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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Characterization of Gram Matrices of Polytopes (1999)
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 21 (1999), S. 581-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We give a characterization of the Gram matrices of spherical and finite-volume hyperbolic polytopes of a given combinatorial type. This is done in terms of the signs of certain minors of the Gram matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00009440
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of *-dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in mothrepellents (1999)
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 4 (1999), S. 473-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; HPLC ; *-Dichlorobenzene ; Naphthalene ; Mothrepellents.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The determination of dichlorobenzene and naphthalene in commercial repellents used in Spain has been validated. This was done using an isocratic regime, to test the reverse -phase HPLC system with acetonitrile: water 65 : 35 (v: v) as the mobile phase, at 20  °C. This technique is proposed for the modular validation of the HPLC system . The results obtained with this method show good agreement with the results provided by the manufacturers of the mothrepellents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007690050414
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of temperature on hatching and penetration of chickpea roots by Pratylenchus thornei (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Egg hatch of Pratylenchus thornei was influenced by temperature. It took place at all temperatures within the range 10–25°C and was optimal at 20°C. Root penetration increased steadily with increasing time of incubation up to the end of the experiment 11 days after inoculation. Temperature affected penetration rate in chickpea (Cicer arietinum) cultivars UC 27 and JG 62 but not in line P 2245, being significantly higher at 20–25°C than that at 15°C. At the end of the experiment, roots of line P 2245 held at 15°C contained more P. thornei than cultivars UC 27 and JG 62. No difference in percentage penetration among host genotypes was observed at 20 or 25°C. All migratory stages of P. thornei penetrated roots of chickpea from the first to 11th days after inoculation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1996.d01-112.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control of Verticillium wilt of cotton by means of soil solarization and tolerant cultivars in southern Spain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Eight field experiments (I-VIII) were conducted in clay soils naturally infested with a cotton-defoliating pathotype of Verticillium dahliae in the lower Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucia, southern Spain, during the period 1986-90. Experiments I-VI aimed to determine the efficacy of soil solarization in reducing populations of the pathogen in soil and eventually contributing to the control of Verticillium wilt of cotton. The population of V. dahliae in the 0-to 40-cm soil layer was reduced to undetectable or very low levels after solarization for 6 to 10 weeks. The final incidence of Verticillium wilt in the cotton crop following solarization was reduced to 13% or less in solarized plots, compared to 55–90·5% in unsolarized controls. The onset of disease incidence in the solarized plots was delayed by 2–7 weeks, increased at a lower rate, and had a smaller area under the disease progress curve, compared to that in unsolarized plots. Seed cotton yields in solarized plots increased by 11·3-130·9% depending upon experiments, cultivars and years. Experiments VII and VIII aimed to determine the use of the highly wilt-tolerant cotton cv. Acala GC 510 for control of the disease that had been cropped to susceptible cotton cultivars the year before in solarized soils. Solarized or unsolarized plots were first sown to susceptible cotton cvs Acala SJ2 and Coker 310, and the following year were sown to cv. Acala GC 510. The inoculum density of V. dahliae at the time of sowing cv. Acala GC 510 in previously solarized plots had increased to moderate levels, but remained considerably lower than that in unsolarized plots. The final disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in unsolarized plots was lower than that in susceptible cultivars grown in the same plots the year before. Furthermore, the disease incidence in cv. Acala GC 510 grown in solarized plots was as high as that in susceptible cultivars grown the year before with much less initial inoculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02776.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathogenicity and histopathology of Pratylenchus thornei populations on selected chickpea genotypes (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Four populations of Pratylenchus thornei from different locations were tested for reproductive fitness in axenic carrot disc cultures and for pathogenicity to chickpea cultivars JG 62 and UC 27 and lines K 850 and ILC 1929. Parasitism and histopathology on selected chickpea genotypes (JG 62, UC 27 and lines ILC 482, ICC 11324 and ICC 12237) were also investigated. Reproductive fitness, assessed as the ratio of the final number of nematodes per carrot disc to the number of nematodes inoculated, was similar among the populations tested and the four populations reproduced to a similar extent in a given chickpea genotype. However, the extent of reproduction was significantly affected by the chickpea genotype, JG 62 and UC 27 being the best and poorest hosts, respectively. Pathogenicity to chickpea genotypes was assessed by the difference in fresh root and dry shoot weights between infected and uninfected plants 90 days after inoculation. Plant growth was significantly reduced by the four nematode populations in all chickpea genotypes, with the exception of cv. JG 62, which was tolerant of P. thornei. Severity of root necrosis caused by nematode infection was similar for all populations. Histopathological studies of chickpea genotypes infected by P. thornei showed that all were suitable hosts according to nematode reproduction and host reaction. P. thornei always migrated through epidermal and cortical cells by breaking down cell walls along the nematode pathway. In the most susceptible lines (ILC 482 and JG 62), damage to endodermal cells adjacent to nematode feeding sites was occasionally observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00240.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasitism of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei on chickpea (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pratylenchus thornei-chickpea interactions were investigated under controlled and fluctuating environmental conditions in the growth chamber, greenhouse and shadehouse. Under controlled conditions, P. thornei infected chickpea lines 12071/10054 and P2245 and cultivars Andoum 1, JG62 and UC27. Line P 2245 and cv. JG 62 were the most susceptible genotypes on the basis of root damage and nematode reproduction, but nematode infection did not significantly reduce root and shoot weights. Cultivars Andoum 1 and UC27 and line 12071/10054 showed the least root damage and nematode reproduction. Inoculation of cv. Andoum 1 with 2500, 5000 or 10000 nematodes per plant in pots did not affect shoot weight, regardless of the conditions of water stress of the plants. However, root weight was significantly reduced by nematode infection in plants grown under water stress and fluctuating temperature conditions in the greenhouse, but was not affected by any other treatment. The nematode reproduction index was not affected by soil water content under shadehouse conditions, but was greater on plants watered to soil water-holding capacity than in water-stressed plants under greenhouse conditions. For both environments, the nematode reproduction index decreased when inoculum density was greater than 5000 nematodes per plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb01697.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of relative humidity and temperature on development of Didymella rabiei on chickpea debris (1998)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Publishers
    Plant pathology 47 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Didymella rabiei grew saprophytically on pieces of artificially and naturally infected chickpea stem debris under artificial incubation conditions, and formed pseudothecia and pycnidia. The extent of growth was not significantly affected by temperature of incubation within the range 5–25°C, but was significantly reduced as relative humidity (RH) decreased from 100% to 86%, when no growth occurred. Pseudothecia matured at 10°C and constant 100% RH, or at 5 and 10°C and alternating 100%/34% RH. Under these conditions, pseudothecial maturation, assessed by a pseudothecia maturity index, increased over time according to the logistic model. For temperatures higher than 10°C or RH lower than 100%, pseudothecia either did not form ascospores, or ascopores did not mature and their content degenerated. When pseudothecia that initially developed to a given developmental stage were further incubated at a constant 100% RH, temperature became less limiting for complete pseudothecial development as the developmental stage was more advanced. Pycnidia of the fungus developed and formed viable conidia in all environmental conditions studied, except at 86% RH. However, the density of pycnidia formed and the number of viable conidia per pycnidium were significantly influenced by temperature, RH and the type of debris (artificially or naturally infected) used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1998.00208.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on cotton yield in southern Spain (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 46 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Experiments were conducted in the Guadalquivir Valley of Andalucía, southern Spain, in 1986 and 1987, using field plots naturally infested with different inoculum densities of the defoliating and nondefoliating pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae to determine the influence of verticillium wilt epidemics on yield of cotton cultivar Coker 310. The total number of bolls, the number of open bolls, and seed cotton yield were related to the growth stage of plants at first appearance of foliar symptoms, and to inoculum density and virulence of the V. dahliae pathotype prevailing in the soil. For the three yield components, the greatest reduction was observed in plants showing symptoms before opening of first flowers (about 650 degree-days after sowing). Yield increased with delay in the development of foliar symptoms during the crop season, and the effect of the wilt epidemics on yield was small or nil for plants that developed symptoms after opening of the first bolls (1400–1500 degree-days after sowing). A multiple regression equation was derived that related yield reduction to the physiological time accumulated from the time of sowing until the appearance of foliar symptoms and to the rate of disease intensity increase over physiological time. This multiple point model explained about 70% of the variation in cotton yield loss due to verticillium wilt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.1997.d01-221.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survival of Didymella rabiei in chickpea straw debris in Spain (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 44 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Didymella rabiei grew saprophytically on pieces of infested chickpea stems and pods, and formed pycnidia and pseudothecia. The extent of saprophytic growth and production of viable spores were determined by the incubation conditions. On debris left on the soil surface under natural conditions, the fungus rapidly colonized the tissues, formed abundant pseudothecia and pycnidia, and remained viable throughout the 2 years of the study. When plant debris was buried, D, rabiei was restricted to the original lesions, in which it formed new pycnidia and was viable for 2 to 5 months. Under controlled conditions in the laboratory, D. rabiei extensively colonized plant debris spread over the soil surface. On the other hand, the fungus did not grow on buried debris, or showed only very limited development when the artificially infested debris was buried between two layers of sterilized soil. Incubation temperature was the principal factor associated with the production of conidia and especially ascospores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02785.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whiskers in indium tin oxide films obtained by electron beam evaporation (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 1995-2002 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Indium tin oxide thin films consisting mainly of whiskers have been deposited on glass by electron beam evaporation. Low deposition rates (35 Å/min) and substrate temperatures in the 120–400 °C range were used. Morphology by scanning electron microscopy, crystal structure, energy dispersive analysis of x-rays, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy compositions, optical and conducting properties of films have been studied as a function of temperature of growth and further annealing in air. Whiskers associate and produce flatter surfaces, the grain size increases from (approximate)390 Å to (approximate)790 Å, keeping however its fibrous structure after 400 °C-30 min annealing. In films deposited at temperatures below 200 °C, next to cubic In2O3, tetragonal Sn and cubic In2Sn2O(7−x) appear. During growth and after air annealing Sn4+ segregates to the surface, attaining Sn/In concentration ratios of 4.6. On air annealing the optical transmittance and electrical resistance increase, in some cases from 2% to 90% and by a factor of about 4, respectively. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366928
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