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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct measurements of strain in shock-loaded glass specimens (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 3971-3974 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Direct measurements of the uniaxial strain behind wave fronts in shock-loaded glass specimens reveal several new aspects of their dynamic response. The measurements have been achieved by embedding longitudinal strain gauges in the shocked specimen in such a way that gauge length is along the shock propagation direction. Following the resistance changes of the gauges, we were able to find differences in the loading characteristics below and above the Hugoniot elastic limit of the glass, measure residual strains when shocked above this limit, and find interesting aspects of the strain histories behind the failure wave fronts. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361825
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-speed photography of compressive failure waves in glasses (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3736-3739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A mechanism for the compressive failure of soda-lime and borosilicate glasses is proposed based upon high-speed photography of impact on glasses. Shock loading was produced by the impact of a 50 mm diameter projectile so inducing shock states of one-dimensional strain in glass targets. The shock waves and failure fronts were visualised using the shadowgraph technique. The failure appeared to occur at discrete nucleation sites and propagated out to form a continuous front. The velocity of this front increased with higher impact stresses and varied with the glass composition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360709
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A high-speed photographic study of cavitation damage (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 4423-4427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Cylindrical cavities, viewed through the side as they collapsed onto solid surfaces, were studied using high-speed streak and framing photography. The cavities were collapsed asymmetrically using shock waves of varying amplitude so that the rear surface formed a high-speed jet which crossed the cavity and interacted with the target surface. Schlieren optics were used to visualise waves in the fluid and in the target. Two features of the collapsing bubble affected the damage to the target surface. The first was the impact of the high-speed liquid jet on either the rear wall of the cavity or the target itself. The second was the production of a strong compression wave on the rebound of the bubble after it reached minimum volume. Damage to the targets related to their material properties. Metals, with low compressive but higher tensile strengths, plastically deformed beneath the penetrating jet to form a pit. Brittle materials, with high compressive but low tensile strengths, deformed by cracking. The position of the cavity relative to the surface had a major effect upon the geometry of the damage. With the cavity close to the target, the penetrating jet dominated the damage leaving single pits. With the cavity at some distance, the rebound wave was more important than the jet giving rise to a circular damage mark. This mechanism can be used to re-interpret previous experimental observations [Y. Tomita and A. Shima, J. Fluid Mech. 119, 535 (1986)]. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359850
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spall strength of alumina ceramics (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 734-738 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response to plate impact loading of three aluminas with varying glass content and porosity has been investigated. Spall strengths have been shown to be dependent on the amplitude and duration of the compression pulse which precedes the tensile loading, but insensitive to the rate of release. Some tensile strength is measured in impacts where the Hugoniot elastic limit has been exceeded. The effect of the material microstructure on the dynamic tensile strength has also been studied. Low porosity aluminas with many microstructural irregularities were found to possess the lowest spall strengths. Experimental values compare well with those predicted by an energy balance theory developed by Grady [J. Mech. Phys. Solids 36, 353 (1988)]. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368130
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear stress measurements in copper, iron, and mild steel under shock loading conditions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 2579-2583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of experiments have been conducted on metals subjected to planar impact loading in which a biaxial stress state and a uniaxial strain state is induced. Longitudinal and transverse stresses have been measured in copper, iron, and mild steel, using manganin stress gauges. The results have been used to calculate shear stress from the difference between the stress components. Results indicate that copper displays an increase in shear stress with pressure, showing similar trends to other work. An increase in dislocation density has been suggested as a possible mechanism. Iron shows a constant shear stress with increasing pressure, again in accordance with other workers. Finally, mild steel has been observed to have a significant increase in shear stress with increasing pressure. The inclusion of a hard second phase in the microstructure is thought to produce a large amount of dislocation debris, again explaining the observed hardening. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363967
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure in a shocked high-density glass (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4328-4331 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One of the outstanding questions concerning the compressive behavior of brittle materials concerns the failure wave observed in glasses. While much work has centered around relatively open structure, low density glasses such as borosilicate (pyrex) and soda-lime (float, which is partially filled), none has addressed the response of highly filled lead glasses. This work presents the results of a series of plate impact experiments carried out on the lead glass DEDF.TM This material was shocked in uniaxial strain and the longitudinal and lateral components of stress and strain were measured. The failure wave, observed in lower density glasses, was observed in this material but its velocity reached that of the shock at less than twice the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363382
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shear strength measurements in a tungsten alloy during shock loading (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 6707-6709 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Lateral stress measurements in a tungsten alloy, in combination with known Hugoniot data, have been used to find the shear strength of this material, and its variation with longitudinal shock stress, up to 14 GPa. Results show that the shear strength increases significantly with increasing stress. Prior to this work, there has been disagreement in the literature on the effect of shock stress on the shear strength of tungsten and its alloys. The present work agrees with the data obtained by Zhou and Clifton [J. Appl. Mech. 64, 487 (1997)] who used pressure shear. However, the range of stresses studied has been greatly extended. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371748
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dynamic compressive strength of aluminas (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 4866-4871 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The plate impact loading response of three aluminas with varying glass content (purity) and porosity has been investigated using the 50 mm gas-gun facility at the University of Cambridge. The elastic precursor amplitude has been shown to be sensitive to both shock propagation distance and impact stress. The precursor decay effect is greatest in the low purity aluminas. The effect of the material microstructure on the compressive strength at high rates of strain has been studied. Porosity was shown to play the dominant role although some grain-size effects were also noted. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368729
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Electrothermal Enhancement of Propellant Burning by Plasma Injection (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 22 (1997), S. 212-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A series of experimental demonstrations of plasma injection into a burning propellant interface is presented. The propellant is a nitro-guanidine based material in the form of a right cylinder with a bore along its central axis. It is ignited by a hot-wire system and, when a pre-set pressure is achieved, a second wire is exploded using a high-voltage capacitor discharge circuit. The second wire forms a plasma, precisely at, or well away from the burning interface. Comparing the pressure histories from these different geometries allows the effect of increased burning rate to be separated from Joule heating of the product gases. Analysis of these histories shows a pressure increase over that caused by Joule heating of the products.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19970220406
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  • 10
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    High‐speed photography of compressive failure waves in glasses (1995)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-09-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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