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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discovery of an Orally Bioavailable NK1 Receptor Antagonist, (2S,3S)-(2-Methoxy-5-tetrazol-1-ylbenzyl)(2-phenylpiperidin-3-yl)amine (GR203040), with Potent Antiemetic Activity (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 38 (1995), S. 4985-4992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00026a005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modular structure of the Rhizobium meliloti DctB protein (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 139 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To investigate the modular structure of the Rhizobium meliloti dicarboxylic acid sensor protein, DctB, three truncated DctB proteins (DctB4, DctB5 and DctB4G) were constructed, overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. The DctB4G protein was composed of 446 amino acids of the DctB C-terminus and displayed strong autophosphorylation activity in vitro. This activity was sustained when a further 120 amino acids at the N-terminus of the polypeptide were deleted (DctB5). This protein which has an intact transmitter domain exhibits specific but inefficient phospho-transfer capabilities. Removal of 58 amino acids from the DctB4G C-terminus which included blocks F and G2 of the transmitter domain, rendered the resultant protein (DctB4) incompetent in autophosphorylation. Phosphorylation activity was restored to DctB4 through intramolecular complementation with DctB. Therefore, it would appear that the R. meliloti DctB protein is active as a dimer (or higher order oligomer). Furthermore, the intramolecular complementation experiments indicate that the amino acids 171–291, a predicted periplasmic stretch, play an important role in the dimerization process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb08174.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal transduction in the Rhizobium meliloti dicarboxylic acid transport system (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 126 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The gene products of the Rhizobium meliloti dctB and dctD genes, which control the expression of the C4-dicarboxylic acid transporter DctA, were overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified sensor protein, DctB, was shown to have autophosphorylation activity in vitro and could subsequently phosphorylate the transcriptional activator, DctD. The presence of C4-dicarboxylic acids did not affect either reaction. In vitro experiments aimed at investigating ‘crosstalk’ between cognate components demonstrated that the phospho-transfer activity was specific between DctB and DctD. Studies on truncated versions of the DctB protein in vitro revealed that the cytoplasmic domain of DctB had strong autophosphorylation activity. Data from gel retardation experiments demonstrated that once the activator protein, DctD, was phosphorylated it had increased affinity for binding to the dctA promoter DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07385.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    15N natural abundances and N use by tundra plants (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 107 (1996), S. 386-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Arctic ; 15N abundance ; N cycle ; Nitrate reductase ; Tundra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant species collected from tundra ecosystems located along a north-south transect from central Alaska to the north coast of Alaska showed large and consistent differences in 15N natural abundances. Foliar δ15N values varied by about 10% among species within each of two moist tussock tundra sites. Differences in 15N contents among species or plant groups were consistent across moist tussock tundra at several other sites and across five other tundra types at a single site. Ericaceous species had the lowest δ15N values, ranging between about −8 to −6‰. Foliar 15N contents increased progressively in birch, willows and sedges to maximum δ15N values of about +2‰ in sedges. Soil 15N contents in tundra ecosystems at our two most intensively studied sites increased with depth and δ15N values were usually higher for soils than for plants. Isotopic fractionations during soil N transformations and possibly during plant N uptake could lead to observed differences in 15N contents among plant species and between plants and soils. Patterns of variation in 15N content among species indicate that tundra plants acquire nitrogen in extremely nutrient-poor environments by competitive partitioning of the overall N pool. Differences in plant N sources, rooting depth, mycorrhizal associations, forms of N taken up, and other factors controlling plant N uptake are possible causes of variations in δ15N values of tundra plant species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328456
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of drainage and temperature on carbon balance of tussock tundra micrososms (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 108 (1996), S. 737-748 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Tussock tundra ; Net CO2 balance ; Eriophorum vaginatum ; Climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the importance of temperature (7°C or 15°C) and soil moisture regime (saturated or field capacity) on the carbon (C) balance of arctic tussock tundra microcosms (intact blocks of soil and vegetation) in growth chambers over an 81-day simulated growing season. We measured gaseous CO2 exchanges, methane (CH4) emissions, and dissolved C losses on intact blocks of tussock (Eriophorum vaginatum) and intertussock (moss-dominated). We hypothesized that under increased temperature and/or enhanced drainage, C losses from ecosystem respiration (CO2 respired by plants and heterotrophs) would exceed gains from gross photosynthesis causing tussock tundra to become a net source of C to the atmosphere. The field capacity moisture regime caused a decrease in net CO2 storage (NEP) in tussock tundra micrososms. This resulted from a stimulation of ecosystem respiration (probably mostly microbial) with enhanced drainage, rather than a decrease in gross photosynthesis. Elevated temperature alone had no effect on NEP because CO2 losses from increased ecosystem respiration at elevated temperature were compensated by increased CO2 uptake (gross photosynthesis). Although CO2 losses from ecosystem respiration were primarily limited by drainage, CH4 emissions, in contrast, were dependent on temperature. Furthermore, substantial dissolved C losses, especially organic C, and important microhabitat differences must be considered in estimating C balance for the tussock tundra system. As much as ∼ 20% of total C fixed in photosynthesis was lost as dissolved organic C. Tussocks stored ∼ 2x more C and emitted 5x more methane than intertussocks. In spite of the limitations of this microcosm experiment, this study has further elucidated the critical role of soil moisture regime and dissolved C losses in regulating net C balance of arctic tussock tundra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00329050
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, Thermopower and Magnetic Properties of Mercury Deficient Hg-1201 (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 113-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: Hg-1201 ; susceptibility ; thermopower
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Samples of Hg-1201 have been synthesized using the sealed-tube precursor-reactant method. The samples are mercury deficient, with the deficiency related to the ratio of precursor to reactant mass in the tube. The Curie constant in the normal state is found to evolve systematically with mercury content in a way that suggests a combination of structural mercury vacancies and phase segregation. Thermopower measurements are presented for samples over a range of doping levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022618920941
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Affine-Invariant Distances, Envelopes and Symmetry Sets (1998)
    Springer
    Geometriae dedicata 71 (1998), S. 237-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9168
    Keywords: symmetry set ; affine invariance ; skew symmetry ; singularities ; dual map ; affine invariant distance ; conics.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Affine invariant symmetry sets of planar curves are introduced and studied in this paper. Two different approaches are investigated. The first one is based on affine invariant distances, and defines the symmetry set as the closure of the locus of points on (at least) two affine normals and affine-equidistant from the corresponding points on the curve. The second approach is based on affine bitangent conics. In this case the symmetry set is defined as the closure of the locus of centers of conics with (at least) 3-point contact with the curve at two or more distinct points on the curve. This is equivalent to conic and curve having, at those points, the same affine tangent, or the same Euclidean tangent and curvature. Although the two analogous definitions for the classical Euclidean symmetry set are equivalent, this is not the case for the affine group. We present a number of properties of both affine symmetry sets, showing their similarities with and differences from the Euclidean case. We conclude the paper with a discussion of possible extensions to higher dimensions and other transformation groups, as well as to invariant Voronoi diagrams.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005099011913
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromone of Palm Weevil, Dynamis borassi (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 2287-2297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromone ; Bursaphelenchus cocophilus ; coconut ; Cocos nucifera ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Dynamis borassi ; 4-methyl-5-nonanol ; palm weevils ; red ring disease ; red ring nematode
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract 4-Methyl-5-nonanol (1) is the male-produced aggregation pheromone of the palm weevil, Dynamis borassi (F.) from Colombia. The pheromone was identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of male- and female-produced volatiles, and comparative GC–mass spectrometry (MS) of weevil-produced 1. In field experiments in Colombia, traps baited with a stereoisomeric mixture of synthetic 1 (3 mg/day) plus sugarcane captured more weevils than traps baited with 1 or sugarcane alone, suggesting that pheromone and plant volatiles are synergistically attractive. Use of a chiral, stereoisomer-separating Cyclodex-B column in GC-EAD and GC-MS analyses revealed that D. borassi males produce, and antennae of males and females respond to (4S,5S)-1. Previously identified palm weevil (Rhynchophorus spp.) aggregation pheromones 5-methyl-4-octanol (cruentol) and 6-methyl-2-hepten-4-ol (rhynchophorol) also elicited antennal responses by D. borassi. In field experiments, D. borassi females were captured equally well in traps baited with sugarcane plus either 1, cruentol or rhynchophorol. In contrast, D. borassi males were captured most often in traps baited with sugarcane plus 1. Because D. borassi is a potential vector of the red ring nematode that causes the lethal red ring disease of palms, pheromone-based trapping of D. borassi could aid in monitoring or management of red ring disease in commercial palm plantations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006674.64858.f2
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of semiochemical-based trapping ofMetamasius hemipterus sericeus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 1389-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Aggregation pheromones ; attraction ; banana ; Canary Island date palm ; ethyl acetate ; kairomones ; monitoring ; Phoenix canariensis ; West Indian sugarcane weevil ; sugarcane ; trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Response of adults of the West Indian sugarcane weevil,Metamasius hemipterus sericeus, to various semiochemical treatments and physical trap designs was studied in southern Florida in field-grown banana and Canary Island date palms. Ethyl acetate released alone at 860–1007 mg/day was as effective for the capture ofM. h. sericeus as a combination of ethyl acetate (844–919 mg/day), ethyl propionate (348–362 mg/day), and ethyl butyrate (117–137 mg/day) and in one trial was more effective than fermenting sugarcane (250 g), ethyl propionate alone (353–384 mg/day), ethyl butyrate alone (123–174 mg/day), or no treatment. Ethyl acetate released alone at 675–683 mg/day was as attractive as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane or the racemic blend of the male-produced aggregation pheromones [(±)-5-methyl-nonan-4-ol and (±)-2-methyl-heptan-4-ol (8:1 ratio) “metalure”] at 3 mg/day. Weevil counts increased with binary combinations of ethyl acetate, sugarcane, and/or metalure over these treatments alone and the ternary combination was two to three times more effective than any of the binary treatments. Attraction to ethyl acetate released alone at 777 mg/day with metalure was greater than to the hydrolysis products of ethyl acetate (ethanol and/or acetic acid each released at about 6–8 mg/day) with metalure. Weevil counts from traps baited with 250 g of sugarcane and metalure increased with increasing dose of ethyl acetate to about 400 mg/day and then appeared to plateau. Ethyl acetate (about 700 mg/day) and metalure increased weevil counts in traps with increasing amounts of sugarcane (0–2 kg). Molasses (45 g) + water (158 ml) substitutes for sugarcane were about as effective for capturingM. h. sericeus as 250 g of fermenting sugarcane [all treatments with ethyl acetate (847 mg/day) and metalure]. Early experiments used a lethal pitfall trap. We demonstrated that several alternative trap designs were more effective than the lethal pitfall trap for capturing weevils. Color and height (on ground vs. 1 m on pole) did not affect trap efficacy when baited with the ternary combination of ethyl acetate (672–825 mg/day), sugarcane (250 g), and metalure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027720
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromones and Host Kairomones of West Indian Sugarcane Weevil, Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 869-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Metamasius hemipterus sericeus ; aggregation pheromones ; pheromone chirality ; (4S, 5S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol ; 2-methyl-4-heptanol ; sugarcane ; ethyl acetate ; ethyl propionate ; ethyl butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) of volatiles produced by male and female West Indian sugarcane weevils (WISW), Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliv.), revealed eight male specific, EAD-active compounds: 3-pentanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 4-methyl-5-nonanol (4), and the corresponding ketones. In field experiments in Florida, alcohols 1–4 in combination with sugarcane were most attractive, whereas addition of the ketones or replacement of alcohols with ketones significantly reduced attraction. In Costa Rica field experiments testing alcohols 1–4 singly and in all binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations revealed 4 in combination with 2 was the major aggregation pheromone, equally attracting male and female WISW. Stereoisomeric 4 and (4S,5S)-4, the only isomer produced by WISW, were equally attractive. Addition of 4S-, 4R- or (±)-2 to (4S,5S)-4 significantly enhanced attraction. Sugarcane stalks in combination with 2 plus 4 (ratio of 1:8) were highly synergistic, whereas EAD-active sugarcane volatiles ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or ethyl butyrate only moderately increased attractiveness of the pheromone lure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006377.13235.4b
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