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  • 2000-2004  (248)
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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Catastrophic debris flows transformed from landslides in volcanic terrains : mobility, hazard assessment, and mitigation strategies (2001)
    Washington, DC : United States Gov. Print. Off.
    Associated volumes
    Details Availability
    Call number: S 90.0002(1630)
    In: Professional paper
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 59 S.
    ISBN: 060798578X
    Series Statement: U.S. Geological Survey professional paper 1630
    Classification:
    B..
    Location: Lower compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simplification of the protein assay method of Ramsay et al. for the quantification of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans in the presence of ferric precipitates (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 53 (2000), S. 722-725 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A variation on Ramsay's method for microbial protein determination has been developed in order to quantify Thiobacillus ferrooxidans attached to ferric precipitates or in aqueous suspensions containing such precipitates. Some modifications have been introduced to provide a method that is more sensitive, simple and rapid. A linear standard curve is presented to permit a direct correlation between the protein concentration (mg/l) and the cell concentration (106 cells/ml). An application of this method has been demonstrated in the quantification of biomass immobilized on the surface of polyurethane foam particles in a packed bed reactor, several experiments having been conducted to establish the best conditions for the quantification studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000321
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Automated Flow Injection Analysis Procedure for the Determination of Reducing Sugars by DNSA Method (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A nonenzymatic spectrophotometric method, coupled to an automatic system of standard additions, based on the reaction with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) is described. In a system based on an exhaustive reaction, sample volumes are introduced together with calibration solutions, thus the calibration is performed in a nonsegmented flow system. Homogenization of the sample/standard/carrier takes place in the calibration loop. Later, it is injected in the flow injection analysis system, where the reaction with DNSA occurs, to obtain 3,5-diaminosalicylic acid which is measured spectrophotometrically. With the proposed method, it is possible to eliminate the Rochelle salt, sodium and potassium tartrate, phenol and sodium bisulfite of the principal reagent. Sample throughput was 11 samples/h and precision, expressed as relative standard deviation, was 2.3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2001.tb16118.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A distinct 5′ flanking var gene region regulates Plasmodium falciparum variant erythrocyte surface antigen expression in placental malaria (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Molecular microbiology 45 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Plasmodium falciparum multigene var family codes for approximately 50 variant adhesive proteins expressed in a mutually exclusive manner at the surface of infected red blood cells (iRBCs). Switching expression of var genes can lead to fundamental changes in the adhesive and antigenic properties of iRBCs. For example, a specific phenotypic switch in adhesion from CD36 to chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) is associated with malaria pathogenesis in pregnant women. The factors and DNA elements that control the expression of a particular member of the var gene family during gestational malaria remains enigmatic. Here, we report that the subtelomeric FCR3 varCSA is expressed under the control of a unique DNA element of 1.8 kb, whereas the other members of the var multigene family are flanked by common regulatory elements. The 5′varCSA-type element is conserved as a single copy in laboratory strains and clinical isolates from Brazil and West Africa and contains two distinct repetitive elements of 150 bp and 60 bp respectively. The 5′varCSA-type sequence tags a var gene in the 3D7 genome that is homologous to the FCR3 varCSA gene. A recombinant DBLγ domain of this var gene showed specific binding to CSA. This subtelomeric varCSA gene is transcribed in the opposite sense when compared with the usual orientation of telomere-adjacent var genes. This unique arrangement might explain why the varCSA gene is relatively conserved in genetically distinct parasites despite being located in a highly recombinogenic chromosome compartment. The 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of the varCSA-type sequence is also transcribed in placental isolates that bind to CSA, illustrating an important role for the unique 5′varCSA-type sequence in the regulation of var genes involved in malaria pathogenesis in pregnant women. However, this promoter is not always found to be transcribing var genes selected for expression of products that bind to CSA in vitro. Our work identifies a sequence tag for the identification of varCSA genes in placental isolates for the first time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.02999.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Institutional Pressures, Monopolistic Conditions and the Implementation of Early Cost Management Practices: The Case of the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville (1820–1887) (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Abacus 37 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6281
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In spite of our increasing understanding of the underpinnings of early cost management systems, little is still known about the reasons for the implementation of such systems in firms operating under monopolistic conditions. This article studies the enforcement by law of cost and budgeting systems in the Royal Tobacco Factory of Seville (Spain), a manufactory of the state-owned monopoly. By doing this, we seek both to enhance understanding of the state’s motivation to enact institutional pressures aiming at the implementation of early cost management practices as well as to study different organizational responses to simultaneous pressures arising from a single institutional source. It is suggested that the state’s motivation to legally enforce the implementation of early cost and budgeting systems may be attributed to (a) the seeking of legitimacy by the state regulatory body, (b) the active agency of senior employees of the state regulatory body to keep their jobs and compensation packages on the eve of the privatization of the industry, and (c) the interest of the regulatory agency to instil the basis of mimetic isomorphism within the monopoly. Different responses by the RTF to pressures for reporting cost and budgeting information were explained by (a) the expected diffusion of firm’s non-conformity within the institutional area, (b) the expected impact of institutional rules and norms on organizational goals, and (c) the extent to which the institutional source is consistent in its demands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6281.00080
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics [ Received ] (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Geophysical prospecting 48 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2478
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Artificial neural systems have been used in a variety of problems in the fields of science and engineering. Here we describe a study of the applicability of neural networks to solving some geophysical inverse problems. In particular, we study the problem of obtaining formation resistivities and layer thicknesses from vertical electrical sounding (VES) data and that of obtaining 1D velocity models from seismic waveform data. We use a two-layer feedforward neural network (FNN) that is trained to predict earth models from measured data. Part of the interest in using FNNs for geophysical inversion is that they are adaptive systems that perform a non-linear mapping between two sets of data from a given domain. In both of our applications, we train FNNs using synthetic data as input to the networks and a layer parametrization of the models as the network output. The earth models used for network training are drawn from an ensemble of random models within some prespecified parameter limits. For network training we use the back-propagation algorithm and a hybrid back-propagation–simulated-annealing method for the VES and seismic inverse problems, respectively. Other fundamental issues for obtaining accurate model parameter estimates using trained FNNs are the size of the training data, the network configuration, the description of the data and the model parametrization. Our simulations indicate that FNNs, if adequately trained, produce reasonably accurate earth models when observed data are input to the FNNs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2000.00171.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A class of colliding waves in metric-affine gravity, nonmetricity and torsion shock waves (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 6369-6380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: By using our recent generalization of the colliding waves concept to metric–affine gravity theories, and also our generalization of the advanced and retarded time coordinate representation in terms of Jacobi functions, we find a general class of colliding wave solutions with fourth degree polynomials in metric-affine gravity. We show that our general approach contains the standard second degree polynomial colliding wave solutions as a particular case. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1287429
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protective effect of intranasally inoculated Lactobacillus fermentum against Streptococcus pneumoniae challenge on the mouse respiratory tract (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lactic acid bacteria are increasingly used to restore the ecological equilibrium of different mucosal areas in humans and/or animals. Likewise, they can be used to potentially protect against pathogenic microorganisms. In the present paper, the preventive effect of intranasally inoculated Lactobacillus fermentum against challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae was studied, using a mouse experimental model. L. fermentum inoculated four times at a dose of 107 colony forming units per mouse was able to decrease the number of S. pneumoniae throughout the respiratory tract. The L. fermentum treatment increased the number of activated macrophages in lung slices, and a higher lymphocyte population in the tracheal lamina propria. S. pneumoniae challenge showed a typical response against pathogen with a higher non-specific immune response. Preventive treatment, i.e. L. fermentum administration prior to S. pneumoniae challenge, showed a response close to that of L. fermentum. Anti-S. pneumoniae antibodies increased in lactobacilli-treated animals compared to the non-treated lactobacilli mice. The increase in the antibody levels suggests that the mucosal immune system could be involved in the protective effect, accomplished with competitive exclusion, nutrient competition and production of inhibitory substances. This paper will be the basis for further studies of the protective effect of lactobacilli against S. pneumoniae in the respiratory tract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.2001.tb00519.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clofibric and ethacrynic acids prevent experimental pyelonephritis by Escherichia coli in mice (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 42 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Interfering Escherichia coli attachment to the urinary tract, using P-fimbriation inhibitors, can prevent pyelonephritis. Clofibric and ethacrynic acids are organic compounds structurally related, but with different pharmacological uses. These agents are potentially active in the urinary tract due to its elimination in an unaltered form by the renal route. This study described a pyelonephritogenic E. coli strain, grown in the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of clofibric or ethacrynic acids (0.1 and 1 mM, respectively), which exhibits inhibition of P1 erythrocytes agglutination and a drastic decrease in fimbriation, using electron microscopy and quantitative analyses of superficial proteins (decrease to a 17–25% in comparison with the control). In vivo assays were performed using ascending urinary tract infection in mice. The treatment with therapeutic doses of the drugs, administered 2 days before the bacterial challenge and daily until the end of the experiment (22 days), abolished renal infection after 7–10 days of drug exposure. Within this period clofibric acid did not produce adverse effects on the renal parenchyma. However, ethacrynic acid caused pyelitis and tubular cellular desquamation. These results suggested that clofibric acid might be useful in the short-term prophylaxis of urinary tract infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsim.2004.06.026
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Amarillo (Girardinichthys multiradiatus) a fish model to study geographic variation in mate recognition systems (2003)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd/Inc
    Journal of fish biology 63 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The existence of a species-specific mate recognition system (MRS) enables a fluid interchange of genes within species, while promoting the evolution of barriers to hybridization across sibling species. This is because MRS's can diverge in allopatry as a consequence of random events such as drift, or because different ecological conditions impose different optima on sexually-selected characters such as may be part of the MRS’s. As freshwater habitats are frequently fragmented and re-merged following long-term climatic changes and river piracy across catchments, there is ample scope for fish populations’ MRS's to diverge in allopatry to the point of generating pre-mating barriers. Based on former records of population differences in sexually-dimorphic traits in the Amarillo fish (Girardinichthys multiradiatus), we investigated 1) whether courtship by males is quantifiably different between populations, and 2) whether these differences are due to difference in the way females respond to specific elements of the courtship sequence (thus prompting males to court in a population-specific style). Using five populations representing the whole of the Amarillo's geographic range, we found that, when confronted to homogametic females, males exhibited substantial and significant differences in the tendency to perform particular courtship patterns, in spite of males form all populations having equal repertoires. We also found that heterogametic courtship neither resembled that of the populations of origin of the male, nor of the female. We infer that the interpretation of the courtship signals is diverging across Amarillo populations, in a manner akin to the evolution of languages in bird songs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2003.216be.x
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