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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new surface science in situ transmission and reflection electron microscope (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 440-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We describe an ultrahigh vacuum instrument for transmission electron microscopy and reflection electron microscopy for the study of surfaces and thin film growth. The focus of previous experiments was on the high spatial resolution (〈3 Å) generally associated with microscopy, at the cost of controlled growth and characterization. We have taken a different approach. It has been shown that most experiments using diffraction and diffraction contrast imaging can be performed well at poorer resolution (∼20 Å), including the imaging of monatomic steps and monolayer coverages. The instrument is designed for best control of growth and vacuum, with sacrifices in optical resolution, which is theoretically ∼2 nm. The instrument is called SHEBA (surface high-energy electron beam apparatus). We can examine a ∼1 cm2 sample in both transmission electron microscopy and reflection electron microscopy, in situ with well-controlled molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth capabilities, well characterized vacuum, and surface characterization by Auger spectroscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. Preliminary experiments of cobalt on silicon have shown MBE growth rates ranging from 1.5 monolayers per hour to 18.3 monolayers per hour depending on the temperature of the evaporation source. Using SHEBA for a reactive MBE experiment has provided the first direct evidence of the formation of aluminum nitride by nitridation of basal plane sapphire. The most serious design problems were stray magnetic fields and mechanical vibrations. These have been overcome and allow a spatial resolution of 〈10 nm. The instrument is expected to be very valuable in studies of film growth. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148679
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of soil moisture on the competitive ability and seed dormancy of Sinapis arvensis in spring wheat (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Weed research 39 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3180
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Two experiments were carried out, one in 1995 and one in 1997, to investigate the competitive abilities of two spring wheat cultivars with Sinapis arvensis L. The spring wheat cultivars (Baldus and Canon) of contrasting growth habit were grown with and without S. arvensis under two different moisture regimes (10% and 70% of field capacity). In 1995, S. arvensis was found to be less competitive when subjected to moisture stress, resulting in smaller wheat yield losses in dry soil than in moist soil. In both years, seed production of S. arvensis was reduced by competition and moisture stress, and the seeds produced by plants that had been grown in drier soil were small and had negligible dormancy. Hence, in dry conditions, the competitiveness of S. arvensis and its potential to produce persistent seed may be reduced. Some differences between the two wheat cultivars were evident: cv. Baldus was more competitive against S. arvensis than cv. Canon. This could be attributed to differences in canopy structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.1999.00147.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlorine Dioxide Treatment of Seafoods to Reduce Bacterial Loads (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 64 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various seafoods were treated with fresh chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solutions (20, 40, 100, and 200 ppm total available ClO2) in 3.5% brine for 5 min, and bacterial loads and sensory quality were evaluated after 0, 3, and 7 d storage on ice. The ClO2 treated groups at each time period had lower bacterial counts than nontreated and brine-treated groups. The differences in bacterial counts were significant, especially for groups treated with 100 and 200 ppm ClO2. Treated ClO2 solutions contained very low or no bacterial loads. Treated red grouper and salmon with 100 or 200 ppm ClO2 developed skin discoloration (lighter color) and a chocolate color in the gills.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb12288.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types in class set theory and inaccessible cardinals (1996)
    Springer
    Archive for mathematical logic 35 (1996), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper I prove the following theorems which are the converses of some results of Judah and Laver (1983) and of Judah and Marshall (1993). – If $KM + ATW$ is not an extension by definition of $KM$ (and the model involved is well founded), then the existence of two inaccessible cardinals is consistent with ZF. – If $KM + ATW$ is not a conservative extension of $KM$ (and the model involved is well founded), then the existence of an inaccessible number of inaccessible cardinals is consistent with ZF. where $KM$ is Kelley Morse theory and $KM + ATW$ is $KM$ with types of well-orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268615
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rank in set theory without foundation (1999)
    Springer
    Archive for mathematical logic 38 (1999), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0665
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We prove that it is not possible to define an appropriate notion of rank in set theories without the axiom of foundation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001530050133
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Types in class set theory and inaccessible cardinals (1996)
    Springer
    Archive for mathematical logic 35 (1996), S. 145-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0665
    Keywords: 03E70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this paper I prove the following theorems which are the converses of some results of Judah and Laver (1983) and of Judah and Marshall (1993). -IfKM+ATW is not an extension by definition ofKM (and the model involved is well founded), then the existence of two inaccessible cardinals is consistent with ZF. -IfKM+ATW is not a conservative extension ofKM (and the model involved is well founded), then the existence of an inaccessible number of inaccessible cardinals is consistent with ZF. whereKM is Kelley Morse theory andKM+ATW isKM with types of well-orders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01268615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Prostaglandin Synthesis Leads to a Change in Adherence of Mouse Osteoclasts from Bone to Periosteum (1996)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 59 (1996), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Osteoclast — Differentiation — Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase — Down-regulation — Prostaglandins.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. When mouse parietal bones were incubated for 1 day in medium containing indomethacin (Ind), the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts (TRAP+OC) counted on the bone surface was drastically reduced. This reduction did not occur with calcitonin or if the endocranial membrane (periosteum) was removed prior to incubation with Ind. The aim of this work was to determine the mechanism involved. TRAP+OC were found to be increased on the endocranial membrane adjacent to the resorbing surface after Ind treatment, compared with cultures supplemented with parathyroid hormone (PTH) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). However, this increase accounted for only half of those lost from the bone surface. TRAP negative osteoclasts were also seen on the membrane and, to a lesser extent, on the bone. Increased TRAP specific activity could be extracted from the endocranial membranes of bones incubated with Ind compared with PGE2 controls. When bones that had been exposed to Ind were then cultured for 1 day in PGE2, an increase in TRAP+OC occurred. This increase was blocked by the removal of the endocranial membrane prior to incubation with PGE2. We conclude that when prostaglandin production ceases, TRAP+OC become less adherent to bone and more adherent to the endocranial membrane. Stimulators of bone resorption appear to reverse this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900110
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclasts on neonatal mouse parietal bones is decreased when prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited and increased in response to prostaglandin E2, parathyroid hormone, and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 56 (1995), S. 240-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Differentiation ; Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ; Prostaglandins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The culture of parietal bones from 4-day old mice in indomethacin (Ind) for 1 day caused a large reduction in the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclasts (TRAP+OC) relative to both control bones and to freshly isolated bones. This reduction did not occur if prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was present. When 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BDU) was injected into 4-day old mice, newly formed TRAP+OC nuclei became labeled 1 day later; these bones were then cultured with Ind for 1 day. TRAP+OC and newly labeled TRAP+OC nuclei were commensurately decreased in number. This suggests an active down-regulation rather than merely the inhibition of new TRAP+OC formation. Incubation of bones with Ind and either PGE2, parathyroid hormone, or 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 for 6 hours following a 1-day preincubation in Ind, resulted in an increase in TRAP+OC compared with Ind alone. Using BDU labeling in vitro and in vivo, we show that this increase in number of TRAP+OC is not the result of cell proliferation, but rather differentiation of postmitotic precursors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00298618
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential impact of strip-type businesses on other small businesses (1996)
    Springer
    International advances in economic research 2 (1996), S. 96-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-966X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02295170
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of β-cyclodextrin sulfates by preparative gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis and electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2677-2681 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Cyclodextrin sulfate ; Glycosaminoglycan ; Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Electrospray ionization ; Mass spectrometry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A β-cyclodextrin sulfate mixture has been fractionated using discontinuous gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Semidry electrotransfer of the sample onto a positively charged nylon membrane and visualization of a portion of this membrane with Alcian blue stain showed multiple bands. The bands were cut from the remaining portion of the membrane and after washing with 8 M urea, the β-cyclodextrin sulfate fractions were eluted with 2 M sodium chloride and dialyzed. Analysis of each fraction using high resolution analytical gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as well as capillary electrophoresis, using indirect detection, showed some of the fractions to be pure while others were mixtures. Each β-cyclodextrin sulfate fraction was complexed with a basic synthetic peptide and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to define the mass of the components in each mixture and thereby to determine the purity of each sample.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191517
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