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  • 1995-1999  (76)
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  • 1
  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words:Camponotus (Colobopsis), Macaranga puncticulata, plant-ant, myrmecophytism, Malaysia.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: In the tropical peat swamp forests of South-East Asia, the ant-plant Macaranga puncticulata is specifically associated with Camponotus (Colobopsis) sp. 1 (Formicidae: Formicinae), a member of the C. saundersi-group. This ant shows a variety of adaptations to its plant-bound mode of life. The queens are capable of locating young M. puncticulata plants inside the forest and of chewing entrance holes into the domatia by themselves. C. (Colobopsis) sp.1 nests were found exclusively inside the domatia of M. puncticulata. The diet consisted predominantly of host plant resources (food bodies and extrafloral nectar), but insect prey were taken too. In contrast to all the other obligate ant associates of Macaranga, C. (Colobopsis) sp.1 never cultivated any scale insects. Nevertheless, tending Homoptera ("trophobiosis") is indeed included in the behavioral repertoire, but the ants showed this capacity only in experiments in which the host plants had been completely deprived of extrafloral nectaries. Large C. (Colobopsis) sp.1 colonies are polydomous and can extend over up to 20 M. puncticulata trees. There is strong intraspecific competition for host plants during several stages of the colony development. We observed conspicuous pushing fights between queens that tried to found colonies on the same young plant. C. (Colobopsis) sp. 1 workers were capable of removing water from flooded domatium chambers. They quickly gathered around fresh injuries to M. puncticulata. Herbivorous insects were fiercely attacked and either driven away from the plant or captured as prey. Moreover, workers often pruned vines that came into contact with their host trees. We could show that colonization by C. (Colobopsis) sp. 1 is beneficial for M. puncticulata, since the ants effectively reduced herbivory and plant competition.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The existence of endosymbiotic sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic bacteria associating with marine mytilid mussels has previously been inferred by 16S rDNA analysis in Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis Von Cosel et al. 1994, a hydrothermal vent mussel from a site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In mussels collected in June 1993, we found evidence of enzymes diagnostic of two distinct C1 assimilation pathways in this symbiosis. Assays for the utilization of radiolabelled methane and for immunodetection of methanol dehydrogenase were positive, indicating that oxidation and incorporation of this substrate are occurring in this symbiosis. Sulfide or thiosulfate had no detectable stimulatory effect on CO2 incorporation, and assays for the enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO), an enzyme diagnostic for the Calvin–Benson cycle, were negative. RubisCO was detected in all samples examined by immunoblot analysis, indicating this enzyme is expressed in the B. puteoserpentis symbiosis. Stable isotope data showed that carbon isotope values were in agreement with previously reported values, and nitrogen isotope values were among the most depleted ever reported for bivalve symbioses. The carbon isotope values do not preclude the utilization of vent-derived methane. These data could be explained by the presence of two metabolically distinct bacterial symbionts or a Type X methanotrophic symbiont.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seep Mytilid Ia (SMIa), an undescribed mussel found at hydrocarbon seeps in the Gulf of Mexico, harbors intracellular methanotrophic symbionts. Two techniques were used to address the hypothesis that host digestion of symbionts is a significant mechanism of carbon transfer from symbiont to host in the SMIa association: lysosomal enzyme cytochemistry and 14C tissue autoradiography. Acid phosphatase activity was consistently localized in the Golgi apparatus and associated vesicles of gill cells, but was detected around bacteria in only three of approximately 50 bacteriocytes examined. These results indicate that the cellular equipment necessary for lysosomal digestion of symbionts is present in host bacteriocytes, but that acid phosphatase activity in symbiont vacuoles is rare at a given point in time. Tissue autoradiography was conducted with mussels collected in September 1992 to document carbon fixation by symbionts and follow the time course of transfer to host tissues. No asymbiotic host cell type showed a significant increase in relative grain density until at least 1 d after the end of incubation with 14C-methane. The ratio of label in the basal portion of bacteriocytes to total bacteriocyte label did not show a significant increase until 10 d after the end of the incubation period, indicating a slow increase of labeled carbon in the putative residual bodies, containing the remnants of lysosomal digestion. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that host digestion of symbionts is one route of nutrient acquisition in SMIa. Intracellular methanotrophic bacteria were found outside of the gill in SMIa juveniles, in mantle and foot epithelial tissues previously believed to be symbiont-free. These extra-gill symbionts and their host cells are morphologically similar to their gill counterparts and, like the gill symbionts, actively fix carbon from methane.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 523-527 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Symbiotic molluscs ; Ruminent digestion model ; Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The purification and some molecular properties of six lysozymes from the gills of different mytilids and vesicomyids are described: they belong to the previously described Invertebrate lysozyme family. The predominance of the bacterial nutrition in these organisms seems to necessitate the presence of a lysozyme as in the case of the ruminant digestion model.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 43 (1996), S. 523-527 
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Symbiotic molluscs — Ruminent digestion model — Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The purification and some molecular properties of six lysozymes from the gills of different mytilids and vesicomyids are described: they belong to the previously described Invertebrate lysozyme family. The predominance of the bacterial nutrition in these organisms seems to necessitate the presence of a lysozyme as in the case of the ruminant digestion model.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 152-162 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Point-of-use plasma abatement (PPA) has been proposed as one way to eliminate perfluorinated compound (PFC) emission from various tools used in integrated circuit manufacturing. PPA employs a high density plasma between the process tool turbomolecular pump and the backing pump. Oxygen is added to the process tool effluent upstream of the PPA tool. The mixture of oxygen and PFC-containing tool effluent enters the PPA tool and the PFCs are converted to products that can be scrubbed downstream of the backing pump. In this article, we present a model for the PPA tool operation, illustrating the principles with a mixture of C2F6/O2. A plasma model is coupled to a neutral transport and reaction model, including electron-impact molecular dissociation and subsequent gas phase chemistry. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 19 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract: The Barbados trench is characterized by large fields of volcanoes and mounds located over a distance of 30 km above the northern slope of a basement ridge corresponding to an inactive transform fault. Sediments from various locations were collected and analyzed for their lipid contents. Bacterial input to the overall biomass was estimated through the analysis of phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and glycerol ether lipids. Results indicated a eubacterial biomass estimated to be 109cells (g dry wt)−1. Individual fatty acid profiles revealed the presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria common to many deep-sea sites but also a large contribution of type I and type II methanotrophs to the eubacterial biomass. The presence of methanotrophs was further supported by the analysis of specific biomarkers of these microorganisms as well as some unusual trans fatty acid isomers. Anaerobic bacteria and presumbly sulfate reducing bacteria were also present, as well as archaebacteria and primarily methanogens, as indicated by glycerol ether lipid analysis.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Archaea ; hydrothermal ; hyperthermophilic ; phylogeny ; taxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Hyperthermophilic Archaea and Bacteria with optimal growth temperatures between 80 and 110°C have been isolated from geo- and hydro-thermally heated terrestrial and submarine environments. 16S rRNA sequence comparisons indicate great phylogenetic diversity among the 23 different genera represented. Hyperthermophiles consist of anaerobic and aerobic chemolithoautotrophs and heterotrophs growing at neutral or acidic pH. Their outstanding heat resistance makes them as interesting objects for basic research as for biotechnology in the future.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words HP granulites ; Zircon dating ; Rutile dating ; Lower Carboniferous ; N Bohemia ; Czech Republic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  U–Pb zircon and rutile multigrain ages and 207Pb/206Pb zircon evaporation ages are reported from high-pressure felsic and metapelitic granulites from northern Bohemia, Czech Republic. The granulites, in contrast to those from other occurrences in the Bohemian Massif, do not show evidence of successive HT/MP-LP overprints. Multigrain size fractions of nearly spherical, multifaceted, metamorphic zircons from three samples are slightly discordant and yield a U–Pb Concordia intercept age of 348±10 Ma, whereas single zircon evaporation of two samples resulted in 207Pb/206Pb ages of 339±1.5 and 339±1.4 Ma, respectively. A rutile fraction from one sample has a U–Pb Concordia intercept age of 346±14 Ma. All ages are identical, within error, and a mean age of 342±5 Ma was adopted to reflect the peak of HP metamorphism. Because rutile has a lower closing temperature for the U–Pb isotopic system than zircon, the results and the P–T data imply rapid uplift and cooling after peak metamorphism. The above age is identical to ages for high-grade metamorphism reported from the southern Bohemian Massif and the Granulite Massif in Saxony. It can be speculated that all these granulites were part of the same lower crustal unit in early Carboniferous, being separated later due to crustal stacking and subsequent late Variscan orogenic collapse.
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