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  • Articles  (50)
  • 2020-2024  (1)
  • 1995-1999  (49)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible optical storage utilizing pulsed, photoinduced, electric-field-assisted reorientation of azobenzenes (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 2156-2158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate a method of permanent optical recording of digital data which exploits a fast photoisomerization of nonlinear molecules, followed by a slow permanent alignment within a polymer. Write and erase cycles are initiated by rapidly photoisomerizing azobenzene molecules into an intermediate state with a larger mobility. The molecules align or randomly orient within the polymer depending on the presence or absence of an electric field. During orientation, relaxation to a stable isomer occurs and the alignment becomes permanent. The recorded information can then be nondestructively read by second-harmonic generation. Nanosecond optical exposures were used, demonstrating that extremely fast recording rates are possible. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113931
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of Acyclic Tetraenes and Trienes with Transition Metals: Organonickel Compounds (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 14 (1995), S. 1893-1900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00004a049
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Chain Orientation in Liquid Crystalline Polymers by Means of Microfocus X-ray Scattering Measurements (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 7071-7074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00125a006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FUNCTIONS OF THE 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGIONS OF POSITIVE STRAND RNA VIRAL GENOMES (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 37 (1999), S. 151-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: Abstract Positive strand RNA viral genomes are unique in the viral world in serving a dual role as mRNA and replicon. Since the origin of the minus-strand RNA replication intermediate is at the 3'-end of the genome, the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) clearly plays a role in viral RNA replication. The messenger role of this same RNA likely places functional demands on the 3'-UTR to serve roles typical of cellular mRNAs, including the regulation of RNA stability and translation. Current understanding indicates varied roles for positive strand RNA viral 3'-UTRs, with the dominant roles differing between viruses. Three case studies are discussed: turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA, whose 3' tRNA mimicry is thought to negatively regulate minus strand synthesis; brome mosaic virus, whose 3'-UTR contains a unique promoter element directing minus strand synthesis; and tobacco mosaic virus, whose 3'-UTR contains an enhancer of translational expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.37.1.151
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The near-infrared bands of NO2 observed by high-resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy (1998)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 10217-10221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Fourier-transform absorption spectra of NO2 at 298 K were recorded between 9000–15 000 cm−1 at Doppler-limited resolution (0.012 cm−1), in the region near the A˜ 2B2–X˜ 2A1 conical intersection. The strong rovibronic bands are rather isolated and organized into polyads which can be assigned by the number of bending quanta of the A˜ 2B2 state, corresponding to the transitions with the largest Franck–Condon factors. Around 9735 cm−1, where the origin of the A˜ 2B2–X˜ 2A1 vibronic band system is located and up to about 11 200 cm−1, hot bands dominate the spectrum. The complexity of the spectrum increases with energy due to an increasing density of A˜ 2B2 and X˜ 2A1 vibrational levels. The rotational structure is dense and irregular as already observed for higher bands. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.477716
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Occurrence of Agricultural Chemicals in Illinois' Rural Private Wells: Results from the Pilot Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Water samples from 240 private wells in rural Illinois were collected over one year and analyzed for 39 agricultural chemicals. Sampling was conducted to provide preliminary information to refine a plan for a statewide survey of the agricultural chemical contamination of rural private wells. Wells were sampled according to a stratified random sampling plan that included four classes of depth lo the uppermost aquifer material and two classes of well type. Depth lo uppermost aquifer material was defined as the depth from ground surface to a geologic material that, if saturated, could he used as an aquifer.Occurrence, defined as the presence of one or more target analytes in a well water sample above some specified concentration, was shown to be higher in large-diameter bored or dug wells than in small-diameter drilled wells. For small-diameter wells, occurrence generally decreased as the depth to the uppermost aquifer material increased, In addition, depth to the uppermost aquifer material could be used to predict the occurrence of some individual agricultural chemicals, such as nitrate and atrazine, but could not be used to predict the occurrence of pielorarn or pesticides in small-diameter wells.Of the 39 target analytes, 10 were detected at concentrations exceeding their respective minimum reporting levels. Nitrate and atrazine were the only compounds found at concentrations exceeding their respective maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) or U.S. EPA lifetime health advisory limits (HAI.s).A nonparametric statistical technique, contingency table analysis, identified factors associated with the occurrence of agricultural chemicals in three of the file study areas. Elevated specific conductance (〉500 μmhos/cm) of the sampled water was strongly associated with the occurrence of agricultural chemicals. This association was common to all three study areas analyzed. Identification of the source of the specific conductance could help identify the dominant pathway for transport of agricultural chemicals to ground water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.1995.tb00512.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of the reaction zone in a 100 kW oil-burning furnace by use of a broad-band excimer laser (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 62 (1996), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 82.40.Py ; 35.80. + s
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The reaction zone in the hostile combustion environment of a 100 kW oil-burning furnace has been imaged by laser-induced fluorescence using a broad-band XeCl-excimer laser. Upon excitation, the averaged images obtained by using an interference filter around 320 nm (FWHM of 10 nm) show three distinct areas along the direction of the gas flow. An intense emission spreads around the spray axis and is attributed to the fluorescence of large hydrocarbons in the unburned fuel. Approximately 12 cm downstream of the nozzle, a narrow dark region is displayed suggesting the preheat zone of the combustion process where large hydrocarbons are considerably degraded. The third distinct region is characterized by a strong onset of the fluorescence intensity localized downstream of the dark region. This feature is strongly suppressed by replacing the interference filter by a broad-band transmission filter passing light from 350 to 500 nm. Since OH strongly absorbs at the laser wavelength and its fluorescence is significantly lower above 345 nm, the findings imply that the major contribution to the observed intensity in this region originates from the OH radical. This molecule reaches its maximum concentration immediately downstream of the flame front. However, a contribution from other flame species fluorescing around 320 nm cannot be ruled out. Nevertheless, the combined spatial and spectral information obtained imply that the reaction zone of the combustion process can be localized accurately. The results are compared with simultaneously performed numerical simulations of the burner and are in reasonable agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01081249
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical on intracellular calcium in human endothelial cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 162 (1995), S. 147-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis are thought to contribute to cell dysfunction in oxidative stress. The hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system (X-XO) mobilizes Ca2+ from intracellular stores and induces a marked rise in cytosolic calcium in different cell types. To identify the reactive O2 species involved in the disruption of calcium homeostasis by X-XO, we studied the effect of X-XO on [Ca2+]i by spectrofluorimetry with fura-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. The [Ca2+]i increase stimulated by 10 nmol H2O2/ml/min, generated from the glucose-glucose oxidase system, or 10 μM H2O2, given as bolus, was about a third of that induced by X-XO (10 nmol O2-/ml/min) but was comparable to that induced by X-XO in the presence of SOD. The X-XO - stimulated [Ca2+]i increase was significantly reduced by 100 μM o-phenanthroline, which inhibits the iron-catalysed formation of the hydroxyl radical. On the other hand, the [Ca2+]i response to low dose X-XO (1 nmol O2-/ml/min) was markedly enhanced in the presence of 1 μM H2O2, which itself had no effect on [Ca2+]i. More than 50% of this synergistic effect was prevented by o-phenanthroline. These results indicate that the effect of X-XO on calcium homeostasis appears to result from an interaction of O2- and H2O2, which could be explained by the formation of the hydroxyl radical. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041620118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of oxidative stress and Ca2+ agonists on molecular chaperones in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 16 (1995), S. 1205-1214 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Human umbilical vein endothelial cells ; Xanthine oxidase ; Glucose regulated protein ; Heat shock protein ; Stress protein expression ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Endothelial cell dysfunction is a key factor in oxidative stress-related pathology. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is thought to be responsible for much of the endothelial cell dysfunction in oxidative stress. The expression of molecular chaperones (MC), which stabilize protein structures in normal and in stress conditions, reflects the Ca2+ -dependent and -independent stress effects in the different cell compartments. By two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis, combined with immunoblotting or microsequencing, we have identified 12 major MC in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): (i) the endoplasmic reticulum-located MC GRP78, GRP94, protein disulfide isomerase, and calreticulin; (ii) the mitochondrial MC HSP65 and GRP75; and (iii) the cytosolic/nuclear MC HSP27, HSC70, HSP70, HSP90, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin. To differentiate oxidative stress- and Ca2+ -mediated effects, HUVEC were exposed to 1) xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine to generate oxidative stress, 2) ionomycin plus ethylene glycol-bis(β-aminoethylether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) to deplete intracellular Ca2+ stores, or 3) thrombin to increase cytosolic Ca2+. De novo protein synthesis after exposure was quantified by the incorporation of [35S]methionine. Image processing with the MELANIE system was used to create and compare the 2-D maps of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins under conditions 1)-3) with those of the controls. In a total of 24 2-D gels, 9 different MC were detected in at least 5 out 6 experimental replicates and were subjected to numeric analysis. The statistics showed a 〉 10% increase in GRP78 (p 〈 0.05), HSP27, cyclophilin, and ubiquitin after oxidative stress. Ionomycin plus EGTA influenced the expression of GRP78 (p 〈 0.01), cyclophilin, and ubiquitin in the same direction, but in addition increased GRP94 (p 〈 0.01) and calreticulin. Thrombin upregulated calreticulin (p 〈 0.05), HSC70, and cyclophilin. In conclusion, the computer analysis of MC expression on 2-D maps under different stress conditions reveals a differential correlation between the oxidative stress and the depletion of Ca2+ stores in HUVEC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.11501601201
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  • 10
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    Determination of the Chain Orientation in Liquid Crystalline Polymers by Means of Microfocus X-ray Scattering Measurements (1995)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-9297
    Electronic ISSN: 1520-5835
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society
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