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The fossil record : a symposium with documentation (1967)

Harland, Walter B. [HerausgeberIn] ; Holland, Charles Hepworth [HerausgeberIn] ; House, Michael R. [HerausgeberIn] ; [et al.]

London : Geological Society of London

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Call number: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 (e-book)

In: Special publications / the Geological Society, London, Volume 2

Type of Medium: 12

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (XI, 827 Seiten)

Series Statement: Special publications / the Geological Society, London 2

URL: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01

DOI: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01

Language: English

Note: Table of Contents Introduction Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 1-11, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 The symposium meeting Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 13-14, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.02 Part I: Symposium Papers Introduction to Part I Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 15-16, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.03 Life in Pre-Cambrian and early Cambrian times John Watson Cowie Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 17-35, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.04 The significance of certain trace-fossil ranges Roland Goldring Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 37-39, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.05 Fluctuations in the evolution of Palaeozoic intertebrates Michael Robert House Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 41-54, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.06 The origins of some Silurian enteletacean brachiopods Victor Gordon Walmsley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 55-56, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.07 Permo-Triassic extinction Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 57-76, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.08 Changes in terrestrial vertebrate faunas during the Mesozoic C. B. Cox Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 77-89, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.09 Some Cretaceous-Tertiary marine faunal changes John Michael Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 91-104, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.10 Major features of the evolution of echinoids Graeme Maxwell Philip Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 105-106, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.11 Plant-insect relationships in Palaeozoic and later time Norman Francis Hughes and John Smart Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 107-117, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.12 Biochemical evolution and the fossil record Lambert Beverly Halstead Tarlo Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 119-132, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.13 Fossil birds and their adaptive radiation James Fisher Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 133-154, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.14 General Discussion Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 155-156, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.15 Part II: Documentation of the Fossil Record Introduction to Part II Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 158-159, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.16 Plantae Plantae N. F. H. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 162, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.17 Chapter 1 Thallophyta—1 H. P. Banks, K. I. M. Chesters, N. F. Hughes, G. A. L. Johnson, H. M. Johnson and L. R. Moore Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 163-180, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.18 Chapter 2 Thallophyta—2 M. Black, C. Downie, R. Ross and W. A. S. Sarjeant Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 181-209, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.19 Chapter 3 Bryophyta and Charophyta* L. J. Grambast and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 211-217, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.20 Chapter 4 Pteridophyta—1 H. P. Banks, W. G. Chaloner and W. S. Lacey Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 219-231, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.21 Chapter 5 Pteridophyta—2 H. P. Banks, M. G. Collett, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 233-245, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.22 Chapter 6 Gymnospermophyta K.L. Alvin, P. D. W. Barnard, T.M. Harris, N. F. Hughes, R. H. Wagner and A. Wesley Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 247-268, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.23 Chapter 7 Angiospermae K. I. M. Chesters, F. R. Gnauck and N. F. Hughes Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 269-288, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.24 Invertebrata Invertebrata M. J. S. R. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 290, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.25 Chapter 8 Protozoa F. T. Banner, W. J. Clarke, J. L. Cutbill, F. E. Eames, A. J. Lloyd, W. R. Riedel and A. H. Smout Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 291-332, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.26 Chapter 9 Porifera and Archaeocyatha R. M. Finks and D. Hill Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 333-345, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.27 Chapter 10 Coelenterata G. A. L. Johnson, I. D. Sutton, F. M. Taylor and G. Thomas Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 347-378, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.28 Chapter 11 Bryozoa G. P. Larwood, A. W. Medd, D. E. Owen and R. Tavener-Smith Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 379-395, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.29 Chapter 12 Brachiopoda D. V. Ager, P. Copper, G. M. Dunlop, G. F. Elliott, F. A. Middlemiss, A. J. Rowell, A. Williams and A. D. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 397-421, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.30 Chapter 13 Mollusca: Amphineura, Monoplacophora and Gastropoda D. Curry and N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 423-430, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.31 Chapter 14 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) C.H. Holland Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 431-443, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.32 Chapter 15 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea) D. T. Donovan, F. Hodson, M. K. Howarth, M. R. House, E. T. Tozer and C. W. Wright Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 445-460, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.33 Chapter 16 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea) D. T. Donovan and J. M. Hancock Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 461-467, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.34 Chapter 17 Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Bivalvia N. J. Morris Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 469-477, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.35 Chapter 18 Arthropoda: Protarthropoda and Trilobitomorpha J. W. Cowie, W. T. Dean, R. Goldring, W. D. I. Rolfe, A. W. A. Rushton, J. T. Temple and R. P. Tripp Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2, 479-497, 1 January 1967, https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.36

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La modélisation du climat de la terre et de sa variabilité : Les Houches, session LXVII, 30 June - 25 July 1997 (1999)

Holland, William R. ; Joussaume, S. ; David, F.

Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier

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Call number: AWI A13-01-0160 ; AWI A13-04-0017

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: XXXV, 565 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.

ISBN: 0444503382

Note: Contents: Organizers. - Lecturers. - Seminar Speakers. - Participants. - Préface (French). - Preface (English). - MAIN COURSES. - Course 1. The Observed Climate of the 20th Century / by E.M. Rasmusson, M. Chelliah and C.F. Ropelewski. - 1. Climatology: From statistics to science. - 1.1. The evolution of climate science. - 1.2. Characteristics and limitations of the instrumental data bases. - 1.3. Interannual to interdecadal variability. - 1.4. Modern climate diagnostics. - 2. The atmospheric general circulation. - 2.1. From Hadley to the mid-20th century: Theory underconstrained by Observations. - 2.2. Post-World War II: Resolving the controversies. - 2.3. Quantifying the balance requirements. - 2.3.1. Angular momentum balance. - 2.3.2. Atmospheric energy cycle. - 2.3.3. Planetary heat balance. - 2.3.4. Hydrologic cycle. - 3. The annual cycle. - 3.1. Basic controls. - 3.2. Focus on the tropics. - 3.3. A monsoon system perspective. - 3.4. Focus on the extratropics. - 4. Interannual variability. - 4. 1. Atmospheric teleconnections. - 4.2. The ENSO phenomenon: Early investigations. - 4.3. ENSO cycle time series. - 4.4. ENSO warm episode evolution. - 4.5. ENSO global response. - 4.5.1. Tropical anomalies. - 4.5.2. Extratropical anomalies. - 5. Decadal/interdecadal variability. - 5.1. Focus on the tropical oceans. - 5.1.1. Pacific sector. - 5.1.2. Atlantic sector. - 5.2. Focus on the extratropics. - 5.2.1. Northem Hemisphere wintertime temperatures: relattonship to the SO and the NAO. - 5.2.2. North Atlantic and North Pacific. - 5.3. Continental precipitation variability. - 5.3.1 . Sahel rainfall. - 5.3.2. North American drought. - 5.3.3. Indian rainfall. - 5.4. Concluding remarks. - References. - Course 2. Numerical Modelling of the Earth's Climate / by L. Bengtsson. - 1. A strategic approach to climate modelling. - 1.1. Introduction. - 1.2. Dynamics of climate. - 1.2.1. Phillips' experiment. - 1.2.2. The key scientific issues in 1955. - 1.3. Climate modelling for different time-scales. - 2. Climate modelling. - 2.1. lntroduction. - 2.2. The climate model as a mathematical system. - 2.3. Overall design of an atmospheric climate model. - 2.4. Numerical solution. - 2.5. Physical parameterization. - 2.6. Climate model performance. - 3. An atmospheric model for climate simulation and prediction studies. - 3.1. lntroduction. - 3.2. Horizontal diffusion. - 3.3. Surface fluxes and vertical diffusion. - 3.4. Land surface processes. - 3.5. Gravity wave drag. - 3.6. Cumulus convection. - 3.6.1. Adjustment closure. - 3. 7. Stratiform clouds. - 3.8. Radiation. - 3.8.1. Longwave radiation. - 3.8.2. Shortwave radiation. - 3.8.3. Shortwave cloud optical properties. - 3.8.4. Longwave cloud optical properties. - 3.8.5. Effective radii of cloud droplets and icc crystals. - 3.8.6. Surface albedo. - 3.8.7. Solar zenith angle. - 3.9. Model validation. - 3.9.1. Radiation and clouds. - 3.9.2. The hydrological cycle. - 3.9.3. The large scale extra-tropical circulation. - 4. Climate response to greenhouse gas forcing. - 4.1. Introduction. - 4.2. Climate feedback processes. - 4.3. The Wonderland climate model. - 4.4. Forcing experiments with the Wonderland model. - 4.4.1. Response to 2 X CO2 and 2% solar forcing. - 4.4.2. Response to the horizontal and vertical distribution of the forcing. - 4.5. Forcing experiments with more realistic climate models. - 5. Climate change prediction. - 5 .1. Introduction. - 5.2. Mechanisms behind climate change. - 5.2.1. How can climate change?. - 5.2.2. Changes in the solar radiation. - 5.2.3. Changes in the greenhouse gases. - 5.2.4. Changes in atrnospheric aerosols. - 5.2.5. Internal, natural variations. - 5.3. Coupled models. - 5.4. Coupled model experiments. - 5.4.1. Transient greenhouse gas experiment. - 5.4.2. Changes in the energy cycle. - 5.4.3. The hydrological cycle. - 5.4.4. Temperature changes. - References. - Course 3. Ocean Modelling and the Role of the Ocean in the Climate System / by P. Delecluse and G. Madec. - 1. Physical properties of the ocean. - 1.1. General structure. - 1.2. Why does the ocean move?. - 1.2.1. Radiative forcing. - 1.2.2. Momentum flux. - 1.2.3. Turbulent fluxes. - 1.2.4. Freshwater flux. - 1.3. Mean vertical structure. - 1.3.1. Seasonal cycle of the mixed layer. - 1.3.2. Midlatitude thermocline ventilation. - 1.3.3. Equatorial thermocline. - 1.3.4. Deep convection and sea ice. - 1.4. Turbulence of the ocean. - 2. Equations of motion. - 2.1. The physical equations. - 2.1.1. Basic assumptions (refer to Pedlosky, 1987). - 2.1.2. The Primitive Equations. - 2.1.3. The boundary conditions. - 2.2. Horizontal pressure gradient formulation. - 2.2.1. Pressure formulation. - 2.2.2. Diagnosing the surface pressure gradient. - 2.2.3. Boundary conditions. - 3. Modelling approach. - 3.1. System of coordinates. - 3.2. Model equations. - 3.3. Vertical system of coordinates. - 3.4. Meridian convergence at the pole. - 3.5. Discretization in space. - 3.5.1. Arrangement of variables for the C grid. - 3.5.2. Discrete operators. - 3.5.3. Conservation properties for the dynamics. - 3.5.4. Conservation properties for the thermodynamics. - 3.6. Discretization in time. - 3.7. Robust diagnostic modelling. - 3.8. Aceeleration of convergence. - 3.9. Surface boundary conditions. - 3.10. Subgrid scale parameterisations. - 3.10. 1. Vertical mixing. - 3.10.2. Convection. - 3.10.3. Lateral mixing. - 4. The global coupled system. - 4.1. Ocean-only models. - 4.1.1. Space or time?. - 4.1.2. Oceanic observations. - 4.1.3. Atmospheric forcing. - 4.1.4. Sensitivity to parameterisation. - 4.2. Coupled models. - 4.2.1. General description of the problem. - 4.2.2. Illustration of drift. - 4.2.3. Flux correction. - 4.2.4. Sensitivity. - 5. The equatorial coupled system. - 5.1. Oceanic equatorial waves. - 5.1.1. Vertical eigenvectors. - 5.1.2. Meridional normal modes. - 5.1.3. Inertia-gravity and Rossby waves. - 5.1.4. Mixed Rossby-gravity wave. - 5.1.5. Equatorial Kelvin wave. - 5.2. Equatorial waves and EI Niiio. - 5.3. Response of forced simulations. - 5.4. Coupled models. - 5.5. Prediction. - 5.6. Some new features to study EI Nino. - 5.6.1. Meridional coupling. - 5.6.2. Barrier layer and freshwater flux. - 6. Conclusion. - References. - Course 4. Past Climatic Changes / by J.-C. Duplessy. - 1. Paleoclimatic and Paleoceanographic tools. - 1.1. Introduction. - 1.2. Transfer functions. - 1.2.1. The Imbrie and Kipp (I&K) technique. - 1.2.2. The Modem Analog Technique (MAT). - 1.2.3. Improving or validating transfer functions. - 1.3. Stable isotope ratio variations. - 1.3.1. Oxygen isotope fractionation during the water cycle. - 1.3.2. Oxygen isotope fractionation during carbonate precipitation. - 1.3.3. Isotope fractionation during the carbon cycle. - 1.4. Dating. - 1.4.1. Radiocarbon. - 1.4.2. Uranium series disequilibria. - 1.4.3. Longer time scales. - 2. The climatic record of the Plio-Pleistocene and the evidence for the Astronomical Theory of paleoclimates. - 2.1. Historical introduction. - 2.2. The Astronomical Theory of glaciations. - 2.3. Extension of the climatic record over the last 6 million years. - 2.4. The last climatic cycle. - 2.5. The last glacial maximum. - 2.6. The last climatic optimum. - 3. Rapid variations within the climate system. - 3.1. Introduction. - 3.2. Evidence of rapid climatic change during the deglaciation. - 3.3. Evidence of rapid climatic change during the glaciation. - 3.4. Mechanisms of rapid climatic change under glacial conditions. - 3.5. A case for the Younger Dryas. - 3.6. Evidence of rapid climatic change during the Eemian. - 3.7. Evidence of rapid climatic change during the Holocene. - 3.8. Modeling of abrupt climatic changes and implications for future climates. - References. - Course 5. Paleomyths I Have Known / by T. J. Crowley. - 1. lntroduction. - 2. General Features of past climate change. - 3. Some significant misconceptions about past climate change. - 4. Discussion of the "paleo-paradigms". - 4.1. "Th

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Living dangerously : The earth, its resources, and the environment (1995)

Holland, H.D. ; Petersen, U.

Princeton : Princeton University Press

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Call number: PIK N 070-96-0360

Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan

Pages: 488 S.

ISBN: 0691032661

Location: A 18 - must be ordered

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The Fossil Record : A Symposium with Documentation ; [held in the Department of Geology, University College of Swansea, on 20 - 21 December 1965] (1967)

Geological Society (London, U.K.) ; Harland, Walter Brian ; Holland, Charles Hepworth ; [et al.]

London : The Geological Society

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Keywords: Fossilien ; Paläontologie

Description / Table of Contents: Introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:1-11, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.01 --- The symposium meeting / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:13-14, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.02 --- Part I: Symposium Papers --- Introduction to Part I / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:15-16, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.03 --- John Watson Cowie: Life in Pre-Cambrian and early Cambrian times / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:17-35, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.04 --- Roland Goldring: The significance of certain trace-fossil ranges / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:37-39, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.05 --- Michael Robert House: Fluctuations in the evolution of Palaeozoic intertebrates / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:41-54, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.06 --- Victor Gordon Walmsley: The origins of some Silurian enteletacean brachiopods / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:55-56, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.07 --- Frank Harold Trevor Rhodes: Permo-Triassic extinction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:57-76, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.08 --- C. B. Cox: Changes in terrestrial vertebrate faunas during the Mesozoic / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:77-89, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.09 --- John Michael Hancock: Some Cretaceous-Tertiary marine faunal changes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:91-104, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.10 --- Graeme Maxwell Philip: Major features of the evolution of echinoids / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:105-106, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.11 --- Norman Francis Hughes and John Smart: Plant-insect relationships in Palaeozoic and later time / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:107-117, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.12 --- Lambert Beverly Halstead Tarlo: Biochemical evolution and the fossil record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:119-132, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.13 --- James Fisher: Fossil birds and their adaptive radiation / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:133-154, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.14 --- General Discussion / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:155-156, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.15 --- Part II: Documentation of the Fossil Record --- Introduction to Part II / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:158-159, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.16 --- Plantae --- N. F. H.: Plantae / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:162, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.17 --- H. P. Banks, K. I. M. Chesters, N. F. Hughes, G. A. L. Johnson, H. M. Johnson, and L. R. Moore: Chapter 1 Thallophyta—1 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:163-180, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.18 --- M. Black, C. Downie, R. Ross, and W. A. S. Sarjeant: Chapter 2 Thallophyta—2 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:181-209, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.19 --- L. J. Grambast and W. S. Lacey: Chapter 3 Bryophyta and Charophyta* / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:211-217, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.20 --- H. P. Banks, W. G. Chaloner, and W. S. Lacey: Chapter 4 Pteridophyta—1 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:219-231, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.21 --- H. P. Banks, M. G. Collett, F. R. Gnauck, and N. F. Hughes: Chapter 5 Pteridophyta—2 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:233-245, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.22 --- K.L. Alvin, P. D. W. Barnard, T.M. Harris, N. F. Hughes, R. H. Wagner, and A. Wesley: Chapter 6 Gymnospermophyta / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:247-268, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.23 --- K. I. M. Chesters, F. R. Gnauck, and N. F. Hughes: Chapter 7 Angiospermae / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:269-288, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.24 --- Invertebrata --- M. J. S. R.: Invertebrata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:290, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.25 --- F. T. Banner, W. J. Clarke, J. L. Cutbill, F. E. Eames, A. J. Lloyd, W. R. Riedel, and A. H. Smout: Chapter 8 Protozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:291-332, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.26 --- R. M. Finks and D. Hill: Chapter 9 Porifera and Archaeocyatha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:333-345, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.27 --- G. A. L. Johnson, I. D. Sutton, F. M. Taylor, and G. Thomas: Chapter 10 Coelenterata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:347-378, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.28 --- G. P. Larwood, A. W. Medd, D. E. Owen, and R. Tavener-Smith: Chapter 11 Bryozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:379-395, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.29 --- D. V. Ager, P. Copper, G. M. Dunlop, G. F. Elliott, F. A. Middlemiss, A. J. Rowell, A. Williams, and A. D. Wright: Chapter 12 Brachiopoda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:397-421, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.30 --- D. Curry and N. J. Morris: Chapter 13 Mollusca: Amphineura, Monoplacophora and Gastropoda / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:423-430, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.31 --- C.H. Holland: Chapter 14 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Nautiloidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:431-443, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.32 --- D. T. Donovan, F. Hodson, M. K. Howarth, M. R. House, E. T. Tozer, and C. W. Wright: Chapter 15 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Ammonoidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:445-460, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.33 --- D. T. Donovan and J. M. Hancock: Chapter 16 Mollusca: Cephalopoda (Coleoidea) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:461-467, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.34 --- N. J. Morris: Chapter 17 Mollusca: Scaphopoda and Bivalvia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:469-477, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.35 --- J. W. Cowie, W. T. Dean, R. Goldring, W. D. I. Rolfe, A. W. A. Rushton, J. T. Temple, and R. P. Tripp: Chapter 18 Arthropoda: Protarthropoda and Trilobitomorpha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:479-497, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.36 --- R. A. Crowson, W. D. I. Rolfe, J. Smart, C. D. Waterston, E. C. Willey, and R. J. Wootton: Chapter 19 Arthropoda: Chelicerata, Pycnogonida, Palaeoisopus, Myriapoda and Insecta / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:499-534, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.37 --- R. H. Bate, J. S. H. Collins, J. E. Robinson, and W. D. I. Rolfe: Chapter 20 Arthropoda: Crustacea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:535-563, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.38 --- R. P. S. Jefferies, K. A. Joysey, C. R. C. Paul, and W. H. C. Ramsbottom: Chapter 21 Echinodermata: Pelmatozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:565-581, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.39 --- B. N. Fletcher, G. M. Philip, and C. W. Wright: Chapter 22 Echinodermata: Eleutherozoa / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:583-599, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.40 --- C. H. Holland, R. B. Rickards, D. Skevington, I. Strachan, and L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 23 Chordata: Hemichordata (including Graptolithina), Pogonophora, Urochordata and Cephalochordata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:601-611, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.41 --- C. Downie, D. W. Fisher, R. Goldring, and F. H. T. Rhodes: Chapter 24 Miscellanea / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:613-626, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.42 --- Vertebrata --- L. B. H. T.: Vertebrata / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:628, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.43 --- L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 25 Agnatha / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:629-636, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.44 --- S. M. Andrews, B. G. Gardiner, R. S. Miles, and C. Patterson: Chapter 26 Pisces / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:637-683, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.45 --- A. L. Panchen: Chapter 27 Amphibia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:685-694, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.46 --- R. M. Appleby, A. J. Charig, C. B. Cox, K. A. Kermack, and L. B. H. Tarlo: Chapter 28 Reptilia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:695-731, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.47 --- James M. McC. Fisher: Chapter 29 Aves / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:733-762, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.48 --- P. M. Butler, W. A. Clemens, S. F. Graham, D. A. Hooijer, K. A. Kermack, B. Patterson, W. D. L. Ride, D. E. Russell, R. J. G. Savage, E. L. Simons, L. B. H. Tarlo, L. Thaler, and T. Whitworth: Chapter 30 Mammalia / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:763-787, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.49 --- Part III: Computer Analysis --- J. L. Cutbill and B. M. Funnell: Numerical analysis of The Fossil Record / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2:791-820, doi:10.1144/GSL.SP.1967.002.01.50

Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 827 Seiten) , Diagramme

URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/2/1

Language: English

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A high observed substitution rate in the human mitochondrial DNA control region (1997)

Parsons, Thomas J. ; Muniec, David S. ; Sullivan, Kevin ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature genetics 15 (1997), S. 363-368

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ISSN: 1546-1718

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: [Auszug] The rate and pattern of sequence substitutions in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (CR) is of central importance to studies of human evolution and to forensic identity testing. Here, we report a direct measurement of the intergenerational substitution rate in the human CR. We compared ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0497-363

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Haemagglutinating, Precipitating and Lymphocyte-stimulating Factors of Phytohaemagglutinin (1965)

HOLLAND, NANCY H. ; HOLLAND, PHILLIP

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 207 (1965), S. 1307-1308

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] The purpose of this report is to describe the effect of heat and absorption with red blood cells on the precipitating and lymphocyte stimulating activity of PHA and to present evidence that PHA functions as a precipitating agent rather than an antigen when reacted with protein by diffusion in solid ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2071307a0

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Differential gene expression and intracellular mRNA localization of amphioxus actin isoforms throughout development: Implications for conserved mechanisms of chordate development (1997)

Kusakabe, R. ; Kusakabe, Takehiro ; Satoh, Noriyuki ; [et al.]

Springer

Development genes and evolution 207 (1997), S. 203-215

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ISSN: 1432-041X

Keywords: Key words Amphioxus ; Actin ; Tissue-specific gene expression ; Chordate evolution

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The cephalochordate amphioxus is thought to share a common ancestor with vertebrates. To investigate the evolution of developmental mechanisms in chordates, cDNA clones for two amphioxus actin genes, BfCA1 and BfMA1, were isolated. BfCA1 encodes a cytoplasmic actin and is expressed in a variety of tissues during embryogenesis, beginning in the dorsolateral mesendoderm of the mid-gastrula. At the open neural plate stage, BfCA1 transcripts accumulate at the bases of the neuroectodermal cells adjacent the presumptive notochord. The 3’ untranslated region of BfCA1 contains a sequence that is similar to the ”zipcode” sequence of chicken β-cytoplasmic actin gene, which is thought to direct intracellular mRNA localization. BfCA1 is also expressed in the notochord through the early larval stage, in the pharynx and in the somites at the onset of muscle-cell differentiation. BfMA1 is a vertebrate-type muscle actin gene, although the deduced amino acid sequence is fairly divergent. Transcripts first appear in the early neurula in the somites as they begin to differentiate into axial muscle cells and persist into the adult stage. In young adults, transcripts are localized in the Z-discs of the muscle cells. Smooth muscle cells around the gill slits and striated muscle cells in the pterygeal muscle also express BfMA1; however, there is never any detectable expression in the notochord, which is a modified striated muscle. Together with the alkali myosin light chain gene AmphiMLC-alk, the sequence and muscle-specific expression of BfMA1 implies a conserved mechanism of muscle cell differentiation between amphioxus and vertebrates. Evolution of the chordate actin gene family is discussed based on molecular phylogenetic analysis and expression patterns of amphioxus actin genes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050109

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Topographic changes in nascent and early mesoderm in amphioxus embryos studied by DiI labeling and by in situ hybridization for a Brachyury gene (1997)

Zhang, Shi-cui ; Holland, Nicholas D. ; Holland, L. Z.

Springer

Development genes and evolution 206 (1997), S. 532-535

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ISSN: 1432-041X

Keywords: Key words Mesoderm ; Notochord ; Brachyury ; Amphioxus

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract In amphioxus embryos, the nascent and early mesoderm (including chorda-mesoderm) was visualized by expression of a Brachyury gene (AmBra-2). A band of mesoderm is first detected encircling the earliest (vegetal plate stage) gastrula sub-equatorially. Soon thereafter, the vegetal plate invaginates, resulting in a cap-shaped gastrula with the mesoderm localized at the blastoporal lip and completely encircling the blastopore. As the gastrula stage progresses, DiI (a vital dye) labeling demonstrates that the entire mesoderm is internalized by a slight involution of the epiblast into the hypoblast all around the perimeter of the blastopore. Subsequently, during the early neurula stage, the internalized mesoderm undergoes anterior extension mid-dorsally (as notochord) and dorsolaterally (in paraxial regions where segments will later form). By the late neurula stage, AmBra-2 is no longer transcribed throughout the mesoderm as a whole; instead, expression is detectable only in the posterior mesoderm and in the notochord, but not in paraxial mesoderm where definitive somites have formed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050083

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Characterization and developmental expression of AmphiNk2-2, an NK2 class homeobox gene from amphioxus (Phylum Chordata; Subphylum Cephalochordata) (1998)

Holland, Linda Z. ; Venkatesh, Tyamagondlu V. ; Gorlin, Andrew ; [et al.]

Springer

Development genes and evolution 208 (1998), S. 100-105

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ISSN: 1432-041X

Keywords: Key words NK2 homeobox ; Amphioxus ; Brain ; Gut

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract The genome of amphioxus includes AmphiNk2-2, the first gene of the NK2 homeobox class to be demonstrated in any invertebrate deuterostome. AmphiNk2-2 encodes a protein with a TN domain, homeodomain, and NK2-specific domain; on the basis of amino acid identities in these conserved regions, AmphiNk2-2 is a homolog of Drosophila vnd and vertebrate Nkx2–2. During amphioxus development, expression of Amph- iNk2-2 is first detected ventrally in the endoderm of late gastrulae. In neurulae, endodermal expression divides into three domains (the pharynx, midgut, and hindgut), and neural expression commences in two longitudinal bands of cells in the anterior neural tube. These neural tube cells occupy a ventrolateral position on either side of the cerebral vesicle (the probable homolog of the vertebrate diencephalic forebrain). The dynamic expression patterns of AmphiNkx2-2 suggest successive roles, first in regionalizing the endoderm and nervous system and later during differentiation of specific cell types in the gut (possibly peptide endocrine cells) and brain (possibly including axon outgrowth and guidance).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050159

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Sequence and developmental expression of amphioxus AmphiNk2–1: insights into the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate thyroid gland and forebrain (1999)

Venkatesh, T. V. ; Holland, Nicholas D. ; Holland, Linda Z. ; [et al.]

Springer

Development genes and evolution 209 (1999), S. 254-259

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ISSN: 1432-041X

Keywords: Key words NK2 homeobox ; Cephalochordata ; Lancelet ; Diencephalon ; Endostyle

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract We characterized an amphioxus NK-2 homeobox gene (AmphiNk2–1), a homologue of vertebrate Nkx2–1, which is involved in the development of the central nervous system and thyroid gland. At the early neurula stage of amphioxus, AmphiNk2–1 expression is first detected medially in the neural plate. By the mid-neurula stage, expression is localized ventrally in the nerve cord and also begins in the endoderm. During the late neurula stage, the ventral neural expression becomes transiently segmented posteriorly and is then down-regulated except in the cerebral vesicle at the anterior end of the central nervous system. Within the cerebral vesicle AmphiNk2–1 is expressed in a broad ventral domain, probably comprising both the floor plate and basal plate regions; this pattern is comparable to Nkx2–1 expression in the mouse diencephalon. In the anterior part of the gut, expression becomes intense in the endostyle (the right wall of the pharynx), which is the presumed homologue of the vertebrate thyroid gland. More posteriorly, there is transitory expression in the midgut and hindgut. In sum, the present results help to support homologies (1) between the amphioxus endostyle and the vertebrate thyroid gland and (2) between the amphioxus cerebral vesicle and the vertebrate diencephalic forebrain.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050250

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