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1

Digitale Medien

The visual ecology of Puerto Rican anoline lizards: habitat light and spectral sensitivity (1997)

Fleishman, L. J. ; Bowman, M. ; Saunders, D. ; [weitere]

Springer

Journal of comparative physiology 181 (1997), S. 446-460

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ISSN: 1432-1351

Schlagwort(e): Key words Vision ; Anolis ; Spectral sensitivity ; Visual ecology ; Lizard

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract The visual ecology of six closely related species of Puerto Rican anoline lizards was investigated and they were found to occupy four distinct habitat types in terms of light conditions: “full shade”, “partial shade”, “no shade”, and “forest canopy.”The habitats differed substantially in total radiance and irradiance as well as in the shape of the irradiance spectrum. The shape of the radiance spectrum was similar in all of the habitats. We used electroretinogram (ERG) flicker photometry to measure spectral sensitivity and found the curves for all six species to be similar. The spectral sensitivity peaked in the range 550–560 nm, which matched the peak in spectral radiance for all of the habitats. The shape of the spectral-sensitivity curve was similar to those of a number of other terrestrial vertebrates. We suggest that the convergence of the shape of the photopic ERG-determined spectral-sensitivity curve in many terrestrial vertebrates may, in part, be due to the fact that the background radiance of many terrestrial habitats is dominated by the reflectance spectrum of green vegetation which peaks at 550 nm.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050128

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2

Digitale Medien

Antimicrobial activity in the skin of the channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus: characterization of broad-spectrum histone-like antimicrobial proteins (1998)

Robinette, D. ; Wada, S. ; Arroll, T. ; [weitere]

Springer

Cellular and molecular life sciences 54 (1998), S. 467-475

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ISSN: 1420-9071

Schlagwort(e): Key words. Antimicrobial proteins; catfish; non-specific immunity; histones.

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract. Three antibacterial proteins were isolated from acid extracts of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) skin by cation exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The molecular masses of the proteins were 15.5, 15.5 and 30 kD as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mass spectrometry, amino acid composition and amino acid sequence data suggest that the most abundant protein is closely related to histone H2B. The H2B-like protein was inhibitory to Aeromonas hydrophila and Saprolegnia spp., which are important bacterial and fungal pathogens of fish. These findings suggest that histones may be important defensive molecules in fish.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000180050175

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3

Digitale Medien

Linear-space algorithms that build local alignments from fragments (1995)

Chao, Kun -Mao ; Miller, W.

Springer

Algorithmica 13 (1995), S. 106-134

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ISSN: 1432-0541

Schlagwort(e): Sequence comparison ; Local alignment ; Dynamic programming ; Candidate-list paradigm ; Linear-space algorithm

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik , Mathematik

Notizen: Abstract This paper presents practical algorithms for building an alignment of two long sequences from a collection of “alignment fragments,” such as all occurrences of identical 5-tuples in each of two DNA sequences. We first combine a time-efficient algorithm developed by Galil and coworkers with a space-saving approach of Hirschberg to obtain a local alignment algorithm that uses0((M+N+F logN) logM) time and0(M+N) space to align sequences of lengthsM andN from a pool of F alignment fragments. Ideas of Huang and Miller are then employed to develop a time- and space-efficient algorithm that computesn best nonintersecting alignments for anyn〉1. An example illustrates the utility of these methods.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01188583

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4

Digitale Medien

Nested insertions of short mobile sequences in Drosophila P elements (1998)

Hagemann, S. ; Miller, W. J. ; Haring, E. ; [weitere]

Springer

Chromosoma 107 (1998), S. 6-16

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ISSN: 1432-0886

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin

Notizen: Abstract. A potentially full-sized P element isolated from the genome of Drosophila ambigua by polymerase chain reaction amplification was completely sequenced. It has a length of 3329 bp and the termini are formed by 33 bp inverted repeats. Sequence comparisons show that it can be classified as a member of the T-type P element subfamily. The translational reading frames of all four exons are interrupted by stop codons and frameshift mutations. At the 3′ end of exon 3 a 687 bp insertion sequence (IS-amb-P) is found that also occurs in the form of dispersed copies (IS-amb) in the genome in D. ambigua. At the interspecific level it shows homology to mobile sequences of other species of the obscura group. Although variable in length, these IS elements are characterized by conserved sections without coding function and by 14 bp inverted repeats, one at a terminal, the other at a subterminal position. In situ hybridization revealed that P elements in D. ambigua are restricted to only two euchromatic sites on chromosome elements A and E. This situation resembles that found in Drosophila guanche and Drosophila subobscura where P homologs are clustered at a single site on chromosome element E and where the section corresponding to exon 3 of P elements carries an IS element. The gene sik-hom, which is located at the 5′ side of the D. guanche cluster of P homologs, was used as a marker to examine whether the P element sites on chromosome element E of D. guanche and D. ambigua are homologous. The results suggest that the nested insertions of IS elements into P elements must have occurred independently in the two different lineages.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004120050277

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5

Digitale Medien

Antitrust Enforcement and Nonenforcement as a Barrier to Imports – with Illustrations from the Japanese Film Dispute (1997)

Baker, Donald I. ; Miller, W. Todd

Springer

Empirica 24 (1997), S. 83-108

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ISSN: 1573-6911

Schlagwort(e): antitrust enforcement ; antitrust laws ; market access

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften

Notizen: Abstract The role of antitrust in opening foreign markets to imports is a strong yet often unpredictable undercurrent in international trade disputes. The U.S. government may seek to protect its exporters who are denied access to a foreign market either by enforcing U.S. antitrust laws or by using trade law remedies against the importing country for not enforcing its antitrust laws. Both actions raise issues of extraterritorial jurisdiction and comity. The primary goals of antitrust law and trade law are sometimes complementary but often diverge. Antitrust is primarily intended to benefit consumer welfare, while the purpose of trade law is to gain access to foreign markets for the benefit of domestic enterprises and their workforces. Consequently foreign market access pursued under antitrust law can raise novel issues when there is no apparent injury to domestic consumer welfare suffers from too little competition, whereas trade law pursue market access strictly as principles of fairness that have no necessary relationship with consumer welfare anywhere. This paper examines two aspects of antitrust law – (1) non-enforcement by the importing country, and (2) enforcement of U.S. law to compel access to the foreign market – and discusses the current dispute between Eastman Kodak Co. and Fujji Photo Film Co. as an illustration of the issues introduced above.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006826214371

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6

Digitale Medien

Permissible Concentrations of Arsenic and Lead in Soils Based on Risk Assessment (1999)

Dudka, S. ; Miller, W. P.

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 113 (1999), S. 127-132

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Schlagwort(e): arsenic ; lead ; risk assessment ; soil contamination

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Energietechnik

Notizen: Abstract Establishing permissible concentrations for As and Pb in soils is of practical importance because of toxicity of these metals, their widespread contamination, and limited resources available for remediation of contaminated soils. The USEPA pathway approach to risk assessment was used to assess an environmental hazard related to As and Pb in soils and to evaluate safe concentrations of these metals in contaminated soil. The results from large-scale field experiments with soil fly ash-biosolids blends were used as input data to analyze pathways of the most intense transfer of the contaminants to a target organism. A direct soil ingestion by children (the soil-human pathway) was considered the most important exposure route to soil As and Pb. A conservative risk analysis shows that As concentrations in soil can reach 40 μg g-1 without a hazard to exposed organisms. A Pb concentration in soil up to 300 μg g-1 does not cause an excessive intake of Pb by humans as evaluated by a direct soil ingestion exposure model.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005028905396

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7

Digitale Medien

An efficient tree architecture for modulo 2 n +1 multiplication (1996)

Wang, Zhongde ; Jullien, G. A. ; Miller, W. C.

Springer

The journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image, and video technology 14 (1996), S. 241-248

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ISSN: 1573-109X

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik

Notizen: Abstract Modulo 2 n +1 multiplication plays an important role in the Fermat number transform and residue number systems; the diminished-1 representation of numbers has been found most suitable for representing the elements of the rings. Existing algorithms for modulo (2 n +1) multiplication either use recursive modulo (2 n +1) addition, or a regular binary multiplication integrated with the modulo reduction operation. Although most often adopted for largen, this latter approach requires conversions between the diminished-1 and binary representations. In this paper we propose a parallel fine-grained architecture, based on a Wallace tree, for modulo (2 n +1) multiplication which does not require any conversions; the use of a Wallace tree considerably improves the speed of the multiplier. This new architecture exhibits an extremely modular structure with associated VLSI implementation advantages. The critical path delay and the hardware requirements of the new multiplier are similar to that of a correspondingn×n bit binary multiplier.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00929618

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8

Digitale Medien

Population balance model of in vivo neutrophil formation following bone marrow rescue therapy (1998)

Nielsen, L. K. ; Bender, J. G. ; Miller, W. M. ; [weitere]

Springer

Cytotechnology 28 (1998), S. 157-162

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ISSN: 1573-0778

Schlagwort(e): bone marrow rescue therapy ; ex vivo expansion ; in vivo model ; neutropenia

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung

Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we develop a simple four parameter population balance model of in vivo neutrophil formation following bone marrow rescue therapy. The model is used to predict the number and type of neutrophil progenitors required to abrogate the period of severe neutropenia that normally follows a bone marrow transplant. The estimated total number of 5 billion neutrophil progenitors is consistent with the value extrapolated from a human trial. The model provides a basis for designing ex vivo expansion protocols.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008098118491

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