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  • 1995-1999  (183)
  • 1
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    Correction of hypertension by normalization of endothelial levels of fibroblast growth factor and nitric oxide synthase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1996)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-10-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TAX BASIS AND NONLINEARITY IN CASH STREAM VALUATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Mathematical finance 5 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9965
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: The value of a future cash stream is often taken to be its net present value with respect to some term structure. This means that a linear formula is used in which each future payment is discounted by a factor deemed appropriate for the date on which the payment will be made. In a money market with taxes and shorting costs, however, there is no theoretical support for the existence of a universal term structure for this purpose. What is worse, reliance on linear formulas can be seriously inaccurate relative to true worth and can lead to paradoxes of disequilibrium. A consistent no-arbitrage theory of valuation in such a market requires instead that taxed and untaxed investors be grouped in separate classes with different valuation operators. Such operators are linear to scale but nonlinear with respect to addition. Here it is established that although these valuation operators provide general bounds applicable across an entire class, individual investors within a tax class can have more special operators because of the influence of existing holdings. These customized valuation operators have the feature of not even being linear to scale. In consequence of this nonlinearity, investors from the same or different tax classes can undertake advantageous trades even when the market is in a no-arbitrage state, but such trade opportunities are limited. Some degree of activity in financial markets can thereby be understood without appeal to differences in utility functions or temporary disequilibrium due to random disturbances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9965.1995.tb00104.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mercury induces multiple antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli through activation of SoxR, a redox-sensing regulatory protein (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 154 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Sub-inhibitory mercury concentrations are capable of partially activating SoxR, as shown by the augmented expression of a soxS′::lacZ fusion, and a diminished sensitivity to antibiotics caused by mercury treatment. Mercury may elevate the intracellular concentration of superoxide or perhaps act as a putative metal ligand for SoxR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12671.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cash crisis threatens to close Mexico's leading university (1999)
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 401 (1999), S. 524-524 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir Academic staff at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), the most important university in the country, have been on strike for more than 160 days in protest at the government's plan to increase student fees. It has been a devastating experience. Two hundred ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/44000
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GERMLINE CYST FORMATION IN DROSOPHILA (1997)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 31 (1997), S. 405-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a wide variety of organisms, gametes develop within clusters of interconnected germline cells called cysts. Four major principles guide the construction of most cysts: synchronous division, a maximally branched pattern of interconnection between cells, specific changes in cyst geometry, and cyst polarization. The fusome is a germline-specific organelle that is associated with cyst formation in many insects and is likely to play an essential role in these processes. This review examines the cellular and molecular processes that underlie fusome formation and cyst initiation, construction, and polarization in Drosophila melanogaster. The studies described here highlight the importance of cyst formation to the subsequent development of functional gametes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomorphism of 2-methylnaphthalene and 2-halonaphthalenes as a revealer of a special interaction between methyl and halogen (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 4841-4846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The systems 2-methylnaphthalene+2-chloronaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene+2-bromonaphthalene belong to the exceptional group of binary systems where the formation of mixed crystals goes together with a solid–liquid phase diagram with a maximum. For these systems a thermodynamic analysis is presented which is based on new phase diagram and thermochemical data. The excess Gibbs energies, excess enthalpies, and excess entropies of the mixed crystalline state all are negative. These properties correspond to a net attraction between methyl and substituted halogen. Additional evidence of such an attraction is given by the outcome of a statistical search on intermolecular contacts, in the crystalline state of pure substances, among methyl+halogen, halogen+halogen, and methyl+methyl. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478370
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Global change and root function (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 4 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: Global change includes land-use change, elevated CO2 concentrations, increased temperature and increased rainfall variability. All four aspects by themselves and in combination will influence the role of roots in linking below- and above-ground ecosystem function via organic and inorganic resource flows. Root-mediated ecosystem functions which may be modified by global change include below-ground resource (water, nutrients) capture, creation and exploitation of spatial heterogeneity, buffering of temporal variations in above-ground factors, supply and storage of C and nutrients to the below-ground ecosystem, mobilization of nutrients and C from stored soil reserves, and gas exchange between soil and atmosphere including the emission from soil of greenhouse gases.The theory of a functional equilibrium between root and shoot allocation is used to explore predicted responses to elevated CO2 in relation to water or nutrient supply as limiting root function. The theory predicts no change in root:shoot allocation where water uptake is the limiting root function, but substantial shifts where nutrient uptake is (or becomes) the limiting function. Root turnover will not likely be influenced by elevated CO2, but by changes in regularity of water supply. A number of possible mechanisms for root-mediated N mineralization is discussed in the light of climate change factors. Rhizovory (root consumption) may increase under global change as the balance between plant chemical defense and adapted root consuming organisms may be modified during biome shifts in response to climate change. Root-mediated gas exchange allows oxygen to penetrate into soils and methane (CH4) to escape from wetland soils of tundra ecosystems as well as tropical rice production systems. The effect on net greenhouse gas emissions of biome shifts (fens replacing bogs) as well as of agricultural land management will depend partly on aerenchyma in roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00192.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steady streaming in oscillatory viscous flow under a transverse magnetic field (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 1430-1434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this paper we deal with the oscillatory laminar boundary layer flow of an electrically conducting fluid near an insulating solid body under a transverse, uniform magnetic field. It is assumed that the two-dimensional flow is produced by an external stream velocity which varies periodically and that the magnetic field induced in the fluid can be neglected. The solution of the boundary layer equations is found by an expansion on the small parameter ε (the inverse of the Strouhal number). Both the primary oscillatory flow and the secondary flow which is composed of an oscillatory motion and a steady contribution, i.e. the steady streaming, are analytically determined. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow correctly reduces to the hydrodynamic limit when the magnetic field vanishes. However, differently from the hydrodynamic case, the MHD second order steady solution satisfies the vanishing of the steady streaming motion as the distance from the body tends to infinity. This result is a consequence of the suppression of the only vorticity component, which is perpendicular to the magnetic field. Further, when the magnetic interaction parameter is sufficiently high, the streaming motion can be completely suppressed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869255
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ measurement of the rate of H absorption by a Pd cathode during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1324-1330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An experimental setup to measure "in situ" the amount of H that a Pd cathode absorbs during the electrolysis of aqueous solutions has been built up and tested. The setup implements a volumetric technique, i.e., it involves the measurement of the rate of H2 generation by the cathode. The pros and cons of this type of techniques against other procedures, the measurement of the variation of the cathode electrical resistance or of its dilation during the electrolysis, are briefly discussed. A careful analysis of the setup error sources is done by using two non-H-absorbing Pt electrodes. Neither any significant recombination of the electrolysis gases (H2 and O2), nor any deviation of a 100% electrolysis efficiency have been observed. It has been found that gas (air) release and H2 and O2 absorption by the solution, in the first stage of the electrolysis, seriously affect the measurement of the rate of H absorption by the cathode. Several improvements of the experimental installation and an operation protocol of saturation of H2 and O2 and of exhaustion of air in the solution, before starting the electrolysis, allowed overcoming those limitations. Finally, we present the results obtained in the measurement of the rate of H uptake by a Pd cathode during electrolysis. The reliability of the measurement has been confirmed by electrochemically deloading the Pd cathode. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147901
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic properties of light-induced recombination centers in boron-doped Czochralski silicon (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3175-3180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In order to study the electronic properties of the recombination centers responsible for the light-induced carrier lifetime degradation commonly observed in high-purity boron-doped Czochralski (Cz) silicon, injection-level dependent carrier lifetime measurements are performed on a large number of boron-doped p-type Cz silicon wafers of various resistivities (1–31 Ω cm) prior to and after light degradation. The measurement technique used is the contactless quasi-steady-state photoconductance method, allowing carrier lifetime measurements over a very broad injection range between 1012 and 1017 cm−3. To eliminate all recombination channels not related to the degradation effect, the difference of the inverse lifetimes measured after and before light degradation is evaluated. A detailed analysis of the injection level dependence of the carrier lifetime change using the Shockley–Read–Hall theory shows that the fundamental recombination center created during illumination has an energy level between Ev+0.35 and Ec−0.45 eV and an electron/hole capture time constant ratio between 0.1 and 0.2. This deep-level center is observed in all samples and is attributed to a new type of boron–oxygen complex. Besides this fundamental defect, in some samples an additional shallow-level recombination center at 0.15 eV below Ec or above Ev is found to be activated during light exposure. This second center dominates the light-degraded carrier lifetime only under high-injection conditions and is hence only of minor importance for low-injection operated devices. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371186
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