin (Hla) and serine protease (Ssp) via these pathways and influence the stability of these proteins. Using Northern analysis, we have confirmed earlier observations that sarA is involved in the upregulation of RNAIII, the effector molecule encoded by the agr locus. However, this effect was abolished in highly aerated cultures. While sarA does appear to have an up-regulatory effect on hla transcription that is independent of agr, we propose that the PC1839 (sarA) mutant produces less α-haemolysin activity mainly as a result of post-translational inactivation by proteases. The most obvious phenotypic feature of PC1839 (sarA) is the upregulation of proteases. In this study we show that ssp is repressed by SarA at the transcriptional level. Western analysis using an anti-α-haemolysin antibody identified a major breakdown product that is only present in the supernatant of strains that are overexpressing serine protease. We have also confirmed that agr exerts a significant regulatory influence on hla at the level of translation, as well as transcription. Finally, the addition of salt upregulates ssp transcription and dramatically downregulates transcription of hla, and is an example of an environmental parameter that affects toxin production independently of agr and sarA. How environmental signals are transduced to control α-haemolysin and serine protease production, activity and stability at multiple levels are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051090
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Visual behaviour of neonata larvae of the light brown apple moth (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 77 (1995), S. 323-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Epiphyas postvittana ; orientation ; movement ; colour ; stemmata
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When neonate larvae of a leafroller moth,Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were released into the middle of a circular arena with blue paper on one side of the arena and apple foliage on the other side, more larvae walked towards the apple foliage. These oriented responses were enhanced, in terms of the number of larvae responding, by increasing the amount of light reflected from or transmitted through apple foliage. Larvae also responded to painted targets, and specifically to targets reflecting light in the region of 470–570 nm (green-yellow region to the human eye). When the amount of 470–570 nm reflected from targets was reduced, numbers of larvae responding to targets decreased. The addition of 400–500 nm reflected light to 470–570 nm reflected light also resulted in a reduction of oriented responses to targets. Tests using neutral colours (white, black, and a series of greys) indicated that, in the absence of targets reflecting primarily in the 470–570 nm region, larvae oriented towards targets with low levels of reflectance. When the orientation of walking larvae was measured at various distances from targets of different colours or diameters, targets subtending 5–8 degrees elicited responses from 50% of all larvae. Behaviour other than walking was also influenced by visual stimuli: fewer larvae spun down on a silken thread when blue paper was placed beneath a walking platform than when brown or green papers were present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383067
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trapping and sex pheromone-mediated flight and landing behaviour of maleCtenopseustis obliquana (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 74 (1995), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; brownheaded leafroller ; pheromone ; orientation ; Epiphyas postvittana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A sex pheromone-baited delta trap was found to be inefficient at eliciting landing and entering of the trap by maleCtenopseustis obliquana. The inefficiency of the delta trap related to turbulence altering the pheromone plume and the concomitant effect on the flight manoeuvres of male moths. In the wind tunnel, high proportions of males flew upwind and landed on the sides, outside, of the trap, but only a relatively small proportion of these males entered the trap and contacted the sticky surface. When males approached the delta trap, they tended to fly in wide zigzags (i.e., large inter-track reversal distances) and at an altitude near the top of the trap, where the trap was relatively narrow in width (compared to the bottom). Thus, these flight manoeuvres largely precluded males from entering the trap. Greater numbers of male moths entered the trap when: (i) the front barriers of the delta trap were removed, (ii) pheromone dosage was increased to 300 μg, and (iii) the trap design was changed to a rectangular one. The first two changes appeared to influence the flight manoeuvres of males (who appeared to fly with narrower inter-track reversal distances), while the third change apparently did not affect the glight manoeuvres of males, but rather allowed more males to enter the trap because of the greater area of the entrance. The low trap catches of maleC. obliquana in the field are also a consequence of the glue which is currently used. After contact with this glue most males are able to escape, flying off the sticky surface and losing contact with the pheromone. A field trial found that delta traps with another glue caught more than three times the number of males of the related tortricid moth,Epiphyas postvittana, than delta traps with the currently used glue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383004
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of tactile and other non-chemical factors on the ovipositional responses of the generalist herbivore Epiphyas postvittana (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 83 (1997), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; visual stimuli ; tactile stimuli ; generalist
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay to test the ovipositional responses of the generalist herbivore, Epiphyas postvittana, was developed, and various non-chemical factors that influenced the laying, and number of eggs laid, by females were tested. In choice experiments using various models, surface texture was found to be an important factor influencing ovipositional behaviour, with females preferring to lay on smoother rather than rougher surfaces. Another surface texture feature that influenced oviposition was a raised wax ridge on a smooth surface. The wax ridge stimulated more eggs to be laid within close proximity to the ridge. Observations of females showed that the increased numbers of eggs laid on models with a wax ridge resulted not from increased landing, time spent, or numbers of eggs laid per ovipositional bout, but rather through an increased probability of ovipositing after landing on models with a wax ridge compared to models without the ridge. Spatial features of the models were also found to influence egglaying by females. Females showed a tendency to lay on the upper rather than the lower surface of models, although this appeared to depend upon how stimulatory the upper surface of the model was. Females also laid more eggs on models with a dense array of leaves than on models with a more spread-out array.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002959605202
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