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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 1999-04-24
    Description: The lack of an adequate hominid fossil record in eastern Africa between 2 and 3 million years ago (Ma) has hampered investigations of early hominid phylogeny. Discovery of 2.5 Ma hominid cranial and dental remains from the Hata beds of Ethiopia's Middle Awash allows recognition of a new species of Australopithecus. This species is descended from Australopithecus afarensis and is a candidate ancestor for early Homo. Contemporary postcranial remains feature a derived humanlike humeral/femoral ratio and an apelike upper arm-to-lower arm ratio.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Asfaw, B -- White, T -- Lovejoy, O -- Latimer, B -- Simpson, S -- Suwa, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Apr 23;284(5414):629-35.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rift Valley Research Service, Post Office Box 5717, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10213683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Evolution ; Bones of Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology ; Dentition ; Ethiopia ; *Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Hominidae/anatomy & histology/*classification ; Humans ; Leg Bones/anatomy & histology ; Paleodontology ; Phylogeny ; Skull/anatomy & histology ; Terminology as Topic ; Tooth/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1999-10-26
    Description: The discovery of a Middle to Late Triassic ( approximately 225 to 230 million years old) terrestrial vertebrate fauna from Madagascar is reported. This fauna documents a temporal interval not well represented by continental vertebrate assemblages elsewhere in the world. It contains two new prosauropod dinosaurs, representing some of the earliest dinosaur occurrences known globally. This assemblage provides information about the poorly understood transition to the dinosaur-dominated faunas of the latest Triassic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Flynn -- Parrish -- Rakotosamimanana -- Simpson -- Whatley -- Wyss -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Oct 22;286(5440):763-765.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Geology, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL 60605, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA. Departement de Paleontologie et d'Anthropologie Biologique, Universite d'Antananarivo, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. Department of Geology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10531059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1998-04-16
    Description: The lymphokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) is responsible for autocrine cell cycle progression and regulation of immune responses. Uncontrolled secretion of IL-2 results in adverse reactions ranging from anergy, to aberrant T cell activation, to autoimmunity. With the use of fluorescent in situ hybridization and single-cell polymerase chain reaction in cells with different IL-2 alleles, IL-2 expression in mature thymocytes and T cells was found to be tightly controlled by monoallelic expression. Because IL-2 is encoded at a nonimprinted autosomal locus, this result represents an unusual regulatory mode for controlling the precise expression of a single gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hollander, G A -- Zuklys, S -- Morel, C -- Mizoguchi, E -- Mobisson, K -- Simpson, S -- Terhorst, C -- Wishart, W -- Golan, D E -- Bhan, A K -- Burakoff, S J -- P01 CA39542-09/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI17258-18/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK47677/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2118-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Pediatric Immunology, Department of Research and Children's Hospital, Basel University Medical School, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9516115" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alleles ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; DNA Replication ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Heterozygote ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Muridae ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; S Phase ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-11-30
    Description: Effects of small population size and reduced genetic variation on the viability of wild animal populations remain controversial. During a 35-year study of a remnant population of greater prairie chickens, population size decreased from 2000 individuals in 1962 to fewer than 50 by 1994. Concurrently, both fitness, as measured by fertility and hatching rates of eggs, and genetic diversity declined significantly. Conservation measures initiated in 1992 with translocations of birds from large, genetically diverse populations restored egg viability. Thus, sufficient genetic resources appear to be critical for maintaining populations of greater prairie chickens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Westemeier -- Brawn -- Simpson -- Esker -- Jansen -- Walk -- Kershner -- Bouzat -- Paige -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Nov 27;282(5394):1695-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉R. L. Westemeier, Illinois Natural History Survey, Effingham, IL 62401, USA. J. D. Brawn, Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. S. A. Simpson and T. L. Esker, Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Newton, IL 62448, USA. R. W.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9831558" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1996-06-14
    Description: A bistatic radar experiment in 1994, involving reception on Earth of a specularly reflected, linearly polarized 13-centimeter-wavelength signal transmitted from the Magellan spacecraft in orbit around Venus, has established that the surface materials viewed at low and intermediate altitudes on Venus have a relative dielectric permittivity of 4.0 ± 0.5. However, bistatic results for the Maxwell Montes highlands imply an electrically lossy surface with an imaginary dielectric permittivity of -i 100 ± 50, probably associated with a specific conductivity of about 13 mhos per meter. Candidates for highlands surface composition include ferroelectrics, a thin frost of elemental tellurium, or a plating of magnetite or pyrites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pettengill -- Ford -- Simpson -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Jun 14;272(5268):1628-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉G. H. Pettengill and P. G. Ford, Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. R. A. Simpson, Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8662473" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1995-05-19
    Description: Observations of galactic cosmic radiation and anomalous component nuclei with charged particle sensors on the Ulysses spacecraft showed that heliospheric magnetic field structure over the south solar pole does not permit substantially more direct access to the local interstellar cosmic ray spectrum than is possible in the equatorial zone. Fluxes of galactic cosmic rays and the anomalous component increased as a result of latitude gradients by less than 50% from the equator to -80 degrees . Thus, the modulated cosmic ray nucleon, electron, and anomalous component fluxes are nearly spherically symmetric in the inner solar system. The cosmic rays and the anomalous nuclear component underwent a continuous, -26 day recurrent modulation to -80.2 degrees , whereas all recurring magnetic field compressions and recurring streams in the solar wind disappeared above approximately 55 degrees S latitude.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, J A -- Connell, J J -- Lopate, C -- McKibben, R B -- Zhang, M -- Anglin, J D -- Ferrando, P -- Rastoin, C -- Raviart, A -- Heber, B -- Muiller-Meliin, R -- Kunow, H -- Sierks, H -- Wibberenz, G -- Bothmer, V -- Marsden, R G -- Sanderson, T R -- Trattner, K J -- Wenzel, K P -- Paizis, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 May 19;268(5213):1019-23.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17774228" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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