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  • Articles  (96)
  • 1995-1999  (96)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-05-21
    Description: Mutations of the breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 confer increased risk for breast, ovarian, and prostatic cancers, but it is not clear why the mutations are associated with these particular tumor types. In transient transfection assays, BRCA1 was found to inhibit signaling by the ligand-activated estrogen receptor (ER-alpha) through the estrogen-responsive enhancer element and to block the transcriptional activation function AF-2 of ER-alpha. These results raise the possibility that wild-type BRCA1 suppresses estrogen-dependent transcriptional pathways related to mammary epithelial cell proliferation and that loss of this ability contributes to tumorigenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fan, S -- Wang, J -- Yuan, R -- Ma, Y -- Meng, Q -- Erdos, M R -- Pestell, R G -- Yuan, F -- Auborn, K J -- Goldberg, I D -- Rosen, E M -- R01-CA75503/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01-ES09169/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 May 21;284(5418):1354-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Oncology, Long Island Jewish Medical Center, The Long Island Campus for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 270-05 76th Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10334989" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: BRCA1 Protein/*physiology ; Breast/cytology ; Breast Neoplasms/etiology ; Cell Division ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Estradiol/metabolism ; Estrogen Receptor alpha ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, Reporter ; Humans ; Ligands ; Male ; Receptors, Estrogen/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 13242-13251 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 13233-13241 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 247-253 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.14. Hg ; 68.35. Bs ; 87.64. Fb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different cleaning procedures on Si(111) wafers has been studied. A three-step cleaning process was used. The first two steps (thermal oxidation followed by RCA cleaning) were common to all samples. The final step involved rinsing in one of a set of HF/NH4F buffer solutions with a wide range ofpH values. Three different surface techniques were used for characterizing the chemical condition and morphology of the treated surfaces: XPS (X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy), REM (Reflection Electron Microscopy) and SIMS (Secondary-Ion Mass Spectroscopy). It has been found that thepH value of an HF solution does significantly affect the etching rate and morphology of the Si(111) surface: For the same type of solution, the smaller thepH value, the higher the etching rate. Basic solutions withpH values larger than eight have a much weaker etching effect on the surface, which is contradictory to some previous reports. The most effective solutions for the etching of the Si(111) surface are the solutions of HF buffered by NH4F, with thepH in the range of 2–6. REM images indicate that the surface morphology after etching in the HF solution is strongly affected by the length of the etching time: Overetching will roughen the surface. The SIMS data show that water rinsing in air during the cleaning process does speed up oxidation, but it is necessary to use water to clean off the residuals from the HF solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3465-3471 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A mass spectrometer beam system using a double focusing sector analyzer and an electron impact ion source has been developed for trace analysis. The molecular beam, formed through a focusing glass capillary array, serves as the gas inlet of the system. Closed cycle cryopumps and ion pumps are used to generate the high vacuum. System roughing is achieved using sorption pumps. Clean and oil free vacuum was obtained by nonmechanical pumping. System normal mode sensitivity is about 107 counts/s/Torr. System low pressure mode sensitivity can be three orders of magnitude higher when sample pressures are below 30 mTorr. A parts-per-billion range system detection capability was accomplished. Slow response time for adsorptive species measurements is a major drawback of the sample inlet system. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 144-146 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spatial profile of methyl radical concentration in a hot-filament reactor has been measured using cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) at a wavelength of 213.9 nm for which the CH3 absorption cross section has been shown to be nearly independent of temperature. Methyl radicals are generated with a 25 mm long tungsten filament heated to 2400 K in a slowly flowing mixture of 0.6% CH4 in H2 (20 Torr total pressure). CRDS is employed to measure CH3 absorbance as a function of a distance perpendicular to the axis of the filament. The CH3 absorbance profiles do not change when the direction of the process gas flow through the reactor is reversed, which indicates cylindrical symmetry of the CH3 distribution about the filament. Consequently, the radial CH3concentration in the reactor is determined by Abel inversion of the CH3 absorbance profile. The CH3concentration peaks ∼4 mm from the filament (1.04×1014molecules/cm3). Methyl radicals decay rapidly as a function of a distance from the filament and disappear about 2 cm from the filament within our present detection sensitivity (3×1012molecules/cm3). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Keywords: active phase cells ; dividing cells ; garlic ; nucleolus ; quiescent cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The changes in nuclear ultrastructure during garlic development were investigated. In quiescent cells, the nucleus was oblate and small, full of heterochromatin, and without nucleolus. In the active phase cells, the nucleus moved toward the center of the cell, and was enlarged with many deep fissures, and the heterochromatin in the nucleus turned to be euchromatin. One or more nucleoli were seen in active phase cells. Cell divisions were by means of amitosis. Relatively large nuclei with small distortions were seen in the callus cells. These results suggest that the metabolism of the active cells was higher than that of callus and quiescent cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theory of computing systems 30 (1997), S. 559-582 
    ISSN: 1433-0490
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. We study comparator networks for selection, merging, and sorting that output the correct result with high probability, given a random input permutation. We prove tight bounds, up to constant factors, on the size and depth of probabilistic (n,k)-selection networks. In the case of (n, n/2)-selection, our result gives a somewhat surprising bound of $\Theta(n \log \log n)$ on the size of networks of success probability in $[\delta, 1-1/\mbox{poly}(n)]$ , where δ is an arbitrarily small positive constant, thus comparing favorably with the best previously known solutions, which have size $\Theta(n\log n)$ . We also prove tight bounds, up to lower-order terms, on the size and depth of probabilistic merging networks of success probability in $[\delta, 1-1/\mbox{poly}(n)]$ , where δ is an arbitrarily small positive constant. Finally, we describe two fairly simple probabilistic sorting networks of success probability at least $1-1/\mbox{poly}(n)$ and nearly logarithmic depth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 881-887 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Conifers ; In vitro fertilization ; Intergeneric crosses ; Prezygotic barriers ; Gamete delivery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Germinating pollen from larch (Larix occidentalis), Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) and white pine (Pinus monticola) were co-cultured with megagametophytes dissected from cones of other genera (Pseudotsuga menziesii, Larix×eurolepis and Pinus monticola). Pollen was presented to megagametophytes possessing archegonia which were either alive, degenerating or dead. In addition, pollen was presented to fertilized megagametophytes and to megagametophytes that had been cut in half. Megagametophyte penetration by pollen tubes and male gamete release into archegonia were verified by serial sections of glycomethacrylate-embedded specimens. Pollen tubes penetrated through any part of the apex of the megagametophyte. Division of the body cell into the two gametes was regularly observed. Delivery of gametes was confirmed between spruce and larch. Pollen tubes also penetrated fertilized megagametophytes, dead or degenerating archegonia as well as wounded and/or cut surfaces. This demonstrates the inability of the male gametophyte to optimize its mating efforts, since it is unable to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy archegonia. The megagametophyte cells are unable to optimize male selection. They may produce secretions of a generally attractive nature, as pollen is attracted to the apex of the megagametophyte, but archegonia themselves do not produce pollen-specific signals of either a promotive or inhibitory nature. These results open new avenues for the development of novel breeding strategies where natural breeding barriers may be bypassed.
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