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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic evidence for inter-oceanic subdivision of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) populations (1998)
    Springer
    Marine biology 132 (1998), S. 547-557 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839) are a commercially important species of tuna found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific oceans. To initiate an analysis of bigeye tuna population-structure, three PCR–RFLP assays were developed based on the published mtDNA control-region sequences of four bigeye tuna. Population analyses using these three restriction assays on a total of 248 individuals resulted in an array of 13 composite haplotypes. A total of 347 nucleotides of mtDNA control-region sequence was characterized for 11 of the 13 composite haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the DNA sequences belong to two monophyletic clades. However, only one of the three restriction assays was able to discriminate between the two clades. The other two assays were confounded by excessive homoplasy. Both parallel (independent occurrences of the same nucleotide change) and convergent (different nucleotide changes within the same restriction site) changes of restriction sites were observed. These results emphasize the importance of DNA sequence-analysis for the interpretation of restriction-site polymorphism data. Analyses of the frequency distribution indicated that samples of bigeye tuna from the Atlantic Ocean were genetically distinct from those found in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Thus, these results reject the null hypothesis of a single global population of bigeye tuna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050420
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PMSE observations at three different frequencies in northern Europe during summer 1994 (1997)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 14 (1997), S. 1317-1327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous observations of polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) have been carried out during summer 1994 in northern Norway using three radars on different frequencies: the ALOMAR SOUSY radar at Andenes on 53.5 MHz, the EISCAT VHP radar at Tromsø on 224 MHz and the MF radar at Tromsø on 2.78 MHz. During the common measuring period in July/August 1994, PMSE could be detected at 224 and 53.5 MHz, and there are strong hints that PMSE also occur at 2.78 MHz. Reliable correlations between hourly backscattered power values indicate that the PMSE structures have zonal extensions of more than 130 km and can be detected at very different scales (half wavelength) between 0.67 (EISCAT VHP radar) and 54 m (MF radar). Using the wind values derived by the MF radar it can be shown that the mesospheric wind field influences the structure of PMSE. The diurnal variation of PMSE is strongly connected with tidal-wind components, whereas spatial differences of PMSE can partly be explained by the mean wind field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1317-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trends in the ionospheric E and F regions over Europe (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 986-996 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Atmospheric composition and structure (Pressure, density and temperature) ; Ionosphere (Mid-latitude ionosphere) ; Radio science (Ionospheric propagation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Continuous observations in the ionospheric E and F regions have been regularly carried out since the fifties of this century at many ionosonde stations. Using these data from 31 European stations long-term trends have been derived for different parameters of the ionospheric E layer (h′ E, foE), F1 layer (foF1) and F2 layer (hmF2,foF2). The detected trends in the E and F1 layers (lowering of the E region height h′E; increase of the peak electron densities of the E and F1 layers, foE and foF1) are in qualitative agreement with model predictions of an increasing atmospheric greenhouse effect. In the F2 region, however, the results are more complex. Whereas in the European region west of 30° E negative trends in hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer) and in the peak electron density (foF2) have been found, in the eastern part of Europe (east of 30° E) positive trends dominate in both parameters. These marked longitudinal differences cannot be explained by an increasing greenhouse effect only, here probably dynamical effects in the F2 layer seem to play an essential role.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0986-9
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ionospheric measurements during the CRISTA/MAHRSI campaign: their implications and comparison with previous campaigns (1999)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 17 (1999), S. 1040-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Ionosphere (ionosphere - atmosphere interactions; mid-latitude ionosphere)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment on board a space shuttle was accompanied by a broad campaign of rocket, balloon and ground-based measurements. Supporting lower ionospheric ground-based measurements were run in Europe and Eastern Asia between 1 October–30 November, 1994. Results of comparisons with long ionospheric data series together with short-term comparisons inside the interval October-November, 1994, showed that the upper middle atmosphere (h =80–100 km) at middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the interval of the CRISTA/MAHRSI experiment (4–12 November, 1994) was very close to its expected climatological state. In other words, the average results of the experiment can be used as climatological data, at least for the given area/altitudes. The role of solar/geomagnetic and “meteorological” control of the lower ionosphere is investigated and compared with the results of MAP/WINE, MAC/SINE and DYANA campaigns. The effects of both solar/geomagnetic and global meteorological factors on the lower ionosphere are found to be weak during autumn 1994 compared to those in MAP/WINE and DYANA winters, and they are even slightly weaker than those in MAP/SINE summer. The comparison of the four campaigns suggests the following overall pattern: in winter the lower ionosphere at northern middle latitudes appears to be fairly well “meteorologically” controlled with a very weak solar influence. In summer, solar influence is somewhat stronger and dominates the weak “meteorological” influence, but the overall solar/meteorological control is weaker than in winter. In autumn we find the weakest overall solar/meteorological control, local effects evidently dominate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1040-2
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhancement and quenching of Berreman polaritons in SiO2/TiO2 and Al2O3/Pt superlattices (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1739-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical properties of SiO2/TiO2 and Al2O3/Pt superlattice films have been studied by infrared ellipsometry with emphasis on the reststrahlen bands of the silicon and aluminum oxides. The SiO2 and TiO2 thicknesses were 5.0 and 3.2 nm, respectively, while the Al2O3 and Pt layer thicknesses were 10.0 and 2.5 nm. The presence of TiO2 layers created a pronounced spectral feature just above the SiO2 LO frequency. The results were analyzed by means of transfer matrices. It was found that a superlattice film is capable of introducing sharp spectral features at wavelengths where the refractive index of the substrate is close to unity and the absorption coefficient is small. The validity of effective permittivity calculations is investigated for insulator/insulator and insulator/metal superlattices, and the influence of Berreman polaritons is discussed. We also address the question of how the strength of these polaritons may be suppressed in certain configurations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356364
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epitaxial growth of CuInS2 on sulphur terminated Si(111) (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 1900-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the direct heteroepitaxial growth of the chalcopyrite semiconductor CuInS2 on silicon (111) substrates by means of three-source molecular beam epitaxy. The pretreatment of the silicon wafers includes sulphur termination which leads to a new surface structure defining the starting condition for successful epitaxy. All stages of the growth process were controlled in situ using Auger electron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Furthermore, the epitaxial layers were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction methods and by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry including channeling. X-ray rocking curves showed a typical width of 0.2° while the minimum yield due to the channeling effect was found to be 56%. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117615
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orthodox and unorthodox phylogenetic relationships among tunas revealed by the nucleotide sequence analysis of the mitochondrial DNA control region (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 50 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A phylogeny of all eight recognized taxa of the genus Thunnus was constructed from approximately 400 base pairs of sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. The PCR-amplified control region I segment studied contained a total of 186 variable sites and 159 phylogenetically informative sites. Diagnostic sequences for every taxon were identified. Neighbour-joining phylogenies supported monophyletic origins of the temperate subgenus Thunnus and of the tropical subgenus Neothunnus. Similar results were obtained by maximum parsimony analyses except that there was no support for a monophyletic origin of the subgenus Thunnus. Bigeye tuna, which have been difficult to place in either subgenus using conventional morphological data, was identified as the sister species of Neothunnus. Within the subgenus Thunnus, the Atlantic bluefin and Southern bluefin tunas were shown to be sister taxa of the highly divergent monophyletic clade formed by the Pacific northern bluefin and the Albacore tunas. The conspecific Atlantic (T. thynnus thynnus) and Pacific (T. t. orientalis) northern bluefin tunas were more divergent (Tamura-Nei distance 0·145 ± 0·019) from each other than the average distance separating most species-pairs within the genus. Thus, a re-examination of their status as subspecies of T. thunnus is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01948.x
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  • 8
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    Production of Hollow Lithium by Multielectron Correlation in95MeV/nucleonAr18++LiCollisions (1999)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-08-09
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 9
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    Thermal degradation products of wood (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0018-3768
    Electronic ISSN: 1436-736X
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Structure of sulphur-terminated silicon surfaces (1997)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0039-6028
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-2758
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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